Chapter 14 The Medical Corps in the Army of Alexander the Great

In: Brill's Companion to the Campaigns of Philip II and Alexander the Great
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David Karunanithy
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Abstract

This chapter seeks to investigate the medical facilities available to the Macedonian army of the mid to late fourth century BCE. The main focus of this research is on how medical support was organized under Alexander the Great, prefaced with an overview of the possible genesis of Alexander’s medical corps under his father Philip II. Alexander and his generals were well aware that the loyalty and cooperation of their troops were the most crucial factors in making the Macedonian invasion of the Persian Empire a success. One major means of securing and preserving that loyalty and cooperation was to provide care of sickness and wounds—an obvious and practical requirement. This was especially so since Macedonian troops represented an essential and well trained, albeit strictly finite, resource that needed to be carefully managed for conquests to be ongoing. In this context, the chapter aims to reconstruct health care routines, including transportation for the sick and wounded on the march and recovery arrangements in camp, as well as provision for veterans. Additionally, the text explores the system of medical personnel and recreates something of the medical section’s character and functions. Specifically, the chapter examines Alexander’s elite doctors and considers their number, appearance, equipment, pay, status and organization as well as the professional learning they undertook, before exploring other possible tiers of medical care such as independent itinerant doctors and soldiers functioning as medics. Alexander’s troops demonstrated strong commitment over many years, campaigning effectively through thousands of kilometers of unfamiliar terrain, in all climates, and against tactically varied opponents. This overall success was due in part to the king taking care of his soldiers’ welfare, including arrangements that may be recognized today as an embryonic “medical corps.”

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