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The Quran’s descriptions of Allah’s creation and destruction of the universe are rich in details of the beauty of nature and the cosmos as well as details of the horrific violence and chaos that will accompany its destruction on Judgement Day. Some of the art works selected for this Chapter express the beauty and wonder of creation and Allah’s injunctions to protect and maintain it. Other works alert viewers to the consequences of human destruction of the natural world and compare the results of that damage with the destruction of the universe, an event that the Quran says will signal the Day of Judgement and eternity. Many of the works reference Quranic descriptions of the ‘landscapes’ of this world and of the next. They also express emotions described in the Quran—awe, gratitude, fear, distress, security and insecurity, peace, hope—and recognise that the spiritual is an essential aspect of human existence. The challenge for the artists is how to express a sense of ‘the numinous’, in visual form, and the Chapter analyses how each artist responds to that challenge.
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Akkach, Samer. 2019, ʿIlm: Science, Religion and Art in Islam (Adelaide: University of Adelaide Press).
Amri, Ulil. 2022. ‘Trees Pray for Us’. Inside Indonesia 148 (April–June 2022). Available at: https://www.insideindonesia.org/trees-pray-for-us.
Anonymous. 2023. ‘Arahmaiani: Return to Lab’. Blog. Creative Cowboy. Available at: https://www.creativecowboyfilms.com/blog_posts/arahmaiani-return-to-lab.
Anonymous. 2023. ‘Memory of Nature’. Blog. Creative Cowboy. Available at: https://www.creativecowboyfilms.com/blog_posts/memory-of-nature.
Anonymous. 2022. ‘Bali, Arahmaiani and the Coronnavirus’. Blog. Creative Cowboy. Available at: https://www.creativecowboyfilms.com/blog_posts/bali-arahmaiani-and-the-coronavirus.
Anonymous. 1987. ‘Mengenang Achmad Sadali: Gunung Emas itu Abadi di Sana’ (Remembering Achmad Sadali: the Golden Mountain is Eternally There). Kompas, 27 September 1987, 8.
Arahmaiani and Siobhan Campbell. 2019. ‘Balancing Feminine and Masculine Energy’. Southeast of Now: Directions in Contemporary and Modern Art in Asia, 3(1): 201–213.
Bennett, James. 2021. Making Art in Early Modern Java (16th–19th c.): A New Reading. Unpublished PhD thesis, The University of Adelaide.
Budiman, A. Nashir. 1983. ‘Karya Seni Harus Mendekatkan diri pada Tuhan’ (Art Must Bring One Close to God). Panji Masyarakat 390, 6 Jumadil Akhir 1403 H, 21 March: 56–57.
Datuin, Flaudette May V. 2000. ‘Passing through Fire: Pain and Transformation in the Art of Arahmaiani’. ART AsiaPacific 26: 66–71.
Dirgantoro, Wulan. 2023. ‘After 1965: Historical Violence and Strategies of Representation in Indonesian Visual Arts’. In Elly Kent, Virginia Hooker and Caroline Turner (eds.), Living Art: Indonesian Artists Engage Politics, Society and History. Canberra: The Australian National University Press, 273–294.
Dirgantoro, Wulan. 2017. Feminisms and Indonesian Contemporary Art: Defining Experiences. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
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Gade, A.M. 2012. ‘Tradition and Sentiment in Indonesian Environmental Islam1’. Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 16(3): 263–285.
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George, Kenneth M. 2010. Picturing Islam: Art and Ethics in a Muslim Lifeworld. UK/US: Wiley-Blackwell.
Haleem, M.A.S. 2004. The Qurʾan: A New Translation. Oxford: OUP.
Hooker, Virginia. 2023. ‘“Allah Is Beautiful and Loves Beauty”: Aesthetics and Ethics in Islam-Inspired Art’. In Elly Kent, Virginia Hooker and Caroline Turner (eds.), Living Art: Indonesian Artists Engage Politics, Society and History. Canberra: The Australian National University Press, 145–174.
Hooker, Virginia. 2022. ‘Seeing with “The Eyes of the Heart”: dhikr and fikr as Sources of Insight in Indonesian Islamic Art’. In Samer Akkach (ed.), Naẓar: Vision, Belief, and Perception in Islamic Cultures. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 88–119.
Hooker, Virginia. 2019. ‘“By the Pen!”: Spreading ʿilm in Indonesia through Quranic Calligraphy’. In Samer Akkach (ed.), ʿIlm: Science, Religion and Art in Islam. Adelaide: The University of Adelaide Press, 81–97.
Hooker, Virginia. 2017. ‘When Laws Are Not Enough: Ethics, Aesthetics, and Intra- Religious Pluralism in Contemporary Indonesia’. In Gary Bell (ed.), Pluralism, Transnationalism and Culture in Asian Law. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 151–177.
Ibn Kathīr. 2011. Al-Bidāyah wa-l-nihāyah. Translated by Muhammad Akhyar LC and Syahrin Jasah with the title Tanda-Tanda Kiamat (Portents of Judgement Day). Kuala Lumpur: Pustaka al-Shafa, 2nd ed.
Jurriëns, Edwin. 2020. ‘Gendering the Environmental Artivism: Ekofeminisme and Unjuk Rasa of Arahmaiani’s Art’. Southeast of Now: Directions in Contemporary and Modern Art in Asia 4(2): 3–38.
Kent, Elly. 2022. Artists and the People: Ideologies of Art in Indonesia. Singapore: NUS Press.
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Pandhuagie, F.G. 2008. ‘Arahmaiani: Sejak Awal Berbeda Pilihan’ (Arahmaiani: Different Choices from the Beginning). Gong: Seni dan Pendidikan Seni (Gong: Art and Art Education) 100(IX): 30–31.
Rahadiningtyas, Anissa. 2021. ‘Arahmaiani: Nomadic Reparation Projects, Environmentalism, and Global Islam’. Available at: https://post.moma.org/arahmaiani-nomadic-reparation-projects-environmentalism-and-global-islam/.
Rahadiningtyas, Anissa. 2019. ‘Bandung Artist Collection’. Available at: https://digital.library.cornell.edu/collections/bandung?fbclid=IwAR2BEqxK6sAH7c-29cuvt-dmUTvbh0ZUX3jKnN2q7OFY-X7951WQX1zFTq0.
Ricklefs, Merle. 2007. Polarising Javanese Society: Islamic and Other Visions c.1830–1930. Singapore: NUS Press; Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press; Leiden: KITLV Press.
Rollins, Tyler. 2016. Arahmaiani: Shadow of the Past. n.p. Available at: http://www.trfineart.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Arahmaiani-2016-Catalog-lr.pdf.
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Sugahara, Yumi. 2021. ‘Preface’. In Yumi Sugahara (ed.), Comparative Study of Southeast Asian Kitabs (6): Paradise and Hell. Tokyo: Centre for Islamic Studies, Sophia University, v–vi.
Sugahara, Yumi. 2021. ‘Changes in the Description of Hell in Literature in the 19th-Century Southeast Asia: Daqāʾiq al-akhbār and the Javanese Serat Centhini’. In Yumi Sugahara (ed.), Comparative Study of Southeast Asian Kitabs (6): Paradise and Hell. Tokyo: Centre for Islamic Studies, Sophia University. 61–74.
Turner, Caroline. 2023. ‘Redefining the Contemporary in a Global Context: Indonesian Art in the 1990s’. In Elly Kent, Virginia Hooker and Caroline Turner (eds.), Living Art: Indonesian Artists Engage Politics, Society and History. Canberra: The Australian National University Press, 217–248.
Wolters, O.W. 2008. ‘Studying Srivijaya’. In Craig J. Reynolds (ed.), Early Southeast Asia: Selected Essays. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 77–108.
Wright, Astri. 2000. ‘Red and White Refigured: Indonesian Activist Art in Progress’. ART AsiaPacific 26: 60–65.
Wright, Astri. 1994. Soul, Spirit, and Mountain: Preoccupations of Contemporary Indonesian Painters. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
Yustiono. 2005. ‘Interpretasi Karya Ahmad Sadali dalam Konteks Modernitas dan Spiritualitas Islam dengan Pendekatan Hermeneutik’ (A Hermeneutic Approach to Interpreting the Works of Ahmad Sadali in the Context of Modernity and Islamic Spirituality). Unpublished PhD thesis, Bandung Institute of Technology.
Zaelani, Rizki A. et al. (eds.). 2014. Pameran Maestro Seni Rupa Indonesia: Sadali Karya/Pemikiran/Penafsiran. (Exhibition of Indonesian Art Maestro: Ahmad Sadali Works/Thinking/Interpretation). Jakarta: Galeri Nasional Indonesia.
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