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This chapter reflects on a scoping review of how researchers study how adults learn in distance education, including higher education and continuing education. In this chapter, we provide context for the study of this topic, describe the scoping review methodology, and explain how our research team used this methodology. We then chronicle our research process to illustrate the iterative nature of scoping reviews and highlight essential discoveries. Next, we share some preliminary findings on methods used to study adult learning processes in distance education, which are primarily quantitative or unspecified. Finally, we share our recommendations for conducting research in online learning based on what we saw in our analysis of several thousand records. These include capturing key student elements in the abstract, being explicit with definitions, constructs, population, and context, using measures of learning beyond student perceptions, developing and implementing shared measures of learning, and being clear with connections to theory.
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