Part 2 African Union Policy Fields

In: Yearbook on the African Union Volume 4 (2023)
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  • African Union 2023. ‘The African Leaders Nairobi Declaration on Climate Change and Call to Action’. Nairobi, 6 September URL: <https://media.africaclimatesummit.org/Final+declaration+1709-English.pdf?request-content-type=%22application/force-download> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2024. ‘OAU/AU Treaties, Conventions, Protocols & Charters’. Addis Ababa. URL: <https://au.int/en/treaties> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • AU Assembly 2009. ‘Decision on the African Common Position on Climate Change’. 12th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 1–3 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.236 (XII).

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  • AU Assembly 2023a. ‘Decision on the Establishment of an African and World Decade on Afforestation’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.846 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023b. ‘Decision on the Report of the Coordinator of the Committee of African Heads of State and Government on Climate Change (CAHOSCC)’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.855 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023c. ‘Declaration on the Outcomes of the Dakar 2 Summit on Food Sovereignty and Resilience’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Decl.5 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Council 2023. ‘Declaration on Accelerating the Path to Achieving the Goals and Targets of the Programme of Action for the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 in Africa’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Decl.1 (XLII).

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  • AU PSC 2023.’Communiqué’. 1184th PSC meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 7 November. PSC/PR/COMM.1184 (2023).

  • AUC PAPS 2024. ‘Conflict Management. Annual Digest. Vol. 1’. Addis Ababa: AUC Department of Political Affairs, Peace and Security.

  • Burck, Jan et al.2024. Climate Change Performance Index 2024. Bonn: Germanwatch etc. URL: <https://ccpi.org/wp-content/uploads/CCPI-2024-Results.pdf> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • CCRS 2023. ‘Final Statement’. Adopted at the 2nd Conference of the Heads of State and Government of the Climate Commission for the Sahel Region, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 17 February.

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  • IPCC 2023. Synthesis Report of the Sixth Assessment Report. Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. URL: <https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_SYR_LongerReport.pdf> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • Nicholsen, Kit et al.2023. Planning Africa’s Adaptation Finance: Estimating and reducing country level adaptation gaps. New York: UN Development Programme.

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  • UNDP 2023. Adaptation Gap Report 2023. Underfinanced. Underprepared. Inadequate investment and planning on climate adaptation leaves world exposed. New York: UN Development Programme.

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  • UNECA 2022. ‘AU Policy Conference on Promoting the Peace, Security and Development Nexus’. Addis Ababa: UN Economic Commission for Africa. URL: <https://www.uneca.org/events/au-policy-conference-promoting-peace-security-development-nexus> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • UNFCCC 2015. ‘Paris Agreement,’ 12 December. Paris: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. URL: <https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • UNFCCC 2024. ‘Decision 1/CP.28 Operationalization of the new funding arrangements, including a fund, for responding to loss and damage referred to in paragraphs 2–3 of decisions 2/CP.27 and 2/CMA.4’. UN FCCC/CP/2023/11/Add.1.

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  • WMO 2023a. ‘Africa suffers disproportionately from climate change’. Geneva: World Meteorological Organization (= WMO press release 04092023, 31 August).

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  • WMO 2023b. State of the Climate in Africa 2022. Geneva: World Meteorological Organization (= WMO-No. 1330).

  • World Bank 2024. ‘World Bank Open Data’. Washington, DC: The World Bank. URL: <data.worldbank.org> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

  • Akerl, Tobias et al2023. ‘Climate change risk, resilience, and adaptation among rural farmers in East Africa: A literature review’, Regional Sustainability 4 (2): 185193.

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  • Asiamah, Gildfred et al.2023. ‘The politics of climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa’. In J.W. Harbeson and D. Rothchild (eds.) African in World Politics. Sustaining Reform in a Turbulent World Order. 7th ed., New York, NY, Abingdon: Routledge, 167181.

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  • Ayanlade, Ayansina et al.2023. ‘Complex climate change risk and emerging directions for vulnerability research in Africa’, Complex Risk Management 40 (100497), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2023.100497

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  • Bedair, Heba et al.2023. ‘Funding African-led climate initiatives’, Nature Climate Change 13: 493494.

  • Moyo, Enos et al.2023. ‘Health effects of climate change in Africa: A call for an improved implementation of prevention measures’, Eco-Environment & Health 2 (2): 7478.

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  • Omotoso, Abeeb Babatunde et al.2023. ‘Climate change and variability in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of trends and impacts on agriculture’, Journal of Cleaner Production 414 (137487), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137487

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  • Solomon, Hussein and Jude Cocodia 2023. African Security in the Anthropocene. Cham: Springer.

  • Aragall, Xavier et al.2023. ‘Climate change and migration. Understanding factors, developing opportunities in the Sahel Zone, West Africa and the Maghreb’. Madrid: Friedrich Naumann Stiftung, Barcelona: European Institute of the Mediterranean.

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  • Azour, Jihad and Abebe Aemro Selassie 2023. ‘Africa’s Fragile States Are Greatest Climate Change Casualties’, IMF Blog [Washington, DC], 30 August.

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  • Antia, Mfoniso and Seryna Solanki 2023. ‘Thoughts on Amcen’s Decision at the 19th Session on Geoengineering Technologies’, Geoengineering Monitor [Val David, QC], 19 September.

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  • Getzel, Bianca and Michai Robertson 2023. ‘Will the World Bank make good on the loss and damage fund?,’ ODI Insights [London], 8 December.

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  • Foundethakis, Michael and Lamyaa Gadelhak 2024. ‘Africa: COP 28 highlights’, Baker McKenzie: Global Compliance News [London], 12 January.

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  • Kimutai, Joyce et al.2023. ‘Human-induced climate change increased drought severity in [the] Horn of Africa’. London: Grantham Institute, https://doi.org/10.25561/102624

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  • Rüttinger, Lukas et al.2023. ‘Weathering Risk. African Climate Security Risk Assessment. Executive Summary’. London: adelphi.

  • Tarif, Kheira (ed.) 2023. ‘Climate Change and Security in West Africa. Regional Perspectives on Addressing Climate-related Security Risks’. Dakar: Friedrich Ebert Foundation.

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  • WRI (World Resources Institute) 2023. ‘Unpacking COP28: Key Outcomes from the Dubai Climate Talks, and What Comes Next’ [Washington, DC], 17 December.

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  • Africa Climate Summit. URL: <https://africaclimatesummit.org>.

  • African Climate Foundation. URL: <https://africanclimatefoundation.org/our-people/>.

  • African Group of Negotiators. URL: <https://africangroupofnegotiators.org>.

  • UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. ‘United Nations Climate Change’. URL: <https://unfccc.int>.

  • UNFCCC Conference of the Parties 28. URL: <https://unfccc.int/cop28>.

  • African Union 2006. Charter for African Cultural Renaissance. Addis Ababa: African Union.

  • African Union 2014. Science, Technology and Innovation Strategy for Africa (STISA 2024). Addis Ababa: African Union.

  • African Union 2015. Agenda 2063 – The Africa We Want. Popular Version. Addis Ababa: African Union.

  • African Union 2016. Continental Education Strategy for Africa 2016–2025 (CESA 16–25). Addis Ababa: African Union.

  • African Union 2018. Continental Strategy for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). To Foster Youth Employment. Addis Ababa: African Union.

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  • African Union 2020. Digital Transformation Strategy for Africa (2020–2030). Addis Ababa: African Union.

  • African Union 2023a. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 24 January. URL: <https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20230124/signature-host-agreement-african-space-agency-cairo-24-january-2023> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2023b. ‘The 5th Ordinary Session of the Specialized Technical Committee on Communication and Information Communications Technology’, Addis Ababa, n.d. URL: <https://au.int/en/5thstccict> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2024a. ‘Treaties on Education, Science & Technology’. Addis Ababa: AU Commission. URL: <https://au.int/en/treaties/1167> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2024b. ‘Treaties on Sports, Arts & Culture’. Addis Ababa: AU Commission. URL: <https://au.int/en/treaties/1166> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • AU Assembly 2023a. ‘Decision on Building a United Front to Advance the Cause of Justice and the Payment of Reparations to Africans (Item proposed by the Republic of Ghana)’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.847 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023b. ‘Decision on the Progress Report on Activities and Prospects for the Establishment of the High Committee in Charge of the 2021–2031 Agenda, “Decade of African Roots and Diasporas”’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.848 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023c. ‘Decision on the African Union Theme of the Year for 2024’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.864 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023d. ‘Ministerial Declaration of Algiers on Start-Ups in Africa (Item Proposed by the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria) African Start[-]up Conference 05–06 December 2022’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Decl.1 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Commission 2016. ‘African Space Policy’. Addis Ababa: AUC Department of Human Resources, Science and Technology.

  • AU Commission 2019. ‘African Space Strategy. For Social, Political and Economic Integration’. Addis Ababa: AU Commission.

  • AU Commission 2023. ‘AU Continental Strategy on Education for Health and Wellbeing of Young People in Africa’. Addis Ababa: AU Commission.

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  • AU Council 2023a. ‘Decision on the Reports of the Specialized Technical Committees (STC s) and other Ministerial Meetings’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1190 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023b. ‘Decision on the Ministerial Declaration of Algiers on Start-Ups in Africa’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1205 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023c. ‘Decision on the African Union Budget for 2024’. 43rd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Nairobi, Kenya, 13–14 July. EX.CL/Dec.1217 (XLIII).

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  • AU Council 2023d. ‘Decision on the Reports of the Sub-Committees of the Permanent Representatives’ Committee (PRC)’. 43rd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Nairobi, Kenya, 13–14 July. EX.CL/Dec.1218 (XLIII).

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  • AU Council 2023e. ‘Decision on the Reports of the Specialised Technical Committees (STC s)’. 43rd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Nairobi, Kenya, 13–14 July. EX.CL/ Dec.1219 (XLIII).

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  • AU Council 2023f.’ Decision on the Finalization of the Concept Note and the Roadmap of the African Union Theme of the Year 2024 on Education’. 43rd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Nairobi, Kenya, 13–14 July. EX.CL/ Dec.1222 (XLIII).

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  • AUC ESTI 2023. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 30 October. URL: <https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20231030/pan-african-university-commissions-first-permanent-rector-yaounde-ceremony> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • European Commission 2023. ‘The first EU-AU Space Dialogue steps up space cooperation between the two continents’, Brussels, 26 October. URL: <https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/first-eu-au-space-dialogue-steps-space-cooperation-between-two-continents-2023-10-26_en> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • OAU 2000. Constitutive Act of the African Union. Lomé: Organisation of African Unity.

  • PAU 2019. Pan African University. Strategic Plan 2020–2024. Yaoundé: Pan African University.

  • UNCTAD and African Union 2023. ‘Sixth Meeting of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts on E-commerce and the Digital Economy. Geneva, 10–12 May’. PPT. Geneva: UN Conference on Trade and Development and African Union. URL: <https://unctad.org/system/files/non-official-document/ige6_ecde_p04_Amazouz_en.pdf> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • UNDP and MBRF 2023. Global Knowledge Index 2022. New York: UN Development Programme, and Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Knowledge Foundation (Dubai). URL: <https://www.knowledge4all.com/ranking?Id=2&Color=8C4792> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • UNESCO and AUC 2023. Education in Africa. Placing equity at the heart of policy. Continental report. Paris etc.: UN Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and AU Commission.

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  • United Nations 2024. ‘Goals 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all’. New York: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. URL: <https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal4> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • World Bank 2024. ‘World Bank Open Data’. Washington, DC: The World Bank. URL: <data.worldbank.org> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

  • Abungu, George Okello and Webber Ndoro (eds.) 2023. Cultural Heritage Management in Africa: The Heritage of the Colonized. London: Routledge.

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  • Arowosegbe, Jeremiah O. 2023. ‘African universities and the challenge of postcolonial development’, Africa 93 (5): 591614.

  • Daniels, Chux, Benedikt Erforth, and Chloe Teevan (eds.) 2023. Africa-Europe Cooperation and Digital Transformation. New York, NY: Routledge.

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  • EHESS (École des hautes études en sciences sociales) 2023. Special Issue: ‘Retours de restitutions’, Les Cahiers d’Études africaines (251–252): 4311000.

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  • French, Howard W. 2023. ‘What Europe Stole from Africa. Imperial powers didn’t just steal art and artifacts. They stole Africa’s future’, Foreign Policy, 17 January. URL: <https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/01/17/benin-bronzes-africa-colonialism-slavery-art/> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • Meyer, J. B. et al.2023. ‘Higher education in North Africa: comparative evolution of Algeria and Morocco’, Journal of North African Studies 28 (1): 100117.

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  • Neema-Abooki, Peter (ed.) 2023. Quality Assessment and Enhancement in Higher Education in Africa. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

  • Osayimwese, Itohan (ed.) 2023. German Colonialism in Africa and its Legacies. Architecture, Art, Urbanism, and Visual Culture. London: Bloomsbury.

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  • The East African 2023. ‘AU moves to recover Africa’s “stolen” assets’ [Nairobi], 1 December.

  • The Herald 2023. ‘African ICT ministers pledge digital transformation’ [Harare], 25 November.

  • UWN (University World News. Africa Edition) 2023a. ‘Pan African University needs funding to keep its momentum’ [London], 28 November.

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  • UWN 2023b. ‘Academics urged to support African Union’s STISA 2024 review’ [London], 14 December.

  • AUC Department of Education, Science, Technology and Innovation. URL: <https://au.int/en/esti>.

  • AUC Programme on Promoting Sports and Culture. URL: <https://au.int/en/promoting-sports-culture>.

  • African Union 2007. African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance. Addis Ababa: African Union.

  • African Union 2015. Agenda 2063. The Africa We Want. Addis Ababa: African Union.

  • African Union 2022a. ‘Accra Declaration on Unconstitutional Changes of Government in Africa’. Accra, 17 March. URL: <https://www.peaceau.org/uploads/eng-declaration-on-unconstitutional-changes-of-government-in-africa-15-17-march-2022.pdf> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2022b. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 25 August. URL: <https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20220825/citizens-engagement-strategy-will-mainstream-engagement-african-citizens> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2023a. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 15 May. URL: <https://au.int/fr/node/42784> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

  • African Union 2023b. ‘Press Release’ [Addis Ababa], 11 July. URL: <https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20230711/strategic-reflection-african-governance-platform> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2023c. ‘The Democratic Governance Roadshow. “Promoting good governance, human rights and justice in Africa.” September 2023–September 2024’ [Addis Ababa], 12 September. URL: <https://au.int/en/DGRoadshow> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2023d. ‘12th High-Level Dialogue on Human Rights, Democracy and Governance in Africa’ [Addis Ababa], 3 October. URL: <https://au.int/en/newsevents/20231003/12th-high-level-dialogue-human-rights-democracy-and-governance-africa> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • African Union 2024. ‘List of Countries Which Have Signed, Ratified/Acceded to the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance’, Addis Ababa, 14 February. URL: <https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/36384-sl-African_Charter_on_Democracy_Elections_and_Governance_0.pd> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • APRM 2023a. ‘2023 APRM Day Statement “20 years of Promoting Good Governance and Democracy as well as Encouraging Peer Learning and Experience Sharing in Africa”’ [Midrand (Johannesburg)], 8 March. URL: <https://aprm.au.int/en/news/statements/2023-03-08/2023-aprm-day-statement> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • APRM 2023b. ‘Press Release’ [Midrand (Johannesburg)], 27 June. URL: <https://aprm.au.int/en/news/press-releases/2023-06-27/targeted-review-support-mission-state-resilience-food-security-and> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • APRM 2023c. ‘HLPF 2023’ [Midrand (Johannesburg)], 18 July. URL: <https://aprm.au.int/en/events/2023-07-18/hlpf2023> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • APRM 2023d. ‘Press Release’ [Midrand (Johannesburg)], 14 September. URL: <https://aprm.au.int/en/news/press-releases/2023-09-14/egypt-hosts-fourth-annual-meeting-aprm-community-practice> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • APRM 2023e. ‘Press Release’ [Midrand (Johannesburg)], 6 December. URL: <https://aprm.au.int/en/news/press-releases/2023-12-06/united-republic-tanzania-hosts-second-steering-committees-technical> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • APRM 2023f. Africa Governance Report 2023. Unconstitutional Changes of Government in Africa. Midrand (Johannesburg): African Peer Review Mechanism.

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  • APRM 2024. ‘African Peer Review Mechanism. About’. Midrand (Johannesburg): African Peer Review Mechanism. URL: <https://aprm.au.int> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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  • APRM and UNECA 2023. Africa Sovereign Credit Rating Review, 2023 Year-End Outlook. 8th ed., Midrand (Johannesburg): African Peer Review Mechanism and UN Economic Commission for Africa (= Report No. G&SR–CRA05/2023).

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  • AU Assembly 2010. ‘Decision on the Theme, Date and Venue of the Sixteenth Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the African Union’. 15th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Kampala, Uganda, 25–27 July. Assembly/AU/Dec.304 (XV).

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  • AU Assembly 2011. ‘Declaration on the Theme of the Summit: “Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values”’. 16th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 30–31 January. Assembly/AU/Decl.1 (XVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2019. ‘Decision on the State of Governance in Africa’. 32nd Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10–11 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.720 (XXXII).

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  • AU Assembly 2023a. ‘Decision on the Reports of the Forum of Heads of State and Government Participating in the African Peer Review Mechanism (APR Forum) by H.E. Julius Maad Bio, President of the Republic of Sierra Leone and Chairperson of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM)’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.851 (XXXVI).

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  • AU Assembly 2023b. ‘Decision on the Report of H.E. Paul Kagame, President of the Republic of Rwanda, on the AUDA-NEPAD Heads of State and Government Orientation Committee (HSGOC)’. 36th Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18–19 February. Assembly/AU/Dec.852 (XXXVII).

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  • AU Council 2023a. ‘Decision on the Reports of the Sub-Committees of the Permanent Representatives’ Committee (PRC)’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1189 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023b. ‘Decision on the Activity Report of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR)’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1196 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023c. ‘Decision on the Activity Report of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (AfCHPR) including Outcome of the PRC-AfCHPR Retreat held in Arusha, Tanzania, March 2022) [sic!]. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1197 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023d. ‘Decision on the Report of the Pan African Parliament (PAP) including Outcome of the PRC-PAP Retreat held in Johannesburg, South Africa, December 2022’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1198 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023e. ‘Decision on the Activity Report of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council (ECOSOCC)’. 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1199 (XLII).

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  • AU Council 2023f. ‘Decision on the Report of the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACERWC).’ 42nd Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15–16 February. EX.CL/Dec.1201 (XLII).

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  • AU PSC 2023a. ‘Communiqué’. 1165th PSC meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 31 July. PSC/PR/COMM.1165 (2023).

  • AU PSC 2023b. ‘Communiqué’. 1167th PSC meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 11 August. PSC/PR/COMM.1167 (2023).

  • AU PSC 2024. ‘Communiqué’. 1194th PSC meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 24 January. PSC/PR/COMM.1194 (2024).

  • GIZ 2023. ‘Strengthening Good Governance & Human Rights in Africa – AGA: Footprint of Success, Addis Ababa: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH.

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  • Mo Ibrahim Foundation 2023. Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG). London: Mo Ibrahim Foundation.

  • NEPAD and APRM 2023. Kenya National Governance Report. Nairobi: NEPAD/APRM Kenya Secretariat.

  • PAP 2023a. Pan-African Parliament Strategic Plan, 2019–2023. Midrand (Johannesburg): Pan-African Parliament, 12 April.

  • PAP 2023b. ‘Press Release’ [Midrand (Johannesburg)], 14 June. ULR: <https://pap.au.int/en/news/press-releases/2023-06-14/aga-sp-stakeholders-consultation-meeting-reviews-strategic-direction> (accessed: 30 June 2024).

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