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Annie Barbara Hazviyemurwi Chikwanha
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  • African Union 2007. African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance. Addis Ababa: African Union.

  • African Union 2015. Agenda 2063. The Africa We Want. Addis Ababa: African Union.

  • African Union 2022a. ‘Accra Declaration on Unconstitutional Changes of Government in Africa’. Accra, 17 March. URL: <https://www.peaceau.org/uploads/eng-declaration-on-unconstitutional-changes-of-government-in-africa-15-17-march-2022.pdf> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2022b. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 25 August. URL: <https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20220825/citizens-engagement-strategy-will-mainstream-engagement-african-citizens> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2023a. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 15 May. URL: <https://au.int/fr/node/42784> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

  • African Union 2023b. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 11 July. URL: <https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20230711/strategic-reflection-african-governance-platform> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2023c. ‘The Democratic Governance Roadshow. “Promoting good governance, human rights and justice in Africa.” September 2023–September 2024’ [Addis Ababa], 12 September. URL: <https://au.int/en/DGRoadshow> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2023d. ‘12th High-Level Dialogue on Human Rights, Democracy and Governance in Africa’ [Addis Ababa], 3 October. URL: <https://au.int/en/newsevents/20231003/12th-high-level-dialogue-human-rights-democracy-and-governance-africa> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2024. ‘List of Countries Which Have Signed, Ratified/Acceded to the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance’, Addis Ababa, 14 February. URL: <https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/36384-sl-African_Charter_on_Democracy_Elections_and_Governance_0.pd> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • APRM 2023a. ‘2023 APRM Day Statement “20 years of Promoting Good Governance and Democracy as well as Encouraging Peer Learning and Experience Sharing in Africa”’ [Midrand (Johannesburg)], 8 March. URL: <https://aprm.au.int/en/news/statements/2023-03-08/2023-aprm-day-statement> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • APRM 2023b. ‘Press Release’ [Midrand (Johannesburg)], 27 June. URL: <https://aprm.au.int/en/news/press-releases/2023-06-27/targeted-review-support-mission-state-resilience-food-security-and> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • APRM 2023c. ‘HLPF 2023’ [Midrand (Johannesburg)], 18 July. URL: <https://aprm.au.int/en/events/2023-07-18/hlpf2023> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • APRM 2023d. ‘Press Release’ [Midrand (Johannesburg)], 14 September. URL: <https://aprm.au.int/en/news/press-releases/2023-09-14/egypt-hosts-fourth-annual-meeting-aprm-community-practice> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • APRM 2023e. ‘Press Release’ [Midrand (Johannesburg)], 6 December. URL: <https://aprm.au.int/en/news/press-releases/2023-12-06/united-republic-tanzania-hosts-second-steering-committees-technical> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • APRM 2023f. Africa Governance Report 2023. Unconstitutional Changes of Government in Africa. Midrand (Johannesburg): African Peer Review Mechanism.

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  • APRM 2024. ‘African Peer Review Mechanism. About’. Midrand (Johannesburg): African Peer Review Mechanism. URL: <https://aprm.au.int> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • APRM and UNECA 2023. Africa Sovereign Credit Rating Review, 2023 Year-End Outlook. 8th ed., Midrand (Johannesburg): African Peer Review Mechanism and UN Economic Commission for Africa (= Report No. G&SR–CRA05/2023).

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  • AU Assembly 2010. ‘Decision on the Theme, Date and Venue of the Sixteenth Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the African Union’. 15th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Kampala, Uganda, 25–27 July. Assembly/AU/Dec.304 (XV).

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  • AU Assembly 2011. ‘Declaration on the Theme of the Summit: “Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values”’. 16th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 30–31 January. Assembly/AU/Decl.1 (XVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2019. ‘Decision on the State of Governance in Africa’. 32nd Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10–11 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.720 (XXXII).

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  • AU Assembly 2023a. ‘Decision on the Reports of the Forum of Heads of State and Government Participating in the African Peer Review Mechanism (APR Forum) by H.E. Julius Maad Bio, President of the Republic of Sierra Leone and Chairperson of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM)’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.851 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023b. ‘Decision on the Report of H.E. Paul Kagame, President of the Republic of Rwanda, on the AUDA-NEPAD Heads of State and Government Orientation Committee (HSGOC)’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.852 (XXXVII).

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  • AU Council 2023a. ‘Decision on the Reports of the Sub-Committees of the Permanent Representatives’ Committee (PRC)’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1189 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023b. ‘Decision on the Activity Report of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR)’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1196 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023c. ‘Decision on the Activity Report of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (AfCHPR) including Outcome of the PRC-AfCHPR Retreat held in Arusha, Tanzania, March 2022) [sic!]. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1197 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023d. ‘Decision on the Report of the Pan African Parliament (PAP) including Outcome of the PRC-PAP Retreat held in Johannesburg, South Africa, December 2022’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1198 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023e. ‘Decision on the Activity Report of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council (ECOSOCC)’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1199 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023f. ‘Decision on the Report of the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACERWC).’ 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1201 (XLII).

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  • AU PSC 2023a. ‘Communiqué’. 1165th PSC meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 31 July. PSC/PR/COMM.1165 (2023).

  • AU PSC 2023b. ‘Communiqué’. 1167th PSC meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 11 August. PSC/PR/COMM.1167 (2023).

  • AU PSC 2024. ‘Communiqué’. 1194th PSC meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 24 January. PSC/PR/COMM.1194 (2024).

  • GIZ 2023. ‘Strengthening Good Governance & Human Rights in Africa – AGA: Footprint of Success, Addis Ababa: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH.

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  • Mo Ibrahim Foundation 2023. Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG). London: Mo Ibrahim Foundation.

  • NEPAD and APRM 2023. Kenya National Governance Report. Nairobi: NEPAD/APRM Kenya Secretariat.

  • PAP 2023a. Pan-African Parliament Strategic Plan, 2019–2023. Midrand (Johannesburg): Pan-African Parliament, 12 April.

  • PAP 2023b. ‘Press Release’ [Midrand (Johannesburg)], 14 June. ULR: <https://pap.au.int/en/news/press-releases/2023-06-14/aga-sp-stakeholders-consultation-meeting-reviews-strategic-direction> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • UNECA 2023. ‘Africa Renewal. African Regulators Urged to Supervise Credit Rating Agencies’, Africa Renewal, Addis Ababa, 4 August. URL: <https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/august-2023/african-regulators-urged-supervise-credit-rating-agencies> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • Abdulai, Emmanuel Saffa 2023. Electoral Politics, Laws and Ethnicity in Africa. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland (imprint: Palgrave Macmillan).

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  • Akinola, Adeoye O. (ed.) 2023. Contemporary Issues on Governance, Conflict and Security in Africa. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland (imprint: Palgrave Macmillan).

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  • Cavatorta, Francesco and Valeria Resta (eds.) 2023. Routledge Handbook on Elections in the Middle East and North Africa. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

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  • Chari, Tendai and Patrick Dzimiri (eds.) 2023. Military, Politics and Democratization in Southern Africa: The Quest for Political Transition. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland (imprint: Springer).

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  • Gerenge, Robert 2023. ‘The role of the African Union in tackling democratic recession in Africa’, South African Journal of International Affairs 30 (3): 569584.

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  • Goodfellow, Tom and David Jackman (eds.) 2023. Controlling the Capital: Political Dominance in the Urbanizing World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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  • Ile, Isioma and Omolulu Fagbadebo (eds.) 2023. Democracy and Political Governance in South Africa: The African Peer Review Mechanism. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland (imprint: Springer).

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  • Mwaba, Anna Kapambwe 2023. ‘African Agency in Democracy Promotion: The African Union and Election Observation in Malawi’, Journal of Southern African Studies 49 (2): 247263.

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  • Nyinevi, Christopher and Richard Fosu 2023. ‘The African Union’s Prohibition of Unconstitutional Changes of Government: An Uneasy Choice between Fidelity to Principle and Pragmatism’, African Security 16 (1): 95119.

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  • Okeja, Uchenna B. (eds.) 2023. Routledge Handbook of African Political Philosophy. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

  • Wahman, Michael 2023. Controlling Territory, Controlling Voters. The Electoral Geography of African Campaign Violence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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  • ACCORD 2023. ‘ACCORD and APRM lead dialogue on the rise in unconstitutional changes of government in Africa-Insights from the 2023 African Governance Report’, Durban: African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes, 18 September.

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  • Blaauw, Lesley and Dennis U. Zaire (eds.) 2023. Dominant Parties as Governments in Southern Africa. Their changing nature and its implications for democracy and democratic consolidation. Windhoek: Konrad Adenauer Foundation.

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  • Isbell, Thomas 2023. ‘Keeping up with the Dlaminis: Perceived inequalities and satisfaction with democracy in Africa’. Legon-Accra: Afrobarometer (= Working Paper 199).

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  • Kgothatso, Semela 2021. ‘Assessing the Implications of the APRM’s Expanded Mandate’. Johannesburg: South African Institute of International Affairs (= SAIIA Occasional Paper; 328).

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  • Matenga, Gram, Sheuneni Kurasha, and Justice Mavedzenge (eds.) 2023. ‘Enhancing Effectiveness of Parliaments in Africa During Crises: Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic’. Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance.

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  • Ngunjiri, Margaret Wanjiku 2023. ‘Citizen Participation in Local Governance in Africa. A Selection of Case Studies’. Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance.

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  • African Business 2023. ‘Sierra Leone’s Chief Minister Launches African Peer Review Mechanism’s (APRM) Targeted Review Report on Unconstitutional Changes of Government in Sierra Leon’ [London], 1 November.

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  • African Parliamentary News 2023a. ‘PAP to develop Model Law on universal access to internet and combating of cyber security’ [Enugu], 31 May.

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  • African Parliamentary News 2023b. ‘PAP crisis and the need to maintain the status quo’ [Enugu], 15 December.

  • Ghana News Agency 2023. ‘APRM calls on Ghana to enforce existing policies’ [Accra], 16 March.

  • Spotlight Global News 2023. ‘AU reverses Gayo’s unsanctioned reforms at PAP’ [Harare], 5 November.

  • African Peer Review Mechanism. URL: <https://aprm.au.int/en>.

  • AUC Democracy, Law & Human Rights. URL: <https://au.int/en/democracy-law-human-rights>.

  • AUC Directorate Governance and Human Rights. URL: <https://au.int/en/directorates/governance-and-human-rights>.

  • AUC Judicial, Human Rights & Legal Organs. URL: <https://au.int/en/legal-organs>.

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