During the past decade, Uganda has become one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, but the country’s development needs have not yet been met, and the government’s revenue sources are less than sufficient to satisfy them. Therefore, when oil was discovered in 2006, hopes were raised regarding Uganda’s future, since the oil money could provide substantial funds enabling a transformation of the country. According to the latest figures, Uganda has 6.5 billion barrels of oil, which makes the country the third-largest oil holder in the ssa region (after Nigeria and Angola). Unfortunately, even though almost a decade has passed since the first oil was struck, production figures have remained at zero. Given the huge needs of Ugandan society and political rhetoric of Uganda as a developmental state, it is perplexing that it is taking so long to start extracting oil in the country. The major objective of this paper is to identify and analyse major causes of oil production delays (underdevelopment of infrastructure, environmental aspects, disputes with international oil companies, legal framework adjustments, and above all vast patronage network) as well as to contribute to a better understanding of recent dynamics in the Ugandan oil sector.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
Ahaibwe Gemma & Mbowa Swaibu Youth Unemployment Challenge in Uganda and the Role of Employment Policies in Jobs Creation 2014 accessed 11.10.2014 Washington, D.C. Brookings Institution <http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/africa-in-focus/posts/2014/08/26-youth-unemployment-uganda-ahaibwe-mbowa>
Anderson David & Browne Adrian “The politics of oil in eastern Africa” Journal of Eastern African Studies 2011 vol. 5 issue 2 369 410
Bagabo Paul “Uganda’s Oil Revenue Management Framework is a Solid Start, but Not Nearly Enough” Natural Resource Governance Institute 2015 October 7 accessed 7.2.2015 <http://www.resourcegovernance.org/news/blog/ugandas-oil-revenue-management-framework-solid-start-not-nearly-enough>
Barkan Joel D. Uganda. Assessing the Risks to Stability 2011 Washington DC Center for Strategic & International Studies
Bategeka Lawrence , Kiiza Julius & Ssewanyana Sarah Oil Discovery in Uganda: Managing Expectations 2013 Kampala Economic Policy Research Centre and Makerere University
bbc “Uganda’s Yoweri Museveni in profile” bbc 2011 May 12 accessed 7.2.2016 <http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12421747>
Bøås Mortem “Uganda in the Regional War Zone: Meta-Narratives, Pasts and Presents” Journal of Contemporary African Studies 2004 vol. 22 issue 3 283 303
Byaruhanga Catherine “Ugandans evicted to make way for oil refinery” bbc 2012 November 14 accessed 27.8.2014 <http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-20312220>
Davison William “Ethiopia to Extend Tullow Exploration Permit as Data Studied” Bloomberg 2014 October 15 accessed 20.7.2014 <http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-10-15/ethiopia-to-extend-tullow-oil-exploration-permit-as-data-studied>
Downie Richard “Africa’s Emerging Energy Landscape: Trends and Opportunities for U.S. Engagement” 2014 accessed 11.4.2015 Washington DC Center for African and International Studies <http://csis.org/files/attachments/130514_Energy_Event_Brief.pdf>
Energy Information Administration (eia) Emerging East Africa Energy 2013 Washington DC EIA
Fritz Verena & Menocal Rocha “Developmental States in the New Millennium: Concepts and Challenges for a New Aid Agenda” Development Policy Review 2007 vol. 25 issue 5 531 552
Gismatullin Edward “Cradle of Mankind Offers Kenyans Three Centuries of Oil” Bloomberg 2013 March 15 accessed 21.7.2014 <http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-03-15/cradle-of-mankind-offers-kenyans-three-centuries-of-oil-energy>
Green Elliott D. “Patronage, District Creation, and Reform in Uganda” Studies in Comparative International Development 2010 vol. 45 issue 1 83 103
International Alert Governance and livelihoods in oil-rich Albertine 2013 accessed 21.7.2014 London International Alert <http://www.international-alert.org/sites/default/files/publications/Uganda_2013_OilAndLivelihoods_EN.pdf>
International Monetary Fund IMF Concludes Mission to Uganda on the Second Review of the Policy Support Instrument 2014a accessed 22.7.2014 Washington DC Press Release Department 14/223. <http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2014/pr14223.htm>
International Monetary Fund (imf) Regional Economic Outlook: Sub-Saharan Africa. Fostering Durable and Inclusive Growth 2014b Washington DC World Economic and Financial Surveys
Izama Angelo & Mulangwa Hashim Wasswa “Understanding the tax dispute: Heritage, Tullow, and the Government of Uganda” 2011 accessed 28.8.2014 Kampala Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment <http://www.acode-u.org/documents/oildocs/infosheet_16.pdf>
Kasaija Matia “Budget Speech for Financial Year 2015/2016” 2015 Delivered at the meeting of the fifth session of the 9th Parliament of Uganda
Kiiza Julius Kobusingye Olive “The Evolution and Character of the National Resistance Movement” The Correct Line? Uganda Under Museveni 2010 Kampala Author House 203 212
Kiiza Julius , Bategeka Lawrence & Ssewanyana Sarah “Righting Resource-curse wrongs in Uganda: The Political Economy of Oil Discovery and the Management of Popular Expectations” Mawazo 2011 vol. 10 no. 3 183 203
Kopiński Dominik , Polus Andrzej & Tycholiz Wojciech New oil frontiers: investors’ guide to the oil sector in Sub-Saharan Africa 2014 Warsaw CEED Institute
Leftwich Adrian “Bringing politics back in: Towards a model of the developmental state” The Journal of Development Studies 1995 vol. 31 issue 3 400 427
Liebowitz Jeremy , Sentamu Robert , Kibirige Francis & Logan Carolyn “Going in the Wrong Direction? Ugandans Report Declining Government Effectiveness” Afrobarometer Briefing Paper 2015 accessed 14.1.2015 153 <http://www.afrobarometer.org/files/documents/briefing_papers/AfrobriefNo153.pdf>
Matti Stephanie “In Pursuit of the Lord’s Resistance Army: How to Deter Illegal Resource Extraction by Ugandan Forces” Africa Today 2012 59 1 27 41
Meyers Genevieve Enid Mudacumura Gedeon M. & Morçöl Göktuğ “Decentralization in Uganda: Towards Democratic Local Governance or Political Expediency” Challenges to Democratic Governance in Developing Countries 2014 Geneva Springer International Publishing 95 109
Miirima Henry Ford Oil Discovery, January 2006: The Role Ugandans Played 2013 Kisubi Marianum Press
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development “National Oil and Gas Policy for Uganda” 2008 accessed 1.2.2016 <http://www.energyandminerals.go.ug/downloads/NATIONALOILANDGASPOLICYFORUGANDA.pdf>
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development Uganda’s petroleum resources increase to 6.5 billion barrels oil in place 2014a accessed 1.9.2014 Kampala Petroleum Exploration and Production Department <http://www.petroleum.go.ug/page.php?k=curnews&id=102>
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development Successes and Opportunities in Uganda’s Oil and Gas Sector: Addressing the Development of the Sector through a Policy Framework 2014b accessed 24.8.2014 Kampala Petroleum Exploration and Production Department <http://www.petroleum.go.ug/page.php?k=curnews&id=21>
Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development Approved Estimates of Revenue and Expenditures FY 2015/16 2015 Kampala The Budget Directorate
Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development Social Protection in Uganda: Role in Development Efforts and Current Initiatives 2010 Kampala Expanding Social Protection Program
Mkandawire Thandika “Thinking about developmental states in Africa” Cambridge Journal of Economics 2001 vol. 25 issue 3 289 314
Mosbacher Jack “Fighting the Resource Curse: Uganda’s Pivotal Moment” Washington Quarterly 2013 Fall 43 54
Mugerwa Francis “Oil discovery changes land use in Bunyoro” Daily Monitor 2014 September 12 accessed 23.8.2014 <http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Oil-discovery-changes-land-use-in-Bunyoro/-/688342/1988974/-/ar4iuf/-/index.html>
Mwenda Andrew W. & Tangri Roger “Patronage Politics, Donors Reforms, and Regime Consolidation in Uganda” African Affairs vol. 104 issue 416 449 467
“Oil in Uganda Timeline” Oil in Uganda 2012 1 Oil in Uganda
“Refinery compensation exercise behind schedule” 2014 accessed 20.7.2014 <http://www.oilinuganda.org/features/land/refinery-compensation-exercise-behind-schedule.html> Oil in Uganda
Plaut Martin “Uganda donors cut aid after president passes anti-gay law” The Guardian 2014 February 25 accessed 13.8.2014 <http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/feb/25/uganda-donors-cut-aid-anti-gay-law>
“Fitch Affirms Uganda at “B”; Outlook Positive” Reuters 2014 accessed 29.8.2014 April 15, <http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/15/fitch-affirms-uganda-at-b-outlook-positi-idUSFit72372020140815> Reuters
Richards Clint “Uganda imposes oil land ban” 2013 March 11 accessed 22.8.2014 Victoria Wikileaks <http://wikileaks.org/gifiles/docs/13/1387475_-os-uganda-energy-uganda-imposes-oil-land-ban-france-uk.html>
Routley Laura “Developmental States in Africa? A Review of Ongoing Debates and Buzzwords” Development Policy Review 2014 vol. 32 issue 2 159 177
Rubougoya Joshua B. Regime Hegemony in Museveni’s Uganda. Pax Musevenica 2007 Washington Palgrave Macmillan
Shaw Timothy “Uganda: from civil strife to developmental state? From national insecurity to human security?” 2004 Paper presented at International Studies Association. Annual Meeting Monteral: ISA
Shepard Ben Oil in Uganda. International Lessons for Success 2013 London Chatham House, The Royal Institute of International Research
Ssekika Edward “Kenya to build world’s longest heated oil pipeline” The Observer 2014a April 8 accessed 20.8.2014 <http://observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31126:-uganda-kenya-to-build-worlds-longest-heated-oil-pipeline&catid=38:business&Itemid=68>
Ssekika Edward “From impact assessment to influence avenues” The Observer 2014b February 28 accessed 19.9.2014 <http://observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=30386:-from-impact-assessment-to-influence-avenues&catid=57:feature>
The Economist “African energy: Eastern El Dorado?” The Economist 2012 April 7 accessed 20.08.2014 <http:/www.economist.com/node/215>
The Economist “Pipeline Poker” The Economist 2013 May 25 accessed 20.08.2014 <http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21578402-east-africa-danger-throwing-away-part-its-new-found-oil>
The State House of Uganda State of the Nation Address 2013: President Museveni Delivering on His Pledges to Uganda 2013 accessed 08.07.2014 Kampala The State House <http://www.statehouse.go.ug/media/speeches/2013/06/07/state-nation-address-2013>
Thompson Christopher “Heritage launches case against Uganda” Financial Times 2011 May 17
Tripp Aili Mari Museveni’s Uganda. Paradoxes of Power in a Hybrid Regime 2010 Colorado Lynne Rienner
Tullow Oil “Ugandan Tax Appeals Tribunal delivers ruling” Tullow Oil Press Release 2014 July 16 accessed 27.8.2014 <http://www.tullowoil.com/index.asp?pageid=137&newsid=905>
Vokes Richard “Briefing. The Politics of Oil in Uganda” African Affairs 2012 vol. 111 issue 443 303 314
Wayland Edward James Petroleum in Uganda (Geological Survey of Uganda Memoir) 1926 Kampala Government of Uganda
Womakuyu Frederick “Portraits from refinery site” Oil in Uganda 2012 2
World Bank Africa’s Pulse 2014a Vol. 9 Washington DC the Office of the Chief Economist for the Africa region
World Bank “Uganda” 2014b accessed 24.7.2014 Washington DC World Bank Database <http://data.worldbank.org/country/uganda>
World Watch Institute “Uganda on Track to Have World’s Highest Population Growth” 2014 accessed 29.8.2014 Washington DC Eye on Earth <http://www.worldwatch.org/node/4525>
Young Nick “Refinery: an end in sight?” Oil in Uganda 2012 Issue 3
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 888 | 207 | 12 |
Full Text Views | 253 | 10 | 0 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 82 | 17 | 0 |
During the past decade, Uganda has become one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, but the country’s development needs have not yet been met, and the government’s revenue sources are less than sufficient to satisfy them. Therefore, when oil was discovered in 2006, hopes were raised regarding Uganda’s future, since the oil money could provide substantial funds enabling a transformation of the country. According to the latest figures, Uganda has 6.5 billion barrels of oil, which makes the country the third-largest oil holder in the ssa region (after Nigeria and Angola). Unfortunately, even though almost a decade has passed since the first oil was struck, production figures have remained at zero. Given the huge needs of Ugandan society and political rhetoric of Uganda as a developmental state, it is perplexing that it is taking so long to start extracting oil in the country. The major objective of this paper is to identify and analyse major causes of oil production delays (underdevelopment of infrastructure, environmental aspects, disputes with international oil companies, legal framework adjustments, and above all vast patronage network) as well as to contribute to a better understanding of recent dynamics in the Ugandan oil sector.
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 888 | 207 | 12 |
Full Text Views | 253 | 10 | 0 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 82 | 17 | 0 |