Nutrient requirements of broiler chickens and growing pigs in tropical climates
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The pressure to reduce broiler and pig feeding costs is constant, since it represents approximately 70% of the total production cost. To obtain better precision in the formulation of diets, it is necessary to know the exact feedstuff composition and the nutritional requirements of the animal in each growing period. In the 4th edition of the Brazilian tables, the requirements of the most important nutrients were set in daily amount per animal for optimum performance. The factorial method was utilized, when possible, following the model: Nutrient Req. (g/day) = g for Maintenance + g for Production. Lysine was used as a reference for estimating amino acid requirements. The standardized ileal digestible Lysine requirements were established in several dose-response experiments carried out with animals of different ages, and also based on experimental results published in Brazil and abroad. The requirements of the other amino acids were estimated according to the ideal protein concept for each growing phase. A procedure similar to that used to determine Lysine requirement was applied to obtain the equation for the calculation of available and digestible phosphorus requirement. The essential to total N ratio of 50% for broilers and 37% for pigs was used to calculate protein requirement. Using equations allows flexibility to estimate daily nutrient requirements, as they change as a function of performance and feed intake.