Part 3 China as a Diaspora State

In: Handbook of Chinese Migration to Europe

Purchase instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):

$40.00
  • Collapse
  • Expand
  • Adamson, Fiona B. 2023. “Re‐Spatialising Migration Governance: From ‘Multi-Level’ to ‘Entangled.’International Migration. Online First. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13138.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany. 2018a. “China’s Long Arm Reaches into American Campuses.” Foreign Policy, 7 March 2018. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/03/07/chinas-long-arm-reaches-into-american-campuses-chinese-students-scholars-association-university-communist-party/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany. 2018b. “The Chinese Communist Party Is Setting Up Cells at Universities Across America.” Foreign Policy, 18 April 2018. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/04/18/the-chinese-communist-party-is-setting-up-cells-at-universities-across-america-china-students-beijing-surveillance/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Amnesty International. 2021. “Hearts and Lives Broken: The Nightmare of Uyghur Families Separated by Repression.” 19 March 2021. https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ASA1737982021ENGLISH.PDF.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ayasun, Abdullah. 2021. “Uyghurs Wary of Turkey’s Pending Extradition Deal with China.” The Diplomat, 7 January 2021. https://thediplomat.com/2021/01/uyghurs-wary-of-turkeys-pending-extradition-deal-with-china/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Barabantseva, Elena. 2011. Overseas Chinese, Ethnic Minorities and Nationalism: De-Centering China. New York: Routledge.

  • Barabantseva, Elena, and Tao Wang. 2020. “Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Chinese Citizens Abroad.” In Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond (Vol. 3): A Focus on Non-EU Sending States, edited by Jean-Michel Lafleur and Daniela Vintila, 93108. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Baser, Bahar, and Élise Féron. 2022. “Host State Reactions to Home State Diaspora Engagement Policies: Rethinking State Sovereignty and Limits of Diaspora Governance.” Global Networks 22 (2): 226241. https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12341.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Boffey, Daniel. 2022. “Chinese Students in UK Told to ‘Resist Distorting’ China’s COVID Policies.” The Guardian, 8 December 2022. Accessed 27 September 2023.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bofulin, Martina. 2022. “Qiaoxiang 2.0: The People’s Republic of China and Diaspora Governance at the Local Level.” China Perspectives (131): 715.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bourdieu, Pierre, and John B. Thompson. 1991. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press.

  • Bowe, Alexander. 2018. China’s Overseas United Front Work Background and Implications for the United States. U.S.–China Economic and Security Review Commission. https://www.uscc.gov/research/chinas-overseas-united-front-work-background-and-implications-united-states.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brubaker, Rogers. 2005. “The ‘Diaspora’ Diaspora.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 28 (1): 119. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141987042000289997.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brubaker, Rogers. 2017. “Revisiting ‘The ‘Diaspora’ Diaspora.’Ethnic and Racial Studies 40 (9): 155661. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1308533.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cao Yunhua 曹云华. 2020. “Quanqiuhua, quyuhua yu bentuhua shiye xia de Dongnanya huawen jiaoyu 全球化、区域化与本土化视野下的东南亚华文教育 [Chinese Education in Southeast Asia from the Perspective of Globalisation, Regionalization, and Localization].” 八桂侨刊 (1): 314, 36. CNKI: SUN:BGQK.0.2020-01-001.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ceccagno, Antonella, and Mette Thunø. 2022. “Digitized Diaspora Governance during the COVID-19 Pandemic: China’s Diaspora Mobilization and Chinese Migrant Responses in Italy.” Global Networks 23 (1): 90105. https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12389.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chan, Shelly. 2018. Diaspora’s Homeland: Modern China in the Age of Global Migration. Durham: Duke University Press.

  • Cheek, Timothy. 2021. “Xi Jinping’s Counter-Reformation: The Reassertion of Ideological Governance in Historical Perspective.” Journal of Contemporary China 30 (132): 87587. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2021.1893554.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chen Jianxing 陈键兴. 2010. “2010 nian haiwai huayi ji Gang Ao Tai diqu qingshaonian ‘Zhongguo xungen zhi lü’ xialingying kai ying Xi Jinping chuxi bing jianghua 2010 年海外华裔及港澳台地区青少年‘中国寻根之旅’夏令营开营习近平出席并讲话 [Xi Jinping Speaks at the Opening of the 2010 ‘China Roots Journey’ Summer Camp for Overseas Chinese and Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan Youth].” Xinhua Net, 25 July 2010. https://www.gov.cn/govweb/ldhd/2010-07/25/content_1663626.htm.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chen, Jie. 2019. The Overseas Chinese Democracy Movement: Assessing China’s Only Open Political Opposition. Cheltham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chen, Ningning, and Jingfu Chen. 2023. “Diaspora Governance and Religion: The (Re)Production of the Guangze Zunwang Cult in the Chinese Diaspora.” Global Networks 23: 58398. https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12369.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chen, Shihlun Allen. 2018. “The Development of Cambodia–China Relation and Its Transition under the OBOR Initiative.” The Chinese Economy 51 (4): 370382. https://doi.org/10.1080/10971475.2018.1457317.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chen, Wanjing. 2021. “Harnessing the Sending State: Pragmatic Improvisations and Negotiated Memberships of the Chinese Diaspora in Laos.” Political Geography 89: 102425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2021.102425.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chen, Wanjing. 2022. “Harden the Hardline, Soften the Softline: Unravelling China’s Qiaoling-Centred Diaspora Governance in Laos.” The China Quarterly 250: 397416. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741022000455.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chen Yiping 陈奕平. 2019. “Xinshidai Zhongguo fazhan zhanlüe yu huaqiao huaren de zuoyong 新时代中国发展战略与华侨华人的作用 [China’s Development Strategy in the New Era and the Role of Overseas Chinese].” 八桂侨刊 2: 39.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cheng, Yinghong. 2019. Discourses of Race and Rising China. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.

  • Cong, Xiaoping. 2013. “Road to Revival: A New Move in the Making of Legitimacy for the Ruling Party in China.” The Journal of Contemporary China 22 (83): 90522. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2013.782133.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dalmasso, Emanuela, Adele Del Sordi, Marlies Glasius, Nicole Hirt, Marcus Michaelsen, Abdulkader S. Mohammad, and Dana Moss. 2017. “Intervention: Extraterritorial Authoritarian Power.” Political Geography 30: 110.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • de Bourmont, Martin. 2018. “China’s Campaign against Uighur Diaspora Ramps Up.” Foreign Policy, 3 April 2018. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/04/03/chinas-campaign-against-uighur-diaspora-ramps-up/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Délano, Alexandra, and Alan Gamlen. 2014. “Comparing and Theorizing State–Diaspora Relations.” Political Geography 41: 4353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.05.005.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Diamond, Larry, and Orville Schell. 2019. China’s Influence and American Interests: Promoting Constructive Vigilance. Revised ed. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dikötter, Frank. 2015. The Discourse of Race in Modern China. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

  • Dorfman, Zach. 2018. “The Disappeared: China’s Global Kidnapping Campaign Has Gone On for Years. It May Now Be Reaching inside US borders.” Foreign Policy, 29 March 2018. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/03/29/the-disappeared-china-renditions-kidnapping/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Economist. 2018. “Nowhere to Hide.” Economist 426 (9085): 58.

  • Eng, Kuah-Pearce Khun. 2006. “Moralising Ancestors as Socio-Moral Capital: A Study of a Transnational Chinese Lineage.” Asian Journal of Social Science 34 (2): 243263. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853106777371256.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fan Siyi 范思忆. 2020. “Ren Qiliang: Ba huawen jiaoyu shiye zuo da, zuo qiang, zuo hao 任启亮:把华文教育事业做大、做强、做好 [Ren Qiliang: Make Chinese Education Bigger, Stronger, and Better].” Zhongguo xinwen wang. https://www.chinanews.com/hr/shipin/cns/2020/08-01/news863994.shtml.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fewsmith, Joseph. 2021. Rethinking Chinese Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  • FitzGerald, David. 2012. “Citizenship á la Carte: Emigration and the Strengthening of the Sovereign State.” In Politics from Afar. Transnational Diasporas and Networks, edited by Terence Lyons and Peter Mandaville, 197212. London: Hurst and Company.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fitzgerald, John. 2018. “Overstepping Down Under.” Journal of Democracy 29 (2): 5967. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2018.0025.

  • Fitzgerald, Stephen. 1972. China and the Overseas Chinese: A Study of Peking’s Changing Policy, 1949–1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Foucault, Michel. 1972. The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language. New York: Pantheon Books.

  • Foucault, Michel. 2000. “Subject and Power.” In Michel Foucault Power. Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984, edited by James D. Faubion, 326348. London: Penguin Books.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Freedom House. 2021. China: Transnational Repression Case Study. https://freedomhouse.org/report/transnational-repression/china#footnoteref33_p0qpddw.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gamlen, Alan. 2008. “The Emigration State and the Modern Geopolitical Imagination.” Political Geography (27): 84056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2008.10.004.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gamlen, Alan. 2014. “Diaspora Institutions and Diaspora Governance.” International Migration Review 48 (1): 180217. https://doi.org/10.1111/imre.12136.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gamlen, Alan. 2019. Human Geopolitics: States, Emigrants, and the Rise of Diaspora Institutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  • Gerschewski, Johannes. 2013. “The Three Pillars of Stability: Legitimation, Repression, and Co-Optation in Autocratic Regimes.” Democratization 20 (1): 1338. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2013.738860.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Glasius, Marlies. 2018. “Extraterritorial Authoritarian Practices: A Framework.” Globalizations 15 (2): 17997. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2017.1403781.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Goossaert, Vincent, and David A Palmer. 2011. The Religious Question in Modern China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

  • Groot, Gary. 2016. “The Expansion of the United Front under Xi Jinping.” In China Story Yearbook 2015: Pollution, edited by Gloria Davies, Jeremy Goldkorn, and Luigi Tomba, 16777. Canberra: The Australian National University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Groot, Gerry. 2004. Managing Transitions: The Chinese Communist Party, United Front Work, Corporatism, and Hegemony. New York: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Guowuyuan bangongting 国务院办公厅 [General Office of the State Council]. 1992. “Guanyu zaiwai liuxue renyuan youguan wenti de tongzhi 关于在外留学人员有关问题的通知 [Circular on Questions Regarding Overseas Students].” http://www.cscse.edu.cn/publish/portal0/tab38/info6997.htm.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Guowuyuan Qiaowu Bangongshi 国务院侨务办公室. 2014. “Guowuyuan Qiaowu Bangongshi 2013 niandu bumen jiesuan 国务院侨务办公室2013年度部门决算 [Annual Departmental Accounts for 2013 of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council].” 21 July 2014. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2014-07/21/content_2721182.htm.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Han, Enze. 2017. “Bifurcated Homeland and Diaspora Politics in China and Taiwan towards the Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45 (4): 57794. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1409172.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Harris, Rachel. 2019. “Repression and Quiet Resistance in Xinjiang.” Current History 118 (810): 27681. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2019.118.810.276.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • He, Rowena Xiaoqing. 2014. “Identifying with a “Rising China”? Overseas Chinese Student Nationalism.” In Constructing Modern Asian Citizenship, edited by Edward Vickers and Krishna Kumar, 31440. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Heurlin, Christopher. 2016. Responsive Authoritarianism in China: Land, Protests, and Policy Making. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ho, Ming-Sho. 2023. “Hongkongers’ International Front: Diaspora Activism during and after the 2019 Anti-Extradition Protest.” Journal of Contemporary Asia: 122. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2023.2168208.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Holbig, Heike, and Bruce Gilley. 2010. “Reclaiming Legitimacy in China.” Politics & Policy 38 (3): 395422. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00241.x.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hollifield, James F. 2004. “The Emerging Migration State.” International Migration Review 38 (3): 885912. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00223.x.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Huang Jin 黄瑾, and Liu Tingting 刘婷婷. 2021. “Wan Lijun zai Shanxi diaoyan Qiaolian gongzuo 万立骏在山西调研侨联工作 [Wan Lijun Investigates the Work of the Overseas Chinese Federation in Shanxi].” Qiaolian wang, 9 April 2021. http://www.chinaql.org/n1/2021/0409/c419643-32074313.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Huang Xiaojian 黄小坚. 2018. “Jianpuzhai huaren shehui de bianqian (1991–2017) 柬埔寨华人社会的变迁 (1991–2017) [The Changing Feature of Overseas Chinese in Cambodia from 1991 to 2017].” 华侨华人历史研究 (3): 3038.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Human Rights Watch. 2014. “Under China’s Shadow: Mistreatment of Tibetans in Nepal.” https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/04/01/under-chinas-shadow/mistreatment-tibetans-nepal#_ftnref28.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Human Rights Watch. 2021. “‘They Don’t Understand the Fear We Have’: How China’s Long Reach of Repression Undermines Academic Freedom at Australia’s Universities.” https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media_2021/06/australia0621_web_0.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jia Yimin 贾益民, ed. 2021. Shijie huawen jiaoyu nianjian (2019) 世界华文教育年鉴 (2019) [The Yearbook of Chinese Education in the World (2019)]. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press (China).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jiang, Shanshan. 2021. “The Call of the Homeland: Transnational Education and the Rising Nationalism among Chinese Overseas Students.” Comparative Education Review 65 (1): 3455. https://doi.org/10.1086/712053.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jixu jiaoyu xueyuan 继续教育学院. 2021. “Bainian fendou zai fu xin cheng qiaoxin xiang dang yongyi qianxing—Zhongguo Qiaolian haiwai qiaoling guoqing yanxiu ban zai xian kai ban 百年奋斗再赴新程 侨心向党勇毅前行—中国侨联海外侨领国情研修班在线开班 [Again on to a New Journey after a Century of Struggle the Hearts of the Overseas Chinese Will Bravely Move towards the Party. The China Federation of Overseas Chinese Opens Overseas Online Seminar on National Conditions for Overseas Chinese Leaders].” 17 December 2021. https://www.sce.tsinghua.edu.cn/info/1018/6967.htm.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kan, Karita, and Hok Bun Ku. 2021. “Serving the People, Building the Party: Social Organizations and Party Work in China’s Urban Villages.” The China Journal 85: 7595. https://doi.org/10.1086/711182.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kang, Tingyu. 2017. “The Digitization of Diaspora Engagement: Managing Extraterritorial Talent Using the Internet.” Global Networks 17 (4): 53753. https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12151.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Koinova, Maria, and Gerasimos Tsourapas. 2018. “How Do Countries of Origin Engage Migrants and Diasporas? Multiple Actors and Comparative Perspectives.” International Political Science Review 39 (3): 31121. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512118755843.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kubat, Aleksandra. 2018. “Morality as Legitimacy under Xi Jinping: The Political Functionality of Traditional Culture for the Chinese Communist Party.” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 47 (3): 4786. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810261804700303.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kynge, James, Lucy Hornby, and Jamil Anderline. 2017. “Inside China’s Secret ‘Magic Weapon’ for Worldwide Influence.” Financial Times, 26 October 2017. https://www.ft.com/content/fb2b3934-b004-11e7-beba-5521c713abf4.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Leung, Maggi W. H. 2015. “Engaging a Temporal–Spatial Stretch: An Inquiry into the Role of the State in Cultivating and Claiming the Chinese Knowledge Diaspora.” Geoforum 59: 18796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.06.008.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Li, Hangwei, and Xuefei Shi. 2020. “Home Away from Home: The Social and Political Roles of Contemporary Chinese Associations in Zambia.” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 48 (2): 14870. https://doi.org/10.1177/1868102620907224.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Li, Hongmei. 2011. “Chinese Diaspora, the Internet, and the Image of China: A Case Study of the Beijing Olympic Torch Relay.” In Soft Power in China: Public Diplomacy Through Communication, edited by Jian Wang, 13556. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Li, Yao, and Manfred Elfstrom. 2021. “Does Greater Coercive Capacity Increase Overt Repression? Evidence from China.” Journal of Contemporary China 30 (128): 186211. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2020.1790898.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu, Guofu. 2014a. “Laws Protecting the Rights and Interests of Returned Overseas Chinese and Their Relatives: Their Relevance and Adaptation.” In Global Diasporas and Development: Socioeconomic, Cultural, and Policy Perspectives, edited by Sadananda Sahoo and B. K. Pattanaik, 30515. New Delhi: Springer India.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu, Haifang. 2018. “Associations as Social Capital of ‘New Chinese Migrants’ in Africa: Empirical Investigations of Ghana, Zimbabwe, Tanzania and South Africa.” In Migration and Agency in a Globalizing World, edited by Scarlett Cornelissen and Yoichi Mine, 6990. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu, Hong. 1998. “Old Linkages, New Networks: The Globalization of Overseas Chinese Voluntary Associations and Its Implications.” The China Quarterly (155): 582609. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000050001.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu, Hong. 2005. “New Migrants and the Revival of Overseas Chinese Nationalism.” Journal of Contemporary China 14 (43): 291316. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670560500065611.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu, Hong. 2018. “Transnational Asia and Regional Networks: Toward a New Political Economy of East Asia.” East Asian Community Review 1 (1–2): 3347. https://doi.org/10.1057/s42215-018-0003-7.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu, Hong, and Els van Dongen. 2016. “China’s Diaspora Policies as a New Mode of Transnational Governance.” Journal of Contemporary China 25 (102): 80521. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2016.1184894.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu, Jiaqi M. 2022a. “From ‘Sea Turtles’ to ‘Grassroots Ambassadors’: The Chinese Politics of Outbound Student Migration.” International Migration Review 56 (3): 70226. https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183211046572.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu, Jiaqi M. 2022b. “When Diaspora Politics Meet Global Ambitions: Diaspora Institutions amid China’s Geopolitical Transformations.” International Migration Review 56 (4): 125579. https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183211072824.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu Ya 刘娅. 2014. “Haiwai huawen jiaoyu chuyu zhuanxing shengji de guanjian jiedian 海外华教发展遇良机 讲好中国故事要从学中文开始 [Overseas Chinese Education is at a Critical Point of Transformation and Upgrading].” 12 December 2014. https://www.chinaqw.com/hwjy/2014/12-12/29604.shtml.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Louie, Andrea. 2004. Chineseness Across Borders: Renegotiating Chinese Identities in China and the United States. Durham: Duke University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lum, Alvin. 2019. “Chinese Ambassador Summoned in Lithuania over ‘Deplorable Behaviour’ by Officials During Vilnius’ Show of Support for Hong Kong Protesters.” South China Morning Post, 2 September 2019. https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3025417/chinese-ambassador-summoned-lithuania-over-deplorable.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • McKeown, Adam. 1999. “Conceptualizing Chinese Diasporas, 1842 to 1949.” The Journal of Asian Studies 58 (2): 30637. https://doi.org/10.2307/2659399.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Miles, Steven B. 2020. Chinese Diasporas: A Social History of Global Migration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  • Mügge, Liza. 2013. “Ideologies of Nationhood in Sending-State Transnationalism: Comparing Surinam and Turkey.” Ethnicities 13 (3): 33858. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796812451096.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Nathan, Andrew. 2003. “Authoritarian Resilience.” Journal of Democracy 14 (1): 617.

  • Nyíri, Pál. 2004. “Expatriating is Patriotic? The Discourse on ‘New Migrants’ in the People’s Republic of China and Identity Construction among Recent Migrants from the PRC.” In State/Nation/Transnation, edited by Brenda S. A. Yeoh and Katie Willis, 12043. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ong, Soon Keong. 2013. “‘Chinese, but Not Quite’: Huaqiao and the Marginalization of the Overseas Chinese.” Journal of Chinese Overseas 9 (1): 132. https://doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341247.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Phillips, Steven. 2013. “National Legitimacy and Overseas Chinese Mobilization.” Journal of Modern Chinese History 7 (1): 6486. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2013.780482.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ragazzi, Francesco. 2014. “A Comparative Analysis of Diaspora Policies.” Political Geography 41: 7489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2013.12.004.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ran Wenjuan 冉文娟. 2017. “Fang shijiu da daibiao Qiu Yuanping: zhuoyan ‘daqiaowu’ fahui ‘da zuowei’ 访十九大代表裘援平:着眼‘大侨务’发挥‘大作为’ [Interview with Representative Qiu Yuanping of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: Focusing on ‘Great Overseas Chinese Affairs’ to ‘Do Great Things’].” China News, 30 September 2017. http://www.chinanews.com/hr/2017/09-30/8344419.shtml.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ren, Na, and Hong Liu. 2022. “Southeast Asian Chinese Engage a Rising China: Business Associations, Institutionalised Transnationalism, and the Networked State.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 48 (4): 87393. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2021.1983952.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Roberts, Sean R. 2020. The War on the Uyghurs: China’s Internal Campaign against a Muslim Minority. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rolland, Nadège. 2020. China’s Vision for a New World Order. The National Bureau of Asian Research. https://www.nbr.org/publication/chinas-vision-for-a-new-world-order/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rotella, Sebastian. 2021. “Even on U.S. Campuses, China Cracks Down on Students Who Speak Out.” Propublica, 30 November 2021. https://www.propublica.org/article/even-on-us-campuses-china-cracks-down-on-students-who-speak-out.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Saich, Tony. 2020. “What Explains the Resilience of Chinese Communist Party Rule?The Brown Journal of World Affairs 27 (1): 10518.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schäfer, Carsten. 2019. “‘The Body Overseas, but the Heart Remains in China’?—China’s Diaspora Politics and Its Implications.” Border Crossings 9 (1): 2942. https://doi.org/10.33182/bc.v9i1.606.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Shambaugh, David. 2008. China’s Communist Party: Atrophy and Adaptation. Berkeley: University of California Press.

  • Shambaugh, David. 2023. “Becoming a Ganbu: China’s Cadre Training School System.” Journal of Contemporary China 32: 54058. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2022.2109008.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Shue, Vivienne. 2011. “The Political Economy of Compassion: China’s ‘Charity Supermarket’ Saga.” Journal of Contemporary China 20 (72): 75172. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2011.604493.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sier, Willy. 2021. “The Politics of Care during COVID-19: The Visibility of Anti-Virus Measures in Wuhan.” China Information 35 (3): 274300. https://doi.org/10.1177/0920203x211032370.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Siriphon, Aranya. 2016. “The Qiaoban, the PRC Influence and Nationalist Chinese in Northern Thai Borderland.” International Journal of Asian Studies 13 (1): 117. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479591415000200.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Soares, Laurentina “Mica” Barreto. 2019. “Overseas Chinese, Soft Power and China’s People-to-People Diplomacy in Timor-Leste.” In Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Timor-Leste, edited by Andrew McWilliam and Michael Leach, 31430. Abingdon: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sorace, Christian. 2021. “The Chinese Communist Party’s Nervous System: Affective Governance from Mao to Xi.” The China Quarterly 248: 2951. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741021000680.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sun, Wanning. 2020. “Vessels of Soft Power Going Out to Sea: Chinese Diasporic Media and the Politics of Allegiance.” In Soft Power with Chinese Characteristics, edited by Ying Zhu, Kingsley Edney, Stanley Rosen, and Joseph Nye, 8199. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sun, Wanning, John Fitzgerald, and Jia Gao. 2017. “From Multicultural Ethnic Migrants to the New Players of China’s Public Diplomacy.” In China’s Rise and the Chinese Overseas, edited by Bernard P. Wong and Tan Chee-Beng, 5574. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sun, Wanning, and Haiqing Yu, eds. 2022. WeChat and the Chinese Diaspora: Digital Transnationalism in the Era of China’s Rise. Oxon: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sun, Wanning, and Haiqing Yu, eds. 2023. Digital Transnationalism: Chinese-Language Media in Australia. Boston: Brill.

  • Suryadinata, Leo. 2017a. “Blurring the Distinction between Huaqiao and Huaren: China’s Changing Policy towards the Chinese Overseas.” Southeast Asian Affairs 2017: 10114. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814762878-009.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Suryadinata, Leo. 2017b. The Rise of China and the Chinese Overseas: A Study of Beijing’s Changing Policy in Southeast Asia and Beyond. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Suryadinata, Leo. 2020. “Beijing’s New Policy towards the Chinese Overseas: Some Reflections.” In Chineseness and Modernity in a Changing China: Essay in Honour of Professor Wang Gungwu, edited by Yongnian Zheng and Litao Zhao, 287302. Singapore: World Scientific Pub. Co. Inc.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • The Scholars at Risk Academic Freedom Monitoring Project. 2019. Obstacles to Excellence: Academic Freedom and China’s Quest for World-Class Universities. https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Scholars-at-Risk-Obstacles-to-Excellence_EN.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Thunø, Mette. 2001. “Reaching Out and Incorporating Chinese Overseas: The TransTerritorial Scope of the PRC by the End of the 20th Century.” The China Quarterly (168): 910929. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009443901000535.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Thunø, Mette. 2018. “China’s New Global Position: Changing Policies towards the Chinese Diaspora in the 21st Century.” In China’s Rise and the Chinese Overseas, edited by Bernard Wong and Chee-Beng Tan, 184208. New York: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Thunø, Mette, and Yiwen Wang. 2024. “China’s Smart Diaspora Governance: Extraterritorial Social Control through Digital Platforms.” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs. Online First. https://doi.org/10.1177/18681026241232998.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tran, Emilie, and Ya-Han Chuang. 2020. “Social Relays of China’s Power Projection? Overseas Chinese Collective Actions for Security in France.” International Migration 58 (3): 10117. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12627.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Truex, Rory. 2016. Making Autocracy Work: Representation and Responsiveness in Modern China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  • Tsourapas, Gerasimos. 2021. “Global Autocracies: Strategies of Transnational Repression, Legitimation, and Co-Optation in World Politics.” International Studies Review 23 (3): 61644. https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa061.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • van Dongen, Els. 2017. “Behind the Ties that Bind: Diaspora-Making and Nation-Building in China and India in Historical Perspective, 1850s–2010s.” Asian Studies Review 41 (1): 11735. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2016.1264363.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • von Soest, Christian, and Julia Grauvogel. 2017. “Identity, Procedures and Performance: How Authoritarian Regimes Legitimize Their Rule.” Contemporary Politics 23 (3): 287305. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2017.1304319.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Walder, Andrew G. 1995. “Career Mobility and the Communist Political Order.” American Sociological Review 60 (3): 309328. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096416.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wang, Cangbai. 2021. Museum Representations of Chinese Diasporas: Migration Histories and the Cultural Heritage of the Homeland. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003030058.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wang, Jiayu. 2017. “Representing Chinese Nationalism/Patriotism through President Xi Jinping’s ‘Chinese Dream’ Discourse.” Journal of Language & Politics 16 (6): 83048. https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.16028.wan.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wang, Zhengxu, and Jinghan Zeng. 2016. “Xi Jinping: The Game Changer of Chinese Elite Politics?Contemporary Politics 22 (4): 46986. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2016.1175098.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Weller, Robert P. 2012. “Responsive Authoritarianism and Blind-Eye Governance in China, 1989–2009.” In Socialism Vanquished, Socialism Challenged: Eastern Europe and China, 1989–2009, edited by Nina Bandelj and Dorothy J. Solinger, 83100. New York: Oxford University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wu, Jie, and Hanyu Chen. 2023. “Citizens’ Strategic Responses to Affective Governance in China.” China Information 37 (2): 229250. https://doi.org/10.1177/0920203x231168533.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Xi Jinping 习近平. 2021. “(Xianchang shilu) Xi Jinping: Zai qingzhu Zhongguo Gongchandang chengli yibai zhounian dahui shang de jianghua (现场实录)习近平:在庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年大会上的讲话 [(Live recording): Speech by Xi Jinping at the Celebration of the Centenary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China].” Xinhua News Agency, 1 July 2021. Accessed 19 July 2021. http://www.xinhuanet.com/2021-07/01/c_1127613765.htm.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Xiang, Biao. 2011. “A Ritual Economy of ‘Talent’: China and Overseas Chinese Professionals.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 37 (5): 82138. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2011.559721.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Xinhua News Agency. 2018. “Zhonggong zhongyang fayin ‘Shenhua dang he guojia jigou gaige fangan’ 中共中央印发《深化党和国家机构改革方案》 [The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Issues ‘Plan to Deepen the Reform of the Party-State Institutions’].” 21 March 2018. http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-03/21/c_1122570517.htm.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Xu Yousheng 许又声. 2018. “Guowuyuan guanyu huaqiao quanyi baohu gongzuo qingkuang de baogao (quan wen) 国务院关于华侨权益保护工作情况的报告(全文) [The Full Text of the State Council’s Report on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Overseas Chinese].” 26 April 2018. http://www.gqb.gov.cn/news/2018/0426/44797.shtml.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Yang, Hongxing, and Dingxin Zhao. 2015. “Performance Legitimacy, State Autonomy and China’s Economic Miracle.” Journal of Contemporary China 24 (91): 6482. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2014.918403.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Yuan Guowuyuan Qiaowu Bangongshi 原国务院侨务办公室. 2018. “Yuan Guowuyuan Qiaowu Bangongshi 2017 niandu bumen jiesuan 原国务院侨务办公室2017年度部门决算 [Annual Departmental Accounts for 2017 of the Former Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council].” 20 July 2018. http://www.gqb.gov.cn/news/2018/0720/45156.shtml.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhang Dongdong 张冬冬. 2022. “Chanshi ‘liudong’ yu ‘lianxi’—renlei mingyun gongtongti shi yu xia de sheqiao xinwen baodao yanjiu 阐释 ‘流动’ 与 ‘联系’—人类命运共同体视阈下的涉侨新闻报道研究 [Explaining ‘Flows’ and ‘Connections’: Research on Overseas Chinese News Reports from the Perspective of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind].” 侨务工作研究 (1). https://qwgzyj.gqb.gov.cn/yjytt/222/3549.shtml.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhang Xiuming 张秀明. 2021. “21 shiji yilai haiwai huaqiao huaren shehui de bianqian yu tedian tanxi 21世纪以来华侨华人社会的变迁与特点探析 [Changes and Characteristics of Chinese Overseas Society in the 21st Century].” 华侨华人历史研究 (1): 116.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhang, Yu. 2017. “CPC Members Encounter Obstacles while Trying to Establish Party Branches Overseas.” Global Times, 28 November 2017. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1077619.shtml.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhao Jian 赵健, ed. 2022. Zhongguo qiaowu gongzuo gailan 中国侨务工作概览 [Overview of the PRC’s Overseas Chinese Work]. Guangzhou: Jinan University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhonggong Zhongguo qiaolian dangzu 中共中国侨联党组. 2018. “Xin shidai qiaoliao gongzuo gaige chuangxin de genben zunxun 新时代侨联工作改革创新的根本遵循 [The Fundamental Principles of the Reform and Innovation of All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese Work in the New Era].” 17 August 2018. http://theory.people.com.cn/n1/2018/0817/c40531-30235809.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhonggong zhongyang 中共中央. 2021. “Zhongguo gongchandang tongyi zhanxian gongzuo tiaolie 中国共产党统一战线工作条例 [Regulations on the United Front Work of the Communist Party of China].” 6 January 2021. http://cpc.people.com.cn/n1/2021/0106/c64387-31990220.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhongyang zhengfu menhu wangzhan 中央政府门户网站. 2007. “Li Haifeng: Goujian hexie qiaoshe shì haiwai qiaobao gongtong qipan he zhuiqiu 李海峰: 构建和谐侨社是海外侨胞共同期盼和追求 [Li Haifeng: Building a Harmonious Overseas Chinese Community is the Shared Expectation and Pursuit of Overseas Chinese].” 21 June 2007. http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2007-06/21/content_656001.htm.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhuang Guotu 庄国土. 2020. “21 shiji qianqi haiwai huaqiao huaren shetuan fazhan de tedian pingxi 21世纪前提海外华侨华人社团发展的特点评析 [An Analysis of the Characteristics of the Overseas Chinese Associations in the Early 21st Century].” 南洋问题研究 (1): 5564. https://doi.org/10.14073/j.cnki.nywtyj.2020.01.005.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zweig, David. 2006. “Learning to Compete: China’s Efforts to Encourage a ‘Reverse Brain Drain.’” In Competing for Global Talent, edited by Eng Fong Pang, 187213. Paris: International Labour Organisation.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zweig, David, Kellee S. Tsai, and Alwyn Didar Singh. 2021. “Reverse Entrepreneurial Migration in China and India: The Role of the State.” World Development 138: 105192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105192.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Adamson, Fiona B. 2019. “Sending States and the Making of Intra-Diasporic Politics: Turkey and Its Diaspora(s).” International Migration Review 53 (1): 21036. https://doi.org/10.1177/0197918318767665.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Adamson, Fiona B., and Gerasimos Tsourapas. 2020. “The Migration State in the Global South: Nationalizing, Developmental, and Neoliberal Models of Migration Management.” International Migration Review 54 (3): 85382. https://doi.org/10.1177/0197918319879057.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Agence France-Presse. 2005. “Chinese Students Running Industrial ‘Spy Network’ across Europe: Report.” Space Daily, 11 May 2005. https://www.spacedaily.com/news/china-05zw.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Agnew, John A. 2003. Geopolitics: Re-Visioning World Politics. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.

  • Brand, Laurie A. 2006. Citizens Abroad: Emigration and the State in the Middle East and North Africa. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brooks, Rachel, and Johanna Waters. 2011. Student Mobilities, Migration and the Internationalization of Higher Education. New York: Springer.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • CPPNR (Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification) 中国统促会. 2020. “Haiwai tongcuhui qianglie kangyi meiguo jiang huashengdun zhongguo heping tongyi cujinhui liewei waiguo shituan 海外统促会强烈抗议美国将华盛顿中国和平统一促进会列为‘外国使团’ [The Overseas Reunification Promotion Council Strongly Protested that the United States Listed the Washington Branch as a ‘Foreign Mission’].” 2 November 2020. Accessed 3 March 2023. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/202011/t20201102_12304525.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Del Sordi, Adele. 2018. “Sponsoring Student Mobility for Development and Authoritarian Stability: Kazakhstan’s Bolashak Programme.” Globalizations 15 (2): 21531. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2017.1403780.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ding, Sheng. 2015. “Engaging Diaspora via Charm Offensive and Indigenised Communication: An Analysis of China’s Diaspora Engagement Policies in the Xi Era.” Politics 35 (3–4): 23044. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.12087.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ding, Sheng, and Rey Koslowski. 2017. “Chinese Soft Power and Immigration Reform: Can Beijing’s Approach to Pursuing Global Talent and Maintaining Domestic Stability Succeed?Journal of Chinese Political Science 22 (1): 97116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-016-9417-z.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • AFROC (All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese) 中国侨联. 2019. “Beijing Shi qiaolian zhaokai 2019 nian xungen zhizhilv xialingying zongjiehui 北京市侨联召开2019年‘寻根之旅’夏令营总结会 [Beijing Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese Held the Summary Meeting of the ‘Root-Finding Journey’ Summer Camp 2019].” 12 December 2019. Accessed 23 January 2020. http://www.chinaql.org/n1/2019/1212/c429045-31503666.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fish, Eric. 2020. “Were They Lost Students or Inept Spies for China?Foreign Policy (blog). 28 September 2020. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/28/china-lost-students-spies-michigan-florida-espionage-fears/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • FitzGerald, David Scott. 2008. A Nation of Emigrants: How Mexico Manages Its Migration. Berkeley: University of California Press.

  • Gamlen, Alan. 2019. Human Geopolitics: States, Emigrants, and the Rise of Diaspora Institutions. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

  • Gribble, Cate. 2008. “Policy Options for Managing International Student Migration: The Sending Country’s Perspective.” Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 30 (1): 2539. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600800701457830.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ho, Elaine Lynn-Ee. 2018. Citizens in Motion: Emigration, Immigration, and Re-Migration across China’s Borders. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Institute of International Education. n.d. “Economic Impact of International Students.” https://www.iie.org/Research-and-Insights/Open-Doors/Economic-Impact-of-International-Students. Accessed 5 October 2019.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kell, Peter, and Gillian Vogl. 2012. International Students in the Asia Pacific: Mobility, Risks and Global Optimism. New York: Springer Science & Business Media.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kelner, Shaul. 2012. Tours That Bind: Diaspora, Pilgrimage, and Israeli Birthright Tourism. New York: NYU Press.

  • King, Russell, and Parvati Raghuram. 2013. “International Student Migration: Mapping the Field and New Research Agendas.” Population, Space and Place 19 (2): 12737. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.1746.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lee, Francis. 2020. “Solidarity in the Anti-Extradition Bill Movement in Hong Kong.” Critical Asian Studies 52 (1): 1832. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2020.1700629.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lieberthal, Kenneth. 1992. “Introduction: The ‘Fragmented Authoritarianism’ Model and Its Limitations.” In Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China, edited by Kenneth Lieberthal and David M. Lampton, 131. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu, Jiaqi M. 2021. “Citizenship on the Move: The Deprivation and Restoration of Emigrants’ Hukou in China.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 47 (3): 55774. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1788381.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu, Jiaqi M. 2022a. “From ‘Sea Turtles’ to ‘Grassroots Ambassadors’: The Chinese Politics of Outbound Student Migration.” International Migration Review 56 (3): 70226. https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183211046572.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu, Jiaqi M. 2022b. “Diasporic Placemaking: The Internationalisation of a Migrant Hometown in Post-Socialist China.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 48 (1): 20927. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1860741.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu, Jiaqi M. 2022c. “When Diaspora Politics Meet Global Ambitions: Diaspora Institutions amid China’s Geopolitical Transformations.” International Migration Review 56 (4): 125579. https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183211072824.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu, Jiaqi M., and Rui Jie Peng. 2023. “Mobility Repertoires: How Chinese Overseas Students Overcame Pandemic-Induced Immobility.” International Migration Review 58 (2): 545572. https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183231170835.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Louie, Andrea. 2004. Chineseness across Borders: Renegotiating Chinese Identities in China and the United States. Durham: Duke University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ma, Yingyi. 2020. Ambitious and Anxious: How Chinese College Students Succeed and Struggle in American Higher Education. New York: Columbia University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Mahieu, Rilke. 2019. “Competing Origin-Country Perspectives on Emigrant Descendants: Moroccan Diaspora Institutions’ Policy Views and Practices Regarding the ‘Next Generation Abroad.’International Migration Review 53 (1): 183209. https://doi.org/10.1177/0197918318768556.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Naujoks, Daniel. 2013. Migration, Citizenship, and Development: Diasporic Membership Policies and Overseas Indians in the United States. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Nye, Joseph. 1990. Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power. New York: Basic Books.

  • Osaki, Tomohiro. 2020. “Japan Boosts Screening of Chinese Students amid Fears of Campus Espionage.” The Japan Times, October 15, 2020. Accessed 27 December 2020. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/10/15/national/crime-legal/japan-chinese-students-campus-espionage/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Pompeo, Michael. 2020. “Designation of the National Association for China’s Peaceful Unification (NACPU) as a Foreign Mission of the PRC.” United States Department of State (blog), 28 October 2020. Accessed 3 November 2020. https://www.state.gov/designation-of-the-national-association-for-chinas-peaceful-unification-nacpu-as-a-foreign-mission-of-the-prc/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Quan, Douglas. 2019. “‘Significant and Clear’ Threat: What Canada’s Spy Chief Says about China behind Closed Doors.” National Post, 13 August 2019. Accessed 17 December 2020. https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/significant-and-clear-threat-what-canadas-spy-chief-says-about-china-behind-closed-doors.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Reuters. 2017. “Taiwan Detains Chinese Student in Unusual Suspected Spying Case.” 10 March 2017. Accessed 10 June 2021. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-china-students-idUSKBN16H13T.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Robertson, Shanthi. 2013. Transnational Student-Migrants and the State: The Education-Migration Nexus. London: Palgrave Macmillan Limited.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Saxenian, AnnaLee. 2005. “From Brain Drain to Brain Circulation: Transnational Communities and Regional Upgrading in India and China.” Studies in Comparative International Development 40 (2): 3561. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02686293.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sheffer, Gabriel. 2003. Diaspora Politics: At Home Abroad. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

  • Thunø, Mette. 2001. “Reaching Out and Incorporating Chinese Overseas: The TransTerritorial Scope of the PRC by the End of the 20th Century.” The China Quarterly 168 (December): 91029. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009443901000535.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Thunø, Mette. 2017. “China’s New Global Position: Changing Policies toward the Chinese Diaspora in the Twenty-First Century.” In China’s Rise and the Chinese Overseas, edited by Bernard Wong and Chee-Beng Tan, 184208. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315231952-11.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tsourapas, Gerasimos. 2018. The Politics of Migration in Modern Egypt: Strategies for Regime Survival in Autocracies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • UFWD (United Front Work Department) 统战部. 2012. “Haiwai tongyi zhanxian gongzuo 海外统一战线工作 [Overseas United Front Work].” News of the Communist Party of China, 21 August 2012. Accessed 5 June 2020. http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64107/65708/65722/4444411.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • UFWD (United Front Work Department) 统战部. 2014. “Haiwai tongzhan gongzuo de youlai 海外统战工作的由来 [The Origin of the Overseas United Front Work].” News of the United Front Work Department, 4 May 2014. Accessed 5 June 2020. http://tyzx.people.cn/n/2014/0504/c372202-24971747.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • UNESCO. n.d. “Education: Outbound Internationally Mobile Students by Host Region.” Accessed 8 March 2020. http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?queryid=172.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Waterbury, M. 2010. Between State and Nation: Diaspora Politics and Kin-State Nationalism in Hungary. New York: Springer.

  • Xi Jinping. [2012] 2015. The Governance of China. Vol. 1. Beijing: Shanghai Press.

  • Xiang, Biao. 2011. “A Ritual Economy of ‘Talent’: China and Overseas Chinese Professionals.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 37 (5): 82138. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2011.559721.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Yan Xiaojun, and Li La. 2023. “Propaganda beyond State Borders: The Deployment of Symbolic Resources to Mobilize Political Support among the Chinese Diaspora.” The Pacific Review 36 (3): 43362. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2021.1968020.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhao, Suisheng. 2019. “Projection of China’s Soft Power in the New Century: Reconstruction of the Traditional Chinese World Order.” In Soft Power with Chinese Characteristics: China’s Campaign for Hearts and Minds, edited by Kingsley Edney, Stanley Rosen, and Ying Zhu, 2544. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhou, Min, and Xiangyi Li. 2018. “Remittances for Collective Consumption and Social Status Compensation: Variations on Transnational Practices among Chinese International Migrants.” International Migration Review 52 (1): 442. https://doi.org/10.1111/imre.12268.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zweig, David, and Huiyao Wang. 2013. “Can China Bring Back the Best? The Communist Party Organizes China’s Search for Talent.” The China Quarterly 215 (September): 590615. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741013000751.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Alonso, Alexandra Délano, and Harris Mylonas. 2019. “The Microfoundations of Diaspora Politics: Unpacking the State and Disaggregating the Diaspora.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45 (4): 47391. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1409160.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Barabantseva, Elena, and Tao Wang. 2020. “Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Chinese Citizens Abroad.” In Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond (Vol. 3), edited by Jean-Michel Lafleur and Daniela Vintila, 93108. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_5.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Beltrán, Joaquín Antolín. 2003. Los ocho inmortales cruzan el mar: Chinos en extremo occidente [The Eight Immortals Cross the Sea: Chinese at the Extreme West]. Barcelona: Edicions bellaterra.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Benton, Gregor, and Frank N. Pieke, eds. 1998. The Chinese in Europe. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

  • Bofulin, Martina. 2016. Daleč doma: Migracije iz Ljudske republike Kitajske v Slovenijo [Home Away from Home: Migration from PRC China to Slovenia]. Ljubljana: Založba ZRC SAZU.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bofulin, Martina. 2021. “Chinese Migrants and COVID-19 Pandemic.” Global Dialogue, 21 February 2021. https://globaldialogue.isa-sociology.org/articles/chinese-migrants-and-COVID-19-pandemic.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bofulin, Martina. 2022. Qiaoxiang 2.0: PRC and Diaspora Governance at the Local Level.” China Perspectives 131: 715. https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.14313.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ceccagno, Antonella, and Mette Thunø. 2022. “Digitized Diaspora Governance during the COVID-19 Pandemic: China’s Diaspora Mobilization and Chinese Migrant Responses in Italy.” Global Networks 23: 90105. https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12389.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • CSET (Center for Security and Emerging Technology). 2020. “Report to the State Council on Work to Protect the Rights and Interests of Overseas Chinese (Translation).” https://cset.georgetown.edu/research/report-to-the-state-council-on-work-to-protect-the-rights-and-interests-of-overseas-chinese/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chen, Shimin, Zheng Sun, Song Tang Song, and Donghui Wu. 2011. “Government Intervention and Investment Efficiency: Evidence from China.” Journal of Corporate Finance 17 (2): 25971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2010.08.004.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chen, Ta. 1940. Emigrant Communities in South China: A Study of Overseas Migration and Its Influence on the Standard of Living and Social Change. New York: Institute of Pacific Relations.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Christiansen, Flemming. 2003. Chinatown Europe: An Exploration of Overseas Chinese Identity in the 1990s. London: Routledge Curzon.

  • Cohen, Jeffrey H., and Ibrahim Sirkeci. 2011. Cultures of Migration: The Global Nature of Contemporary Mobility. Austin: University of Texas Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cologna, Daniele Brigadoi. 2017. “Un secolo di cinesi a Milano.” In Chinamen. Un secolodi cinesi a Milano, edited by Ciaj Rocchi and Mateo Demonte, 15781. Turin: Becco Giallo.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Daum, Jeremy. 2022. “Overseas Police Stations?: A Clearer Look.” China Law Translate, 3 November 2022. https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/overseas-police-stations-a-clearer-look/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Decode. 2022. “How the Chinese Police Set Up a Station in an Italian Town.” Decode, 7 September 2022. https://decode39.com/4217/china-police-station-prato-italy/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ding, Sheng. 2015. “Engaging Diaspora via Charm Offensive and Indigenised Communication: An Analysis of China’s Diaspora Engagement Policies in the Xi Era.” Politics 35 (3–4): 23044. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.12087.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Douw, Leo. 1999. The Chinese Sojourner Discourse. In Qiaoxiang Ties: Interdisciplinary Approaches to “Cultural Capitalism” in South China, edited by Leo Douw, Cen Huang, and Michael Godley, 2244. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fahrion, Georg. 2022. “A Visit to the City Responsible for China’s Police Stations in Europe.” Spiegel International, 14 December 2022. https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spying-on-chinese-living-abroad-a-visit-to-the-city-responsible-for-china-s-police-stations-in-europe-a-205f4fca-f260-4861-aaf1-70a7616b5584.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gamlen, Alan. 2006. “Diaspora Engagement Policies: What Are They, and What Kinds of States Use Them?Compas Working Papers (No. 32). https://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/2006/wp-2006-032-gamlen_diaspora_engagement_policies/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gamlen, Alan. 2008. “The Emigration State and the Modern Geopolitical Imagination.” Political Geography 27 (8): 84056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2008.10.004.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gao, Xiang, and Tan Jie. 2020. “From Web to Weber: Understanding the Case of ‘One-Go at Most’ as ICT-Driven Government Reform in Contemporary China.” China Review 20 (3): 7198. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26928112.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Giuffrida, Angela. 2022. “Italy Home to 11 of 100-Plus Unofficial Chinese ‘Police Stations.’Guardian, 5 December 2022. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/05/italy-home-11-unofficial-chinese-police-stations-world.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Glasius, Marlies. 2018. Extraterritorial Authoritarian Practices: A Framework. Globalizations 15 (2): 17997. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2017.1403781.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Global Times. 2020. “Community Grid System Helps China Fight Virus.” 5 February 2020. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1178528.shtml.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Guo, Boya. 2023. “Critical Chinese Copying as an Interrogation of the Hegemony of Authenticity.” In Understanding Authenticity in China’s Cultural Heritage, edited by Anke Hein and Christopher Foster, 12338. Milton Park, NY: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003290834-11.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • de Haas, Hans. 2010. “Migration and Development: A Theoretical Perspective.” The International Migration Review 44 (1): 22764. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20681751.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Habich-Sobiegalla, Sabrina, and Franziska Plümmer. 2022. “Topologies of Power in China’s Grid-Style Social Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” SSRN, 28 March 2022. Originally presented at Sixth Annual Chinese Politics Mini-Conference, 2 October 2021. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3888120.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hickey, Maureen, Elaine Lynn-Ele Ho, and Brenda S.A. Yeoh. 2015. “Introduction to the Special Section on Establishing State-Led ‘Diaspora Strategies’ in Asia: Migration-as-Development Reinvented?Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 26 (2): 13946. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12101.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hou Zhiqiang 侯志强, Ye Xincai 叶新才, Chen Jinhua 陈金华, and Fang Xuhong 方旭红. 2018. Huaqiao huaren yu qiaoxiang fazhan 华侨华人与侨乡发展 [Overseas Chinese and the Development of the Hometowns of Overseas Chinese]. Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Huang Jing 黄静. 2003. “Chaoshan yu Zhongguo chuantong qiaoxiang: Yige guanyu yimin jingyan de leixing xue fenxi潮汕与中国传统侨乡: 一个关于移民经验的类型学分析 [Chaoshan and Chinese Traditional Hometowns of Overseas Chinese: The Typology of the Migrant Experience].” Huaqiao huaren lishi yanjiu 1: 2436.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jemec, Sebastjan. 2019. “Entrapped Overseas: Rethinking Transnational Return Migration in a Fujian County.” Unpublished research report, Xiamen University.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kang, Tingyu. 2016. “The Digitization of Diaspora Engagement: Managing Extraterritorial Talent Using the Internet.” Global Networks 17 (4): 53753. https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12151.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Leung, Maggi W.H. 2015. “Engaging a Temporal-Spatial Stretch: An Inquiry into the Role of the State in Cultivating and Claiming the Chinese Knowledge Diaspora.” Geoforum 59: 18796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.06.008.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Levitt, Peggy. 1998. “Social Remittances: Migration Driven Local-Level Forms of Cultural Diffusion.” The International Migration Review 32 (4): 92648. https://doi.org/10.2307/2547666.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Li Minghuan. 1999. “‘To Get Rich Quickly in Europe!’ Reflections on Migration Motivation in Wenzhou.” In Internal and International Migration: Chinese Perspectives, edited by Frank N. Pieke and Mallee Hein, 18199. Surrey: Curzon Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Li Minghuan. 2013. “The Chinese in Europe: Population, Economy and Links with Qiaoxiang in the Early Twenty-First Century.” In Routledge Handbook of the Chinese Diaspora, edited by Tan Chee Beng, 26173. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lin Lin 林琳. 2017. “Oumei fengge dui Huaqiao tese chengzhen jianshe de yingxiang—yi Qingtian Ouzhou xiao zhen jianshe wei li 欧美风格对华侨特色城镇建设的影响—以青田欧洲小镇建设为例 [The Influence of European and American Styles on the Construction of Towns with Overseas Chinese Characteristics—Taking Construction of Qingtian’s European Town as an Example].” Yejin Congkan 1: 24754.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lin, Sheng, and Trent Bax. 2015. “A Pollution Incident at a Qiaoxiang Village in China: The Role of Migration in Civic Organization and Political Participation.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 38 (10): 174159. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2015.1015586.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu, Hong, and Els van Dongen. 2016. “China’s Diaspora Policies as a New Mode of Transnational Governance.” Journal of Contemporary China 25 (102): 80521. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2016.1184894.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu, Jiaqi M. 2020. “Diasporic Placemaking: The Internationalisation of a Migrant Hometown in Post-Socialist China.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 48 (1): 20927. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1860741.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Liu, Jiaqi M. 2022. “When Diaspora Politics Meet Global Ambitions: Diaspora Institutions amid China’s Geopolitical Transformations.” International Migration Review 56 (4): 125579. https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183211072824.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Michaelsen, Marcus. 2018. “Exit and Voice in a Digital Age: Iran’s Exiled Activists and the Authoritarian State.” Globalizations 15 (2): 24864. Https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2016.1263078.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Mingxi Government Portal 三明市明溪县人民政府. 2021. “Mingxi xian zuo hao ‘san pian wenzhang’ tisheng chengqu jian guan shuiping 明溪县做好 ‘三篇文章’ 提升城区建管水平 [Mingxi County Carries Out ‘the Three Articles’ to Improve the Level of Urban Construction and Management].” 27 August 2021. Accessed 12 August 2023. http://www.fjmx.gov.cn/zwgk/szjs/202108/t20210827_1699534.htm.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Moss, Dana M. 2018. “The Ties that Bind: Internet Communication Technologies, Networked Authoritarianism, and ‘Voice’ in the Syrian Diaspora.” Globalizations 15 (2): 26582. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2016.1263079.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Negro, Gianluigi, and Lala Hu. 2022. “WeChat as a Digital Bridge for the Chinese Community in Italy?” In WeChat and the Chinese Diaspora: Digital Transnationalism in the Era of China’s Rise, edited by Wanning Sun and Haiqing Yu, 7994. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Pengpai xinwen 澎湃新闻. 2020. “Zhejiang sheng qiao jie ‘shi jie’ 4; Chen Jian: Ba shijie ‘ban’; hui Zhejiang 浙江省侨界 ‘十杰’ ④| 陈坚:把世界‘搬回浙 [‘Ten Outstanding’ Overseas Chinese in Zhejiang Province ④| Chen Jian: ‘Move’ the World Back to Zhejiang].” 28 October 2020. Accessed 23 August 2023. https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_9757924.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Pengpai xinwen 澎湃新闻. 2021. “Fuzhou zhong yuan quanmian tuijin minshi susong chengxu fan jian fenliugaige shidian gongzuo 福州中院全面推进民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点工作 [The Fuzhou Intermediate Court Promotes Pilot Reform to Simplify Complicated Procedures].” 14 January 2021. Accessed 12 August 2023. https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_10791504.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Provincial Government of Jilin. 2021. “International Trade ‘New Silk Road’ Construction Project of Meihekou City.” 27 April 2021. Accessed 1 October 2021. http://www.jl.gov.cn/szfzt/tzcj/zdxm/english/fwyjqt/202104/t20210427_8048121.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Qingtian.gov.cn 青田人民政府. 2021. “Huaqiao zhe xiang – Qingtian 华侨之乡—青田 [Hometown of Overseas Chinese—Qingtian].” 6 September 2021. Accessed 22 January 2023. http://www.qingtian.gov.cn/art/2021/9/6/art_1229366331_485055.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Qingtian huaqiao shi bianzuan weiyuanhui 青田华侨史编纂委员会编. 2011. Qingtian huaqiao shi 青田华侨史 [Qingtian’s Overseas Chinese History]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Renmin Chubanshe.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Qingtian you 青田游. 2017. “Xishi jianzhu li baowei de Zhongguo xin 西式建筑里包围的中国心 [Western Buildings with Chinese Heart].” 1: 4.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Qingtian wang 青田网. 2018a. “Qingtian xian ‘qiao haitong’ kuajing shipin fuwu zhongxin zhengshi kaitong 青田县“侨海通”跨境视频服务中心正式开通 [Qingtian County ‘Chinese Overseas Communication’ Cross-Border Video Service Officially Open].” 30 August 2018. Accessed 17 May 2023. https://www.zgqt.zj.cn/201882/201992/202305/t20230508_132077.shtml.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Qingtian wang 青田网. 2018b. “Qingtian jingqiao yizhan haiwai fuwu zhongxin zhengshi qidong 青田警侨驿站海外服务中心正式启动 [Qingtian Overseas Police Station Service Centre Officially Launched].” 30 September 2018. Accessed 16 May 2020. http://www.zgqt.zj.cn/5264668.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Qingtian wang 青田网. 2019. “Zhejiang Qingtian ‘Yidong wei fayuan’ qiaomiao huajie huaqiao jiufen 浙江青田“移动微法院”巧妙化解华侨纠纷 [Qingtian, Zhejiang’s ‘Mobile Court’ Cleverly Solves Problems of Overseas Chinese].” 19 June 2019. Accessed 15 April 2021. http://www.zgqt.zj.cn/qtzjjjhxq/6872088.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Qingtian wang 青田网. 2020a. “@Qingtian Huaqiao, ren zai haiwai keyi jiaona shebaofei la! @青田华侨, 人在海外也可以缴纳社保费啦! [@Qingtian Overseas Chinese, People Abroad Can Also Pay Social Insurance Premiums!].” 23 March 2020. Accessed 16 May 2020. http://www.zgqt.zj.cn/qtzjjjhxq/7091828.htm.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • QTICC. 2021. “Zhejiang Qingtian Imported Commodity City: About Us.” Accessed 12 October 2021. http://www.qticc.com/aboutus/17.html.

  • Renmin fayuanbao 人民法院报. 2020. “Dazao haiwaiban ‘Fenqiao jingyan’ Zhejiang Qingtian sheqiao kuajing jiufen duoyuan huajie 打造海外版枫桥经验浙江青田涉侨跨境纠纷多元化解 [Creating Overseas ‘Fengqiao Experience’—Zhejiang’s Qingtian Overseas Transnational Dispute Resolution].” 29 October 2020. Accessed 5 June 2021. http://www.court.gov.cn/zixun-xiangqing-267251.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Renmin ribao haiwai ban 人民日报海外版. 2020. “Qingtian yongxin jiejue haiwai huaqiao huaren ‘xintou xiaoshi’; ‘e-juzhen’ chuan qi haiwai xiangqin xiangqing 青田用心解决海外华侨华人‘心头小事’‘e矩阵’串起海外乡亲乡情 [Qingtian Solves ‘Little Problems’ of Overseas Chinese; ‘e-Matrix’ Strings Up the Feelings of Compatriots].” 28 July 2020. Accessed 7 February 2021. http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2020-07/28/content_2000043.htm.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Reuters. 2020. “China Urges Overseas Chinese to Stay Away as Imported Virus Cases Rise.” 3 March 2020. Accessed 30 June 2023. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-china-toll-idUKKBN20Q01V.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Safeguard Defenders. 2022a. “110 Overseas: Chinese Transnational Policing Gone Wild.” Accessed 19 January 2023. https://safeguarddefenders.com/sites/default/files/pdf/110%20Overseas%20%28v5%29.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Safeguard Defenders. 2022b. “Patrol and Persuade.” Accessed 19 January 2023. https://safeguarddefenders.com/sites/default/files/pdf/Patrol%20and%20Persuade%20v2.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sina.com. 2018. “Ta shi li Ouzhou ‘zui jin’ de Zhongguo xian cheng, sicang wuxiang fengguang he youren meishi! 它是离欧洲‘最近’的中国县城,私藏无限风光和诱人美食! [It’s the Closest County Town to Europe with Its Infinite Scenery and Tempting Delicacies!].” 9 February 2018. Accessed 16 October 2021. http://k.sina.com.cn/article_6434283193_17f835eb90010038up.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Thunø, Mette. 1999. “Moving Stones from China to Europe: The Dynamics of Emigration from Zhejiang to Europe.” In Internal and International Migration: Chinese Perspectives, edited by Frank N. Pieke and Hein Mallee, 15980. Surrey: Curzon Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Thunø, Mette. 2001. “Reaching Out and Incorporating Chinese Overseas: The Trans-Territorial Scope of the PRC by the End of the 20th Century.” The China Quarterly 168: 91029. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009443901000535.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Thunø, Mette. 2018. “China’s New Global Position: Changing Policies toward the Chinese Diaspora in the Twenty-First Century.” In China’s Rise and the Chinese Overseas, edited by Bernard Wong and Chee-Beng Tan, 184208. London: Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • To, James Jian Hua. 2014. Qiaowu: Extra-Territorial Policies for the Overseas Chinese. Leiden: Brill.

  • Vanolo, Alberto. 2008. “The Image of the Creative City: Some Reflections on Urban Branding in Turin.” Cities 25 (6): 37082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2008.08.001.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wang, Cangbai. 2017. “Heritage as Theatre: Reconceptualizing Heritage-Making in Urban China.” China Information 31 (2): 195215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0920203X17709916.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wenzhou AFROC 温州侨联. 2016. “Wencheng xian Oulu fengqing jie longzhong kaiye 文成县欧陆风情街隆重开业 [Grand Opening of the Wencheng County’s European Style Street].” Accessed 13 October 2021. http://www.wzsql.com/system/2016/01/20/012246778.shtml.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Xu Hui 徐辉, and Baoyong Hu 胡保永. 2022. Haiwai Qingtian huiliu moshi yanjiu – yi Zhejiang Qingtian jinchukou shangpin cheng wei li 海外青田华侨回流模式研究—以浙江青田进出口商品城为例 [Research on Qingtian’s Overseas Chinese Pattern of Returned Financial Flows—The Case of Qingtian Imported Commodity City]. 五邑大学学报 社会科学版 24 (4): 712.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Yang, Yuan. 2022. “China’s Offshore ‘Police Service Stations’ Spark European Alarm.” Financial Times, 14 November 2022. https://www.ft.com/content/147ce066-cc5b-4af6-98cd-9ba39eb29829.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Yow, Cheun Hoe. 2007. “Detraditionalized and Renewed Qiaoxiang Areas: Case Studies of Panyu and Wenzhou in the Reform Period since 1978.” In Beyond Chinatown: New Chinese Migration and the Global Expansion of China, edited by Mette Thunø, 83114. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Yow, Cheun Hoe. 2013. Guangdong and Chinese Diaspora: The Changing Landscape of Qiaoxiang. Abingdon: Routledge.

  • Zhang, Xiuming. 2007. “Remittances, Donations and Investments in Qingtian County since 1978.” In Beyond Chinatown: New Chinese Migration and the Global Expansion of China, edited by Mette Thunø, 6781. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhejiang AFROC. 2018. “Quanguo qiaolian xitong xianjin gongzuo zhe—Ye Yiqing 全国侨联系统先进工作者—叶毅青 [The Advanced Worker of ACFROC—Ye Yijin].” 30 August 2018. Accessed 12 August 2023. http://www.zjsql.com.cn/index.php?m=special&c=index&a=show&id=1510.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhejiang China Daily. 2018. “Zhejiang Strives for High Efficiency in Administrative Services.” 23 April 2018. Accessed 27 January 2022. http://zhejiang.chinadaily.com.cn/2018-04/23/c_220386.htm.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zhonggong Qingtian xianwei bangongshi 中共青田县委办公室. 2022. Qingtian zhengyan 青田政研 [Qingtian Policy Research]. Unpublished working version.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Zweig, David, Siqin Kang, and Huiyao Wang. 2020. “‘The Best Are Yet to Come’: State Programs, Domestic Resistance, and Reverse Migration of High-Level Talent to China.” Journal of Contemporary China 29 (125): 77691. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2019.1705003.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

Metrics

All Time Past 365 days Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 575 575 330
Full Text Views 7 7 4
PDF Views & Downloads 0 0 0