13. Bioactive nutrients potential impact on cardiometabolic risk factors
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The growing body of evidence suggests that aggressive treatment for the risk factor management will improve survival and reduce the cardiac events. It is well known Mediterranean diets enriched in plant foods are associated with positive health outcomes in reducing risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review summarizes plant bioactive nutrients such as resistant starch, omega-3 fatty acids source from walnuts, avocados, coenzyme Q10, hawthorn berry fruit extract, curcumin/curcuminoids, lycopene, gugulipid and gotu kala plant sources impact on cardio-metabolic risk factors. These plant sources of bioactive nutrients exhibited protective effects against hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress, known risk factors for CVD and diabetic complications, in cell culture, animal studies and some human studies. This review provides information on plant bioactive nutrients, with a particular focus on active nutrients involved in lipid, carbohydrate and metabolic pathways and their potential health benefits in relation to the prevention and treatment of risk factors for hypertension, endothelial function, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, weight management, microalbuminuria, hypercoagulability, inflammation, abnormal thrombolysis, increased oxidative stress and CVD.