Macro-evolutionary trade-offs as the basis for the distribution of European bats
In: Animal BiologySearch for other papers by Anne-Jifke Haarsma in
Current site
Google Scholar
2Animal Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Henk Siepel in
Current site
Google Scholar
Bats have a high species diversity and show unique ecological traits. The distribution patterns of European bat species differ between species. In this paper we seek to explain which life history traits, or interrelations between traits, can best explain observed differences in the distribution patterns of bats. Traits are interrelated and sometimes involve trade-offs, implying that a change in one trait may have positive or negative consequences for other traits. We describe the main morphological, physiological and ecological adaptations of insectivorous European bat species. We make pair-wise relations between traits, indicating the interrelations between traits, in terms of possible trade-offs. We relate the consequences of these trade-offs to the distribution maps of the species, focusing on the traits relevant for southern and northern distribution limits. We found coarse patterns that might indicate the distribution of related species are a consequence of their physiological, morphological and ecological adaptations and the interrelations between these adaptations. Hence, we think life-history strategies can be used to explain differences in species distribution. The method presented in this paper might also be useful for other mammal groups with a high species diversity, such as Rodentia and Soricidae.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
-
Aldridge H.D. (1987) Turning flights in bats. Journal of Experimental Biology, 128, 419-425.
-
Almenar D., Aihartza J., Goiti U., Salsamendi E., Garin I. (2009) Foraging behaviour of the long-fingered bat Myotis capaccinii: implications for conservation. Endangered Species Research, 8, 69-78.
-
Altringham J.D. (1996) Torpor and hibernation, Chapter 4. In: Altringham J.D. (Ed.) Bats, Biology and Behaviour, pp. 115-132. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
-
Altringham J.D. (1996) Reproduction and development, Chapter 5. In: Altringham J.D. (Ed.) Bats, Biology and Behaviour, pp. 133-153. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
-
(2010) 6th Session of the Meeting of Parties. Prague, Czech Republic, 20-22 September 2010. Resolution 6.2. Amendment of the Annex to the Agreement. EUROBATS.MoP6.Record.Annex5.
-
Arlettaz R., Christe P., Lugon A., Perrin N., Vogel P. (2001) Availability dictates the timing of parturition in insectivorous mouse-eared bats. Oikos, 95, 105-111.
-
Arlettaz R., Ruchet C., Aeschimann J., Brun E., Genoud M., Vogel P. (2000) Physiological traits affecting the distribution and wintering strategy of the bat Tadarida teniotis. Ecology, 81, 1004-1014.
-
Baagøe H. (1987) The Scandinavian bat fauna – adaptive wing morphology and free flight in the field. In: Fenton B.M., Racey P., Rayner J.M. (Eds.) Recent Advances in the Study of Bats, pp. 57-74. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
-
Baagøe H.J. (2004) Vespertilio murinus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Zweifarbfledermaus. In: Niethammer J., Krapp J. (Eds.) Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas. Band 4/I: Fledertiere (Chiroptera), pp. 473-514. Aula-Verlag, Wiebelsheim.
-
Barak Y., Yom-tov Y. (1991) The mating system of Pipistrellus kuhli (Microchiroptera) in Israel. Mammalia, 55, 285-292.
-
Barclay R. (1991) Population-structure of temperate zone insectivorous bats in relation to foraging behavior and energy demand. Journal of Animal Ecology, 60, 165-178.
-
Barclay R. (1994) Constraints on reproduction by flying vertebrates: energy and calcium. American Naturalist, 144, 1021-1031.
-
Barclay R., Brigham R. (1994) Constraints on optimal foraging: a field test of prey discrimination by echolocating insectivorous bats. Animal Behaviour, 48, 1013-1021.
-
Barclay R., Harder L.D. (2003) Life histories of bats: life in the slow lane. In: Kunz T.H., Fenton M.B. (Eds.) Bat Ecology, pp. 209-256. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
-
Barclay R., Ulmer J., MacKenzie C.J.A., Thompson M., Olson L., McCool J., Cropley E.C., Poll G. (2004) Variation in the reproductive rate of bats. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 82, 688-693.
-
Baydemür N.A., Albayrak U. (2006) A study on the breeding biology of some bat species in Turkey (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 30, 103-110.
-
Boyd I.L., Stebbings R.E. (1989) Population changes of brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus) in bat boxes at Thetford Forest. Journal of Applied Ecology, 26, 101-112.
-
Brown J.H., Stevens G.C., Kaufman D.M. (1996) The geographic range: size, shape, boundaries, and internal structure. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 27, 597-623.
-
Brunet-Rossinni A.K., Austad S.N. (2004) Ageing studies on bats: a review. Biogerontology, 5, 211-222.
-
Carranza J. (1996) Sexual selection for male body mass and the evolution of litter size in mammals. American Naturalist, 148, 81-100.
-
Cockburn A. (1989) Adaptive patterns in marsupial reproduction. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 4, 126-130.
-
Davies R.G., Orme C.D.L., Storch D., Olson V.A., Thomas G.H., Ross S.G., Ding T.S., Rasmussen P.C., Bennett P.M., Owens I.P.F., Blackburn T.M., Gaston K.J. (2007) Topography, energy and the global distribution of bird species richness. Proceedings of the Royal Society London Series B: Biological Sciences, 274, 1189-1197.
-
Deanesly R., Warwick T. (1939) Observations on pregnancy in the common bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 109, 57-60.
-
Dietz C., Dietz I., Siemers B.M. (2006) Wing measurement variations in the five European horseshoe bat species (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Journal of Mammalogy, 87, 1241-1251.
-
Dietz C., Von Helversen O., Nill D. (2009) Handbuch der Fledermäuse Europas und Nordwestafrikas: Biologie, Kennzeichen, Gefährdung. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart.
-
Entwistle A., Racey P.A., Speakman J.R. (1998) The reproductive cycle and determination of sexual maturity in male brown long eared bats. Journal of Zoology, 244, 63-70.
-
Estók P. (2007) Seasonal changes in the sex ratio of Nyctalus species in north-east Hungary. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 53, 89-95.
-
Estók P., Zsebők S., Siemers B.M. (2010) Great tits search for, capture, kill and eat hibernating bats. Biology Letters, 23, 59-62.
-
Fenton M.B., Bogdanowicz W. (2002) Relationships between external morphology and foraging behaviour: bats in the genus Myotis. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 80(6), 1004-1013.
-
Findley J.S., Studier E., Wilson R.P. (1972) Morphologic properties of bat wings. Journal of Mammology, 53, 429-444.
-
Fleming T.H., Eby P. (2003) Ecology of bat migration. In: Kunz T.H., Fenton M.B. (Eds.) Bat Ecology, pp. 156-207. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
-
Gaisler J. (1970) Remarks on the thermopreferendum of palearctic bats in their natural habitats. Bijdragen Dierkunde, 40, 33-35.
-
Gaisler J., Hanak V., Dubngel J. (1997) A contribution to the population ecology of Nyctalus noctula. Act. Sci. Nat., Brno, 13, 1-38.
-
Gaisler J. (1979) Ecology of bats. In: Stoddart D.M. (Ed.) Ecology of Small Mammals, pp. 281-342. Chapman and Hall, London.
-
Gargas A., Trest M.T., Christensen M., Volk T.J., Blehert D.S. (2009) Geomyces destructans sp. nov. associated with bat white-nose syndrome. Mycotaxon, 108, 147-154.
-
Guo Q., Sax D.F., Qian H., Early R. (2012) Latitudinal shifts of introduced species: possible causes and implications. Biological Invasions, 14, 547-556.
-
Happold D.C.D., Happold M. (1990) Reproductive strategies of bats in Africa. Journal of Zoology, London, 222, 557-583.
-
Harmata W. (1969) The thermopreferendum of some species of bats. Acta Theriologica, 14, 49-62.
-
Haupt M. (2005) Flexibility in habitat use, flight behavior and echolocation of the northern bat and consequences for its conservation in Central Europe. Thesis, Universitat Hannover, Hannover.
-
Hawkins B.A. (2004) Latitude and geographic patterns in species richness. Ecography, 27, 268-272.
-
Hayssen V., Kunz T. (1996) Allometry of litter mass in bats: maternal size, wing morphology and phylogeny. Journal of Mammology, 77, 476-490.
-
Hayssen V., van Tienhoven A., van Tienhoven A. (1993) Asdell’s Patterns of Mammalian Reproduction: a Compendium of Species-Specific Data. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
-
Hedenström A., Johansson L.C., Spedding G.R. (2009) Bird or bat: comparing airframe design and flight performance. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 4, 1-13.
-
Hedenström A. (2009) Optimal migration strategies in bats. Journal of Mammology, 90, 1298-1309.
-
Heise G. (1989) Ergebnisse reproduktionsbiologischer untersuchungen am abendsegler in der umgebung von Prezlau. Nyctalus, 3, 17-32.
-
Horacek I., Hanak V. (1989) Distributional status of Myotis daycneme. In: Hanak V., Horacek I., Gaisler J. (Eds.) European Bat Research 1987, pp. 565-590. Charles University Press, Prague, 718 pp.
-
Humphries M.M., Thomas C.J., Speakman J. (2002) Climate-mediated energetic constraints on the distribution of hibernating bats. Nature, 418, 313-316.
-
Hutterer R., Ivanova T., Meyer-Cords C., Rodrigues L. (2005) Bat Migrations in Europe: a Review of Banding Data and Literature. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn.
-
Ibáñez C., Juste J., García-Mudarra J.L., Agirre-Mendi P.T. (2001) Bat predation on nocturnally migrating birds. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98, 9700-9702.
-
Jones K.E. (1994) Scaling of wingbeat and echolocation pulse emission rates in bats: why are aerial insectivorius bats so small? Functional Ecology, 8, 450-457.
-
Jones K.E., MacLarnon A. (2001) Bat life histories: testing models of mammalian life-history evolution. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 3, 465-476.
-
Jones K.E., Purvis A., Gittleman J.L. (2003) Biological correlates of extinction risk in bats. The American Naturalist, 161, 601-614.
-
Jones K.E., Rydell J. (1994) Foraging strategy and predation risk as factors influencing emergence time in echolocating bats. Philosophical Transactions, 346, 445-455.
-
Jones K.E., Bielby J., Cardillo M., Fritz S.A., O’Dell J., Orme C.D.L., Safi K., Sechrest W., Boakes E.H., Carbone C., Connolly C., Cutts M.J., Foster J.K., Grenyer R., Habib M., Plaster C.A., Price S.A., Rigby E.A., Rist J., Teacher A., Bininda-Emonds O.R.P., Gittleman J.L., Mace G.M., Purvis A. (2009) PanTHERIA: a species-level database of life history, ecology, and geography of extant and recently extinct mammals. Ecology, 90, 2648. Ecological Archives E090-184.
-
Kalcounis M.C., Brigham R.M. (1995) Intraspecific variation in wing loading affects habitat use by little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 73(1), 89-95.
-
Kaliontzopoulou A., Adams D.C., van der Meijden A., Perera A., Carretero M.A. (2012) Relationships between head morphology, bite performance and ecology in two species of Podarcis wall lizards. Evolutionary Ecology, 26(4), 825-845.
-
Kerth G., Weissmann K., König B. (2001) Day roost selection in female Bechstein’s bats (Myotis bechsteinii): a field experiment to determine the influence of roost temperature. Oecologia, 126, 1-9.
-
Kokurewicz T. (2004) Sex and age related habitat selection and mass dynamics of Daubenton’s bats Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817) hibernating in natural conditions. Acta Chiropterologica, 6, 121-144.
-
Krapp F. (2011) Die Fledermäuse Europas. Ein umfassendes Handbuch zur Biologie, Verbreitung und Bestimmung. Sonderausgabe aus dem Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas 2011. Aula-Verlag, Wiebelsheim.
-
Kruskop S. (2004) Subspecific structure of Myotis daubentonii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) and composition of the “daubentonii” species group. Mammalia, 68, 299-306.
-
Kunz T., Hood W.R. (2000) Parental care and postnatal growth in Chiroptera. In: Crichton E.G., Krutzsch P.H. (Eds.) Reproductive Biology of Bats, pp. 415-468. Academic Press, New York, NY.
-
Kunz T., Kurta A. (1987) Size of bats at birth and maternal investment during pregnancy. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 57, 79-106.
-
Kunz T. (1987) Postnatal growth and energetics of suckling bats. In: Racey P., Rayner J.M., Fenton B.M. (Eds.) Recent Advances in the Study of Bats, pp. 367-394. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
-
Kunz T.H., Stern A.A. (1995) Maternal investment and post-natal growth in bats. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 67, 123-138.
-
Kurta A., Bell G.P., Nagy K.A., Kunz T. (1989) Energetics of pregnancy and lactation in free ranging little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Physiological Zoology, 62, 804-818.
-
Laiolo P. (2013) From inter-specific behavioural interactions to species distribution patterns along gradients of habitat heterogeneity. Oecologia, 171(1), 207-215.
-
Lemaire M., Chaut J.J., Arthur L. (1994) 400 cadavres dans un site d’hibernation pollué. 5e Rencontres nationales “Chauves-souris”, 129-134.
-
Lesiñski G. (1986) Ecology of bats hibernating underground in Central Poland. Acta Theriologica, 31, 507-521.
-
Letcher A.J., Purvis A., Nee S., Harvey J. (1994) Patterns of overlap in the geographic ranges of Palearctic and British mammals. Journal of Animal Ecology, 63, 871-879.
-
Levin E., Barnea A., Yovel Y., Yom-tov Y. (2006) Have introduced fish initiated piscivory among the long-fingered bat? Mammalian Biology, 71, 139-143.
-
Lidgard D.C., Bowen W.D., Boness D.J. (2012) Longitudinal changes and consistency in male physical and behavioural traits have implications for mating success in the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 90, 849-860.
-
Lohrl H. (1936) Der winterschlaf von Nyctalus noctula – Auf grund von beobachtungen am winterschlafplatz. Zoomorphology, 32, 1-47.
-
Lord R.D. (1960) Litter size and latitude in North American mammals. American Midland Naturalist, 64, 488-499.
-
Masing M. (1982) On the air temperature at hibernation sites of bats. Eesti ulukid, 67, 7.
-
Masing M. (1983) On the hibernation of bats in Estonia. Myotis, 20, 5-10.
-
Masing M., Lutsar L. (2007) Hibernation temperatures in seven species of sedentary bats (Chiroptera) in northeastern Europe. Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 17, 47-55.
-
McLean J., Speakman J. (1997) Non-nutritional maternal support in the brown long-eared bat. Animal Behaviour, 54, 1193-1204.
-
Michaelsen T.C. (2007) Roost emergence time and light tolerance of the Northern bat Eptesicus nilssonii and Soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus at 62N. Fauna (Oslo), 60, 272-279. [English summary].
-
Michaelsen T.C., Helge J.K., Göran H. (2011) Topography is a limiting distributional factor in the soprano pipistrelle at its latitudinal extreme. Mammalian Biology, 76, 295-301.
-
Miller-Butterworth C.M., Murphy W.J., O’Brien S.J., Jacobs D.S., Springer M.S., Teeling E. (2007) A family matter: conclusive resolution of the taxonomic position of the long-fingered bats, Miniopterus. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24, 1553-1561.
-
Mislin H., Vischer L. (1942) Zur Biologie der Chiroptera. II Die Temperaturregulation der überwinternden Nyctalus noctula. Verhandlungen der Schweizerische Naturkundliche Gesellschaft Sitten, 131-133.
-
Mitchell-Jones A.J., Amori G., Bogdanowicz W., Kryštufek B., Reijnders P.J.H., Spitzenberger F., Stubbe M., Thissen J.B.M., Vohralík V., Zima J. (1999) The Atlas of European Mammals. T & AD Poyser Natural History, London, 481 pp.
-
Nagel A., Nagel R. (1991) How do bats choose optimal temperatures for hibernation? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 99, 323-326.
-
Neuweiler G. (2000) Reproduction and development. In: The Biology of Bats, pp. 236-261. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
-
Norberg U., Rayner J. (1987) Ecological morphology and flight in bats: wing adaptations, flight performance, foraging strategy and echolocation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 316, 335-427.
-
Norberg U. (1986) Evolutionary convergence in foraging niche and flight morphology in insectivorous aerial-hawking birds and bats. Ornis Scandinavica, 17, 253-260.
-
Norberg U. (1994) Wing design, flight performance, and habitat use in bats. In: Wainwright P.C., Reilly S.M. (Eds.) Ecological Morphology: Integrative Organismal Biology, pp. 205-239. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
-
Norberg U.M. (1987) Wing form and flight mode in bats. In: Fenton M.B., Racey P.A., Rayner J.M.V. (Eds.) Recent Advances in the Study of Bats, pp. 43-56. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
-
Nyholm E. (1965) Zur okologie von Myotis mystacinus und Myotis daubentoni. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 2, 77-123.
-
Nylin S., Gotthard K. (1998) Plasticity in life-history traits. Annual Review of Entomology, 43, 63-83.
-
Pandurkska R.S., Beshkov A. (1998) Species diversity of bats in underground roosts of the Western Stara Planina Mts. (Bulgaria). Vespertilio, 3, 81-91.
-
Papadatou E., Butlin R.K., Pradel R. (2009) Sex-specific roost movements and population dynamics of the vulnerable long-fingered bat, Myotis capaccinii. Biological Conservation, 142, 280-289.
-
Pearman P.B., Guisan A., Broennimann O., Randin C.F. (2008) Niche dynamics in space and time. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 23(3), 149-158.
-
Pereswiet-Soltan A. (2007) Relation between climate and bat fauna in Europe. Travaux du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Vol. L, 505-515.
-
Puechmaille S.J., Wibbelt G., Korn V., Fuller H., Forget F. et al., (2011) Pan-European distribution of white-nose syndrome fungus (Geomyces destructans) not associated with mass mortality. PLoS ONE, 6: e19167. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019167
-
Racey P.A. (1969) Diagnosis of pregnancy and experimental extension of gestation in the pipistrelle bat, Pipistrellus pipistrellus. Journal of Reproduction Fertility, 19, 465-474.
-
Racey P.A. (1974) The temperature of a pipistrelle hibernaculum. Journal of Zoology (London), 173, 260-262.
-
Racey P.A., Entwistle A. (2000) Life-history and reproductive strategies of bats. In: Crichton E.G., Krutzsch P.H. (Eds.) Reproductive Biology of Bats, pp. 364-396. Academic Press, New York, NY.
-
Racey P.A., Swift S. (1981) Variations in gestation length in a colony of pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) from year to year. Journal of Reproduction Fertility, 61, 123-129.
-
Ransome R.D. (1990) The Natural History of Hibernating Bats. Christopher Helm Publishers, Beckenham, 235 pp.
-
Ransome R.D. (1995) Earlier breeding shortens life in female greater horseshoe bats. Philosophical Transactions, 350, 153-161.
-
Reiter G. (2004) Postnatal growth and reproductive biology of Rhinolophus Hipposideros (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Journal of Zoology (London), 262, 231-241.
-
Ricklefs R.E. (1973) Patterns of growth in birds – growth rate and mode of development. The Ibis, 115, 178-201.
-
Rochet M.J. (2000) A comparative approach to life-history strategies and tactics among four orders of teleost fish. ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil, 57(2), 228-239.
-
Russo D., Jones G. (2002) Identification of twenty-two bat species (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Italy by analysis of time-expanded recordings of echolocation calls. Journal of Zoology, London, 258, 91-103.
-
Ryberg O. (1947) Studies on Bats and Parasites. Especially with Regard to Sweden and Other Neighboring Countries of the North. Bokforlaget Svensk natur, Stockholm.
-
Rydell J. (1990) Ecology of the northern bat Eptesicus nilssoni during pregnancy and lactation. In: Rydell J. (Ed.) Ecology of the Northern Bat Eptesicus nilssoni During Pregnancy and Lactation. Department of Ecology and Animal Ecology, Lund University, Lund.
-
Rydell J., Speakman J. (1994) First record of breeding bats above the arctic circle: northern bats at 68-70° in Norway. Journal of Zoology (London), 233, 335-339.
-
Sachanowicz K., Zub K. (2002) Numbers of hibernating Barbastella barbastellus and thermal conditions in military bunkers. Mammalian Biology, 67, 179-184.
-
Sæther B.E., Bakke Ø. (2000) Avian life history variation and contribution of demographic traits to the population growth rate. Ecology, 81, 642-653.
-
Safi K., Kerth G. (2004) A comparative analysis of specialization and extinction risk in temperate-zone bats. Conservation Biology, 18, 1293-1303.
-
Schmidt C. (2005) Emergence behavior of a nursery colony of Myotis brandtii (Eversmann, 1845) in Saxony. Myotis, 43, 55-62.
-
Schmidt R. (1989) Nachweise des kleinabendseglers in kreis Beeskov und bemerkungen zur biologie der art nyctalus. Nyctalus, 2, 529-537.
-
Schober W., Grimmberger E. (1997) The Bats of Europe and North America. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, NJ.
-
Ševčík M. (2003) Does wing morphology reflect different foraging strategies in sibling bat species Plecotus auritus and P. austriacus? Folia Zoologica, 52, 121-126.
-
Sharifi M. (2004) Postnatal growth in Myotis blythii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Mammalia, 68, 283-290.
-
Siepel H. (1994) Life-history tactics of soil microarthropods. Biology & Fertility of Soils, 18, 263-278.
-
Siivonen Y., Wermundsen T. (2008) Characteristics of winter roosts of bat species in southern Finland. Mammalia, 72, 50-56.
-
Simmons N.B. (2005) Order Chiroptera. In: Wilson D.E., Reeder D.M. (Eds.) Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, pp. 312-529. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 2142 pp.
-
Smirnov D.G., Vekhnik V.P., Kurmaeva N.M., Shepelev A.A., Il’in V.Yu. (2008) Spatial structure of the community of bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) hibernating in artificial caves of Samarskaya Luka. Biological Bulletin, 35, 211-218.
-
Solick D.I., Barclay R. (2007) Geographic variation in the use of torpor and roosting behaviour of female western long-eared bats. Journal of Zoology, 272, 358-366.
-
Southwood T.R.E. (1988) Tactics, strategies and templets. Oikos, 52, 3-18.
-
Speakman J., Racey P.A. (1987) The energetics of pregnancy and lactation in the brown long-eared bat. In: Racey P., Rayner J.M., Fenton B.M. (Eds.) Recent Advances in the Study of Bats, pp. 367-394. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
-
Speakman J., Rowland A. (1999) Preparing for inactivity: how insectivorous bats deposit a fat store for hibernation. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 58, 123-131.
-
Speakman J., Thomas D. (2003) Physiological ecology and energetics of bats. In: Kunz T.H., Fenton M.B. (Eds.) Bat Ecology, pp. 430-492. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
-
Speakman J. (2008) The physiological costs of reproduction in small mammals. Philosopical Transactions of the Royal Society London, 363, 373-398.
-
Stearns S.C. (1992) The Evolution of Life Histories. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 248 pp.
-
Stockley P., MacDonald D.W. (1998) Why do female common shrews produce so many offspring? Oikos, 83, 560-566.
-
Studier E.H., O’Farrell M.J. (1980) Physiological ecology of Myotis. In: D.E. Wilson & A.L. Gardner (Eds.) Proceedings, Fifth International Bat Research Conference, pp. 415-424. Texas Tech. Press, Lubbock, TX.
-
Swartz S.M., Freeman P.W., Stockwell E.F. (2003) Ecomorphology of bats: comparative and expirimental approaches relating structural design to ecology. In: Kunz T.H., Fenton M.B. (Eds.) Bat Ecology, pp. 156-207. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
-
Tello J.S., Stevens R.D. (2010) Multiple environmental determinants of regional species richness and effects of geographic range size. Ecography, 33, 796-808.
-
Tuttle M.D., Stevenson D. (1982) Growth and survival of bats. In: Kunz T.H. (Ed.) Ecology of Bats, pp. 105-150. Plenum Press, New York, NY.
-
Ulrich W., Sachanowicz K., Michalak M. (2007) Environmental correlates of species richness of European bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Acta Chiropterologica, 9, 347-360.
-
Ulrich W., Sachanowicz K., Michalak M. (2007) Environmental correlates of species richness of European bats. Acta Chiropterologica, 9, 347-360.
-
Urbańczyk Z. (1991) Hibernation of Myotis daubentonii and Barbastella barbastellus in Nietoperek bat reserve. Myotis, 29, 115-120.
-
Verbeek H. (1998) Meervleermuis Myotis dasycneme drachtig van tweeling. Lutra, 40, 89-92.
-
Verberk W.C.E.P., Siepel H., Esselink H. (2008) Life-history tactics in fresh water macroinvertebrates. Freshwater Biology, 53, 1722-1738.
-
Webb P.I., Speakman J., Racey P. (1996) How hot is a hibernaculum? A review of the temperatures at which bats hibernate. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 761-765.
-
Wilkinson G.S., South J.M. (2002) Life history, ecology and longevity in bats. Aging Cell, 1, 124-131.
-
Zahn A. (1999) Reproductive success, colony size and roost temperature in attic-dwelling bat Myotis myotis. Journal of Zoology (London), 247, 275-280.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 942 | 174 | 23 |
| Full Text Views | 540 | 57 | 4 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 115 | 7 | 2 |
Macro-evolutionary trade-offs as the basis for the distribution of European bats
In: Animal BiologySearch for other papers by Anne-Jifke Haarsma in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
2Animal Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Henk Siepel in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Bats have a high species diversity and show unique ecological traits. The distribution patterns of European bat species differ between species. In this paper we seek to explain which life history traits, or interrelations between traits, can best explain observed differences in the distribution patterns of bats. Traits are interrelated and sometimes involve trade-offs, implying that a change in one trait may have positive or negative consequences for other traits. We describe the main morphological, physiological and ecological adaptations of insectivorous European bat species. We make pair-wise relations between traits, indicating the interrelations between traits, in terms of possible trade-offs. We relate the consequences of these trade-offs to the distribution maps of the species, focusing on the traits relevant for southern and northern distribution limits. We found coarse patterns that might indicate the distribution of related species are a consequence of their physiological, morphological and ecological adaptations and the interrelations between these adaptations. Hence, we think life-history strategies can be used to explain differences in species distribution. The method presented in this paper might also be useful for other mammal groups with a high species diversity, such as Rodentia and Soricidae.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 942 | 174 | 23 |
| Full Text Views | 540 | 57 | 4 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 115 | 7 | 2 |
