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This essay examines the role of histories of Greek democracy in contemporary attempts to conceptualize political alternatives and outsides to the democratic present. Focusing on historians such as Moses Finley, Paul Cartledge, and Josiah Ober, it foregrounds dēmokratia’s critical potential as formed in comparative juxtapositions, but also in what is described as relational perspectives, wherein visions of the Greek democratic past are overdetermined by crisscrossing legacies of different ages. These include a plural legacy of political modernity consisting of oppressive teleological narratives of ancient and modern European democracies, but also an ambiguous and often unruly notion of dēmokratia. The path to democracy’s critique appears here as neither a return to a distant past, nor a repudiation of dēmokratia’s futurity, but as a transformative movement and a troubling alterity, an outside to democracy that needs to be confronted, mediated, and re-appropriated into a porous and mobilised political present. This return to the Greek political legacy is no longer prophetic of a victorious future, but reflexive and ambivalent, holding on at once to the many sides, voices, and actors of stories of ancient and modern democracies.
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