The Modern Interpretation of the Diyat Formula for the Quantum of Damages: The Case of Homicide and Personal Injuries
In: Arab Law QuarterlyAbstract
Diyat is an old concept evolving from the custom of blood revenge practiced during pre-Islamic Arabia. The Qu’rān authorizes diyat as a kind of retaliation for homicide in lieu of qiṣāṣ in which the victim’s family pardons the offender, while the Ḥadīth elaborate in detail upon the typology, characteristics and quantum for murder and various types of physical injury. In reality, pecuniary compensation is an ancient practice that predates the pre-Islamic era, and, furthermore, this divine principle shows that Islam recognizes the human practice. To ensure that its dynamic is embraced in the contemporary situation, the methods of payment, i.e., value in camels and dinar, need revisiting. This article contributes to the subject thereby adding to the literature concerning diyat by reinterpreting the mechanism of restoring the value of gold dinar as an exchange for modern implementation.
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2
Chan Wing Cheong, Support for Crime Victims in Asia (New York: Routledge, 2008) 374.
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3
Ahmad Fathi Bahnasi, Al-‘Uqūbah fī l-Islām (Kaherah: Dār al-Shuruq, 1989) 61-66.
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4
R.A. Nicholson, A Literary History of the Arabs (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1930), 92; Hilal Farghali Hilal, Al-Nizam al-Islāmī fī Ta‘wīḍ al-Madhrūr min al-Jarimah (Riyadh: Dār al-Nashr bi l-Markaz al-Gharib wa al-Tadrīb, 1990) 11-13.
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9
Izzat Hasanayn, Jarā’im al-I‘tidāʿ ‘alā Salāmah al-Ajsām bayna al-Sharī‘ah wa l-Qānūn, (Riyadh: Dār al-‘Ulum, 1984) 136.
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11
See for details in M. Hamidullah, The First Written Constitution in the World (Lahore: Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, 1968) 14.
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13
Hilal, supra note 4, 14.
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14
Jawwad ‘Ali, supra note 5, 592-293.
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16
Translation by Ali, Abdullah Yusuf, The Holy Qu’rān with English Translation and Selected Commentaries by Abdullah Yusuf Ali (Kuala Lumpur: Saba Islamic Media, 1998).
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29
‘Awdah, supra note 19, 4.
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32
See Ibn Majah, Sunān Ibn Mājah bi Sharh al-Imām Abī al-Hasan al-Ḥanafī, (Beirut: Dār al-Ma’rifah, 2000) 280.
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34
See, for details, Al-Shawkani, supra note 18, 63.
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38
Wahbah al-Zuhayli, Naẓariyyah al-Daman aw Aḥkām al-Mas’uliyyah al-Madaniyyah wa l-Jina’iyyah fī l-Fiqh al-Islāmī (Damascus: Dār al-Fikr, 1998) 23.
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40
Ahmad Muhammad al-Zarqa, Sharh al-Qawā‘id al-Fiqhiyyah (Damascus: Dār al-Qalam, 1989) 219.
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42
Aharon Layish, “Interplay Between Tribal and Sharī‘ah law: A Case of Tibbawi Blood Money in the Sharī‘ah Court of Kufra”, Islamic Law and Society, 13/1 (2006) 64.
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48
See more details in M.J.L. Hardy, Blood Feuds and the Payment of Blood Money in the Middle East (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1963) 69–73.
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The Modern Interpretation of the Diyat Formula for the Quantum of Damages: The Case of Homicide and Personal Injuries
In: Arab Law QuarterlyAbstract
Diyat is an old concept evolving from the custom of blood revenge practiced during pre-Islamic Arabia. The Qu’rān authorizes diyat as a kind of retaliation for homicide in lieu of qiṣāṣ in which the victim’s family pardons the offender, while the Ḥadīth elaborate in detail upon the typology, characteristics and quantum for murder and various types of physical injury. In reality, pecuniary compensation is an ancient practice that predates the pre-Islamic era, and, furthermore, this divine principle shows that Islam recognizes the human practice. To ensure that its dynamic is embraced in the contemporary situation, the methods of payment, i.e., value in camels and dinar, need revisiting. This article contributes to the subject thereby adding to the literature concerning diyat by reinterpreting the mechanism of restoring the value of gold dinar as an exchange for modern implementation.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 814 | 366 | 24 |
| Full Text Views | 117 | 9 | 1 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 38 | 18 | 2 |