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Royal statuary from the 6th Dynasty, beginning in the reign of Pepi I, consistently shows features of what Egyptologists have designated the Second Style or late Old Kingdom style. This style is distinguished by an interest in expressiveness that is lacking in early Old Kingdom statuary. It has remained difficult to trace the origins and development of the Second Style in royal statuary because of the limited number of preserved royal statues from the late Old Kingdom. However, a proto-Second Style is apparent in statuary from the 5th Dynasty pyramid complex of Raneferef. This article examines the known statues of kings who reigned between Raneferef and Pepi I and contemporary products of royal statuary workshops in order to trace the gradual development of the proto-Second Style into the Second Style, thus demonstrating that the Second Style did not appear suddenly, at the command of a particular pharaoh, individual, or workshop, as previous Egyptologists have suggested.
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