Chapter 7 Signum, Ordo, Machina: Nature in Twelfth-century Chartres, Paris and Bologna between Biblical Exegesis and Philosophical Heritage

In: The Legacy of Plato's Timaeus
Author:
Riccardo Saccenti
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Chapter
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200–228
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004705838_008

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Abstract

In his volume on twelfth-century theology, Marie-Dominique Chenu noted that nature was one of the great subjects debated between the age of Anselm of Canterbury and the pontificate of Innocent III. This whole period can be analysed form the perspective of the “discovery of nature” in terms of an autonomous and specific reality, which is understandable through an appropriate reasoning. The masters of Chartres, Paris, and Bologna, put biblical exegesis and the patristic heritage in dialogue not only with the legal culture of canonists and jurists but also with the philosophical heritage, particularly Plato’s Timaeus together with Calcidius’ commentary. In order to understand the pluralistic value that twelfth-century authors give to the term “nature”, this contribution will explain some basic elements of this peculiar reception of Timaeus that shaped the medieval cultural framework, and will examine how “nature” was seen as a sign (signum), an order (ordo) or a machine (machina). These remarks will clarify the impact of the Platonic dialogue on the heterogeneous discovery of nature in twelfth-century Latin Europe.

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The Legacy of Plato's Timaeus

Cosmology, Music, Medicine, and Architecture from Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century

Series:  Brill's Studies in Intellectual History, Volume: 353
Cover The Legacy of Plato's <i>Timaeus</i>
E-Book ISBN:
9789004705838
Publisher:
Brill
Print Publication Date:
16 Dec 2024
Front Matter
Chapter 1 Introduction: from Plato’s Text to the Beginnings of Modern Science – towards a New Understanding of the Disciplinary Inheritance of Plato’s Timaeus
Part 1 The Timaeus and its Reception in Late Antiquity
Part 2 The Medieval Timaeus
Part 3 The Timaeus in the Renaissance
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