Chapter 5. The impact of different rice cultivars on soil methane emissions

In: Sustainable agroecosystems in climate change mitigation
Authors:
L.S. da Silva
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,
D.F. Moterle
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J.M.S. de Oliveira
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Type:
Chapter
Pages:
85–98
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-788-2_5

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Anaerobic conditions after the flooding of rice fields leads to the emission of methane (CH4), however root exudates may reduce the production of this greenhouse gas (GHG). This is because plant aerenchyma may facilitate CH4 diffusion from the soil into the atmosphere, and the oxygen (O2) in roots could oxidize CH4 into carbon dioxide (CO2). Thus, the potential of soil CH4 emissions could depend on morphological and physiological characteristics of the various rice cultivars. Determining which rice cultivar minimizes the emission of CH4, a GHG with a global warming potential 23 times greater than that of CO2, may play an important role in reducing the overall contribution of rice cultivation to global warming. The objective of this study was to evaluate the CH4 emission potential from different rice cultivars and their relationship to morphological and physiological plant characteristics. Nineteen rice cultivars were selected, covering a wide variability in plant characteristics such as growth cycle, height, tillering capacity and yield. Plants were grown in plastic pots each containing 7 kg soil (Planosol) derived from a rice paddy under continuously flooded conditions. In predetermined intervals, air was sampled using a static closed chamber and a syringe to analyse CH4 concentrations. The dynamics of the CH4 emission rates were similar for all cultivars, with two peaks approximately three weeks after flooding and near flowering. However, the total amount of CH4 emitted over the rice growing season was different between cultivars (ranging from 8.5 to 26.2 g/m2). General physiological and morphological plant characteristics did not completely explain the differences in CH4 emission between rice cultivars, but shoot dry matter production and height were associated with CH4 emission. Short plant rice cultivars with a short growing season and high yield had an overall lower emission of CH4.

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Cover Sustainable agroecosystems in climate change mitigation
E-Book ISBN:
9789086867882
Publisher:
Wageningen Academic
Print Publication Date:
08 Apr 2014
Section 1. Opportunities for carbon sequestration in agroecosystems
Section 2. Greenhouse gas emissions from agroecosystems
Section 3. Nutrient dynamics and microbe interactions
Section 4. New tools: analytical methods and modeling

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