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This article examines the question of whether or not Turkey can be held responsible for internationally wrongful acts committed by the Ottoman Empire against the Armenian population before, during, and after the First World War. This article analyses the relevant rules of State succession to international responsibility based on the assumption that the break-up of the Ottoman Empire was a case of dissolution and that Turkey became a new State in 1923. I will consider several examples of State practice and case law in the context of dissolution of States as well as four specific circumstances where a new State should take over the obligations arising from the commission of an internationally wrongful act by the predecessor State before independence.