Part 1 The Year-in-Review

In: Yearbook on the African Union Volume 4 (2023)
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Series:  Yearbook on the African Union, Volume: 4
Cover Yearbook on the African Union Volume 4 (2023)
E-Book ISBN:
9789004713147
Publisher:
Brill
Print Publication Date:
30 Oct 2024

  • African Union 2024. ‘Vision and Mission’. Addis Ababa: African Union. URL: <https://au.int/en/about/vision> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • AU Assembly 2023a. ‘Decision on the Report on the Activities of the Peace and Security Council (PSC) and the State of Peace and Security in Africa’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.842 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023b. ‘Decision on the Report of the Peace and Security Council (PSC) on the Implementation of the AU Master Roadmap of Practical Steps to Silence the Guns in Africa’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.843 (XXXVI).

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  • AU PSC 2023a. ‘Communiqué’. 1159th PSC meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 22 June. PSC/MIN/COMM.1159 (2023).

  • AU PSC 2023b. ‘Communiqué’. 1174th PSC meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18 September. PSC/PR/COMM.1174 (2023).

  • AUC Chairperson 2023. ‘Remarks of H.E. Moussa Faki Mahamat Chairperson of The African Union Commission at the Opening Ceremony of the High-Level African Counter-Terrorism Meeting in Abuja’. Abuja, 22 April. URL: <https://au.int/en/speeches/20240422/remarks-opening-ceremony-high-level-african-counter-terrorism-meeting-abuja> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • Ruto, William S. 2023. ‘Remarks By His Excellency Dr. William Samoei Ruto, Ph.D., C.G.H., President of the Republic of Kenya and Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces, at the Opening of the Africa Climate Summit Ministerial Conference’, Nairobi, 4 September. URL: <https://www.president.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/AT-THE-OPENING-OF-THE-AFRICA-CLIMATE-SUMMIT-MINISTERIAL-CONFERENCE.pdf> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • United Nations 2024. ‘Highlights of Security Council Practice 2023’. New York: United Nations. URL: <https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/highlights-2023> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • UNSC 2023. ‘Resolution on responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security’. 2719th UN Security Council meeting, New York, United States, 21 December. S/RES/2719 (2023).

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  • Aning, Kwesi and Anna Mensah 2023. ‘Russia Resurgent? Untangling the role and meaning of Moscow’s proxies in West Africa and the Sahel’, Strategic Review for Southern Africa 44 (1): 47–63.

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  • Bischoff, Paul-Henri, Kwesi Aning, and Amitav Acharya 2016. ‘Africa in global international relations: emerging approaches to theory and practice – an introduction’. In P.-H. Bischoff, K. Aning, and A. Archaya (eds.) Africa in Global International Relations: Emerging approaches to theory and practice. London, New York, NY: Routledge, 1–21.

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  • Frimpong, Ruth and Kwesi Aning 2023. ‘Partnerships for Implementing the AU’s human security agenda’. In W. Okumu and A. Atta-Asamoah (eds.) The African Union at 20: African perspectives on progress, challenges and prospects. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies, 183–204.

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  • Taiwo, Olufemi 2022. Against Decolonisation: Taking African Agency Seriously. London: Hurst Publishers.

  • Tieku, Thomas Kwasi 2021. ‘Punching Above Weight: How the African Union Commission Exercises Agency in Politics’, Africa Spectrum 56 (3): 254–273.

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  • Djilo, Félicité and Paul-Simon Handy 2022. ‘Unpacking Africa’s divided stance on the Ukraine war’. ISS Today Pretoria], 12 August.

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  • Nzuki, Catherine 2023. ‘Africa’s Peace Delegation: A New Chapter for Africa and the Ukraine War’. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies.

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  • Rynn, Simon 2023. ‘What are the Prospects for African Peacemaking in Ukraine?’. London: Royal United Services Institute, 21 June.

  • Van Ostaeyen, Pieter and Kwesi Aning 2023. ‘Status of ISWAP and ISGS in West Africa and Sahel’. Berlin: Konrad Adenauer Foundation.

  • Abena Quianoo, Janet 2023. ‘Africa’s Global Dance: Key Diplomatic Moments of 2023’, Africa Leadership Magazine [Portsmouth], 29 December.

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  • Associated Press 2024. ‘African leaders condemn Israel’s offensive in Gaza’ [New York, NY], 17 February.

  • Mbolekwa, Sisanda 2023. ‘Positive reception means peace proposal will be considered, says Ramaphosa’, Sowetan [Johannesburg], 19 June.

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  • AfCFTA SG 2024. ‘Report of the Secretary General of the AfCFTA on the AU Theme of the Year 2023 “Accelerating the Implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area, February 2023 to February 2024”’. Accra: African Continental Free Trade Area.

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  • African Union 2024a. ‘The African Continental Free Trade Area’. URL: <https://au.int/en/african-continental-free-trade-area> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2024b. ‘List of Countries which have Signed, Ratified/Acceded to the Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area’. Addis Ababa: African Union [as on 19 September 2023]. URL: <https://au.int/en/treaties/1161> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • AU Assembly 2023. ‘Decision on the Africa Union Theme of the Year 2023: “Acceleration of AfCFTA Implementation”’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.861 (XXXVI).

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  • ACHPR 2023. ‘Resolution on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Intersex Persons in Africa’. 74th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, Banjul, The Gambia, 7 March. Res.552 (LXXIV).

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  • Adeoye, Bankole 2020. ‘Common African positions on global issues. Achievements and realities’. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies (= Africa Report, 30).

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  • African Union 2002a. Rules of Procedure of the Assembly of the Union. Durban: African Union.

  • African Union 2002b. Rules of Procedure of the Executive Council. Durban: African Union.

  • African Union 2002c. Statutes of the AU Commission. Durban: African Union.

  • African Union 2002d. Rules of Procedure of the Permanent Representatives’ Committee. Durban: African Union.

  • African Union 2002a. Protocol Relating to the Establishment of the Peace and Security Council. Durban: African Union.

  • African Union 2007. African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance. Addis Ababa: African Union.

  • African Union 2018. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 27 November. URL: <https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181127/african-union-strengthens-its-sanction-regime-non-payment-dues> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2022. African Integration Report 2021. Putting Free Movement of Persons at the Centre of Continental Integration. Addis Ababa: Commission of Economic Development, Trade, Industry and Mining.

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  • African Union 2023a. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 21 January. URL: <https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20230121/appointement-mohamed-ibn-chambas-high-representative-silencing-guns> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2023b. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 21 January. URL: <https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20230121/appointement-dr-ibrahim-assane-mayaki-au-special-envoy-food-systems> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2023c. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 8 June. URL: <https://au.int/sites/default/files/pressreleases/42860-pr-African_Union_Retreat_on_Institutional_Reforms_and_the_second_decade_of_Agenda_2063_kicks_off.pdf> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2023d. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 16 July. URL: <https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20230716/5th-mid-year-coordination-meeting-concludes-strong-commitment-accelerate> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2023e. ‘Specialized Technical Committee (STC) on Finance, Monetary Affairs, Economic Planning and Integration (2023)’, Addis Ababa, 17 July. URL: <https://au.int/pt/node/42964> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2023f. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 3 October. URL: <https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20231003/executive-council-hold-meeting-second-decade-agenda-2063> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2023g. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 7 October. URL: <https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20231007/communique-chairperson-regarding-israeli-palestinian-war> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2023h. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 15 October. URL: <https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20231015/african-union-and-league-arab-states-issue-joint-statement-gaza-crisis> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2023i. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 29 November. URL: <https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20231129/moussa-faki-mahamats-statement-palestinian-solidarity-day> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2023j. ‘AU Consensus Paper on Predictable, Adequate, and Sustainable Financing for African Union Peace and Security Activities’. Addis Ababa: African Union.

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  • African Union 2024a. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 31 January. URL: <https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20240131/au-peace-fund-board-trustees-seek-expand-resource-mobilization-finance> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2024b. ‘OAU/AU Treaties, Conventions, Protocols & Charters’. Addis Ababa. URL: <https://au.int/en/treaties> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2024c. ’60 Years. OAU–AU. 1963–2023’. URL: <https://oau60.au.int> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

  • AU Assembly 2016. ‘Decision on the Common African Position on Humanitarian Effectiveness’. 26th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 30–31 January. Assembly/AU/Dec.604 (XXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2019. ‘Decision on the Scale of Assessment for the regular Budget and the Peace Fund’. 32nd Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10–11 February 2019. Assembly/AU/Dec.734 (XXXII).

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  • AU Assembly 2023a. ‘Decision of [sic!] the Institutional Reforms of the African Union by H.E. Paul Kagame, President of the Republic of Rwanda’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.839 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023b. ‘Decision on the Report of the Peace and Security Council (PSC) on the Implementation of the AU Master Roadmap of Practical Steps to Silence the Guns in Africa’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.843 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023c. ‘Decision on Building a United Front to Advance the Cause of Justice and the Payment of Reparations to Africans’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.847 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023d. ‘Decision on Structures’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.850 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023e. ‘Decision on the Report of the AU Committee of Ten (C-10) Heads of State and Government on the Reform of the UN Security Council, by H.E. Julius Maada Bio, President of the Republic of Sierra Leone’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.853 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023f. ‘Decision on the Annual Report of the Union and its Organs, including the Specific Thematic Issues by the Heads of States, Champions’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.854 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023g. ‘Decision on the Report of the Coordinator of the Committee of African Heads of State and Government on Climate Change (CAHOSCC)’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.855 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023h. ‘Decisions on Draft Legal Instruments’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.856 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023i. ‘Decision on the Election of the Bureau of the Assembly of the African Union for 2023’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.857 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023j. ‘Decision on the Africa Union Theme of the Year 2023: “Acceleration of AfCFTA Implementation”’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.861 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023k. ‘Decision on the African Union Scale of Assessment’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.863 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023l. ‘Decision on the African Union Theme of the Year for 2024’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.864 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023m. ‘Declaration on the Situation in Palestine and the Middle East’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Decl.2 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023n. ‘Declaration on the Financial Sustainability of the African Union’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/ Decl.3 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023o. ‘Resolution on the Impact of Sanctions and Unilateral Coercive Measures’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/ Res.1 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023p. ‘Resolution on the Lifting of the Economic, Commercial and Financial Blockade Imposed on the Republic of Cuba by the United States of America’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/ Res.2 (XXXVI).

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  • AU BoEA 2023. ‘Independent Auditor’s Report on [the] African Union Consolidated Financial Statements for the Year ended 31 December 2022’. Addis Ababa: African Union Board of External Auditors, 26 May.

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  • AU Commission 2015 [2013]. Agenda 2063 – The Africa We Want. Popular Version. Addis Ababa: African Union.

  • AU Council 2005. ‘The Common African Position on the Proposed Reform of the United Nations: “The Ezulwini Consensus”’. 7th Extraordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 7–8 March. Ext/EX.CL/2 (VII).

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  • AU Council 2023a. ‘Decision on the Reports of the Sub-Committees of the Permanent Representatives’ Committee (PRC)’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1189 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023b. ‘Decision on the Reports of the Specialized Technical Committees (STC s) and other Ministerial Meetings’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1190 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023c. ‘Decision on the Election and Appointment of two (2) Judges of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (AfCHPR)’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1208 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023d. ‘Decision on the Report of the Joint-Sitting of the Ministerial Committee on Scale of Assessment and Contributions and the Committee of F15’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1213 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023e. ‘Decision on the Report of the Ministerial Committee on African Candidatures within the International System’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1214 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023f. ‘Decision on the Report of the Ministerial Follow Up Committee on the Implementation of Agenda 2063’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1215 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023g. ‘Decision on the African Union Budget for 2024’. 43rd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Nairobi, Kenya, 13–14 July. EX.CL/Dec.1217 (XLIII).

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  • AU Council 2023h. ‘Decision on the Reports of the Sub-Committees of the Permanent Representatives’ Committee (PRC)’. 43rd Ordinary Session of the Executive Council, Nairobi, Kenya, 13–14 July. EX.CL/Dec.1218 (XLIII).

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  • AU Council 2023i. ‘Decision on the Reports of the Specialised Technical Committees (STC s)’. 43rd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Nairobi, Kenya, 13–14 July. EX.CL/Dec.1219 (XLIII).

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  • AU Council 2023j. ‘Decision on the Report of the Joint Sitting of the Ministerial Committee on Scale of Assessment and Contributions and the Committee of Fifteen Ministers of Finance (F15)’. 43rd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Nairobi, Kenya, 13–14 July. EX.CL/Dec.1223 (XLIII).

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  • AU Council 2023k. ‘Decision on the Report of the Committee of Fifteen Ministers of Finance (F15)’. 43rd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Nairobi, Kenya, 13–14 July. EX.CL/Dec.1224 (XLIII).

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  • AU Council 2023l. ‘Decision on African Candidatures within the International System’. 43rd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Nairobi, Kenya, 13–14 July. EX.CL/Dec.1225 (XLIII).

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  • AU Council 2023m. ‘Decision on the Challenges of Ratification/Accession Implementation of OAU/AU Treaties’. 43rd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Nairobi, Kenya, 13–14 July. EX.CL/Dec.1226 (XLIII).

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  • AU Council 2023n. ‘Decision on the Election and Appointment of Four (4) Members of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights’. 43rd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Nairobi, Kenya, 13–14 July. EX.CL/Dec.1228 (XLIII).

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  • AU Council 2023o. ‘Decision on the Election and Appointment of Five (5) Members of the African Union Advisory Board Against Corruption’. 43rd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Nairobi, Kenya, 13–14 July. EX.CL/Dec.1229 (XLIII).

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  • AU and REC s 2008a. Protocol of Relations between the African Union (AU) and the Regional Economic Communities (REC s). Addis Ababa: African Union.

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  • AU and REC s 2008b. Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Area of Peace and Security between the African Union, the Regional Economic Communities, and the Coordinating Mechanisms of the Regional Standby Brigades of Eastern Africa and Northern Africa. Addis Ababa: African Union.

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  • AUC/NZ MFAT 2023. African Union Handbook 2023. A Guide for Those Working with and Within the African Union. 10th edition. Addis Ababa: African Union Commission and New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

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  • AUDA–NEPAD 2022. Second Continental Report on the Implementation of Agenda 2063. Midrand: AU Development Agency–NEPAD.

  • Faki Mahamat, Moussa 2023. ‘@AUC_MoussaFaki’, 17 October.

  • Kagame, Paul 2017. ‘The Imperative to Strengthen Our Union. Report on the Proposed Recommendations for the Institutional Reform of the African Union’. 28th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 29 January. Addis Ababa: African Union.

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  • MYCM 2023. ‘5th Mid-Year Coordination Meeting between the African Union, the Regional Economic Communities and the Regional Mechanisms’. Declaration, Nairobi, Kenya, 16 July. MYCM/AU/Decl. (V).

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  • OAU 2000a. Constitutive Act of the African Union. Lomé: Organisation of African Unity.

  • OAU 2002b. ‘Bamako Declaration on an African Common Position on the Illicit Proliferation, Circulation and Trafficking of Small Arms and Light Weapons’. Bamako, 1 December: Organisation of African Unity.

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  • Ruto, William Samoei 2023. ‘Speech at the 5th Mid-Year Coordination Meeting of the African Union’ [Nairobi], 16 July. URL: <https://au.int/en/speeches/20230716/president-william-samoei-rutos-remarks-5th-au-mid-year-coordination> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • UNGA 2023a. ‘Resolution on the protection of civilians and upholding legal and humanitarian obligations’. 10th Emergency Special Session of the UN General Assembly, New York, USA, 27 October. A/RES/ES-10/21.

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  • UNGA 2023b. ‘Resolution on the Work of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories’. 78th Session of the UN General Assembly, New York, USA, 7 December. A/RES/78/76.

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  • UNGA 2023c. ’Resolution on the protection of civilians and upholding legal and humanitarian obligations’. 10th Emergency Special Session of the UN General Assembly, New York, USA, 12 December. A/ES–10/L.27.

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  • UNGA 2023d. ‘Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources’. 78th Session of the UN General Assembly, Second Committee, New York, USA, 19 December. A/C.2/78/L.44.

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  • UNSC 2023e. ‘Resolution on responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security’. 2719th UN Security Council meeting, New York, USA, 21 December. S/RES/2719 (2023).

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  • Engel, Ulf 2015. ‘The African Union finances – How does it work? Leipzig: Centre for Area Studies of the University of Leipzig (= Working Paper, 6).

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  • Engel, Ulf 2023a. ‘African Union 2.0: Relaunching the Pan-African Project’, in J.W. Harbeson and D. Rothchild (eds.) Africa in World Politics. Sustaining Reform in a Turbulent World Order. 7th ed., London, New York: Routledge, 259–277.

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  • Engel, Ulf 2023b. ‘Introduction, or: The Genre of OAU/AU Anniversary Publications’, Comparativ 33 (1): 9–18.

  • Engel, Ulf 2024. ‘The Organization of African Unity/African Union’, in U. Engel, J. Herpolsheimer, and F. Mattheis (eds.) Globalization Projects of Regional Organizations. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (in print).

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  • Gelot, Linnéa and Fredrik Söderbaum 2023. ‘Legitimation struggles in international organizations: the case of the African Union’, Globalizations, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2023.2275819

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  • Herpolsheimer, Jens 2023. ‘AU-REC Relations: The Practices of Inter-Regionalism Between ECOWAS and the African Union’, Comparativ 33 (1): 70–88.

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  • Murithi, Tim 2023. ‘The AU at Twenty Years: Institutional Changes, Contestation, and Consolidation’, Comparativ 33 (1): 32–52.

  • Ndawonde, Nompumelelo and Adeoye O. Akinola 2023. ‘Pan-Africanism, AUDA–NEPAD, and the Quest for Africa’s Development’, African Renaissance 20 (1): 31–56.

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  • Okumu, Wafula and Andrews Atta-Asamoah (eds.) 2023. The African Union at 20. African perspectives on progress, challenges and prospects. Pretoria: Institute for Peace and Security Studies.

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  • Staeger, Uli 2023. ‘The War in Ukraine, the African Union, and African Agency’, African Affairs 122 (489): 559–586.

  • Amani Africa 2023. ‘A New Dawn for AU’s Role in Humanitarian Action?’, Addis Ababa, 13 February.

  • De Coning, Cedric 2023. ‘The Unintended Consequences of UN financial support for AU Peace Support Operations’, ACCORD Conflict & Resilience Monitor, Durban, 20 December.

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  • Engel, Ulf 2023b. ‘Pan-Africanism remains a dream – 4 key issues the African Union must tackle’, The Conversation (Europe edition) [Melbourne], 16 February.

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  • Engel, Ulf 2023c. ‘Panafricanisme: 4 questions clés auxquelles l’Union africaine doit s’attaquer’, The Conversation (Europe edition) [Melbourne], 19 February.

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  • ISS 2023a. ‘African peace mission: one step forward, one step back?’, PSC Today [Pretoria], 23 June.

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