Wagner, Grundzüge der klassischen arabischen Dichtung, p. 30-42. For a more up-to-date survey of views on pre-Islamic Arabic see Kees Versteegh, The Arabic Language, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 20142, p. 42-59. Peter Webb has recently strenuously argued that pre-Islamic linguistic unity was not matched by an ethnic identity: Imagining the Arabs: Arab Identity and the Rise of Islam, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2016.

Wagner, Grundzüge der klassischen arabischen Dichtung, p. 30-42. For a more up-to-date survey of views on pre-Islamic Arabic see Kees Versteegh, The Arabic Language, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2014², p. 42-59. Peter Webb has recently strenuously argued that pre-Islamic linguistic unity was not matched by an ethnic identity: Imagining the Arabs: Arab Identity and the Rise of Islam, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2016.)| false
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Versteegh, The Arabic Language, p. 45-52.

Versteegh, The Arabic Language, p. 45-52.)| false
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Gustave E. von Grunebaum, “Abû Duʾâd Al-Iyâdî: Collection of Fragments,” Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 51 (1948), p. 83.

Gustave E. von Grunebaum, “Abû Duʾâd Al-Iyâdî: Collection of Fragments,” Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 51 (1948), p. 83.)| false
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Fred McGraw Donner, The Early Islamic Conquests, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1981, p. 7-20; Fred M. Donner, “The Role of Nomads in the Near East in Late Antiquity (400-800 CE),” in Tradition and Innovation in Late Antiquity, eds Frank M. Clover and R. Stephen Humphreys, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press (“Wisconsin studies in classics”), 1989, p. 73-85; Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam, London, Routledge, 2001, p. 89.

Fred McGraw Donner, The Early Islamic Conquests, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1981, p. 7-20; Fred M. Donner, “The Role of Nomads in the Near East in Late Antiquity (400-800 CE),” in Tradition and Innovation in Late Antiquity, eds Frank M. Clover and R. Stephen Humphreys, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press (“Wisconsin studies in classics”), 1989, p. 73-85; Robert G. Hoyland, Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam, London, Routledge, 2001, p. 89.)| false
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Daniel Martin Varisco, “The Rain Periods in Pre-Islamic Arabia,” Arabica, 34/2 (1987), p. 265-266.

Daniel Martin Varisco, “The Rain Periods in Pre-Islamic Arabia,” Arabica, 34/2 (1987), p. 265-266.)| false
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Dickson, The Arab of the Desert, p. 51, 64, 65, 82.

Dickson, The Arab of the Desert, p. 51, 64, 65, 82.)| false
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Ibid., p. 51, 82.

Doughty, Arabia Deserta, i, p. 589 ff.; Dickson, The Arab of the Desert, p. 256.

Doughty, Arabia Deserta, i, p. 589 ff.; Dickson, The Arab of the Desert, p. 256.)| false
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Musil, Manners and Customs, p. 14, 17.

Musil, Manners and Customs, p. 14, 17.)| false
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Doughty, Arabia Deserta, i, p. 489-491; Dickson, The Arab of the Desert, p. 34, 50.

Doughty, Arabia Deserta, i, p. 489-491; Dickson, The Arab of the Desert, p. 34, 50.)| false
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Ibid., p. 6-7.

Varisco, “Rain Periods,” p. 257.

Varisco, “Rain Periods,” p. 257.)| false
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Ibn Manẓūr, Lisān al-ʿArab, ii, p. 1138-1141, s.v. “Ḫ.R.F;” Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon, iv, p. 1560, s.v. “Šaʿrā.”

Ibn Manẓūr, Lisān al-ʿArab, ii, p. 1138-1141, s.v. “Ḫ.R.F;” Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon, iv, p. 1560, s.v. “Šaʿrā.”)| false
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Ibn Qutayba, Kitab al-Anwāʾ, p. 153.

Ibn Qutayba, Kitab al-Anwāʾ, p. 153.)| false
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Al-Sukkarī, Ašʿār al-huḏaliyyīn, p. 464.

Al-Sukkarī, Ašʿār al-huḏaliyyīn, p. 464.)| false
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Ibid., ii, p. 311.

Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon, iii, p. 1202, s.v. “R.Y.F”.

Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon, iii, p. 1202, s.v. “R.Y.F”.)| false
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Lyall, The Mufaḍḍalīyāt, i, p. 729.

Lyall, The Mufaḍḍalīyāt, i, p. 729.)| false
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See Jacob, Altarabisches Beduinenleben, p. 4; Dickson, The Arab of the Desert, p. 34; Theodore Nöldeke, Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden, Leiden, E.J. Brill, 1879, p. 334.

See Jacob, Altarabisches Beduinenleben, p. 4; Dickson, The Arab of the Desert, p. 34; Theodore Nöldeke, Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden, Leiden, E.J. Brill, 1879, p. 334.)| false
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Varisco, “Rain Periods,” p. 261-263.

Varisco, “Rain Periods,” p. 261-263.)| false
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Ibid., p. 28; Ahlwardt, Six Divans, p. 128.

Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon, vi, p. 2437, s.v. “Falaǧ.”

Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon, vi, p. 2437, s.v. “Falaǧ.”)| false
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Ahlwardt, Six Divans, p. 25.

Ahlwardt, Six Divans, p. 25.)| false
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Bauer, Altarabische Dichtkunst, i, p. 105-117.

Bauer, Altarabische Dichtkunst, i, p. 105-117.)| false
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Ibid., p. 1146-1148.

Al-Sukkarī, Ašʿār al-huḏaliyyīn, p. 1249, no 1, l. 6-14 (al-Mutanaḫḫil).

Al-Sukkarī, Ašʿār al-huḏaliyyīn, p. 1249, n^o 1, l. 6-14 (al-Mutanaḫḫil).)| false
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Erich Bräunlich, “Versuch einer literargeschichtlichen Betrachtungsweise altarabischer Poesien,” Der Islam, 24 (1937), p. 229-236.

Erich Bräunlich, “Versuch einer literargeschichtlichen Betrachtungsweise altarabischer Poesien,” Der Islam, 24 (1937), p. 229-236.)| false
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Ibn Qutayba, al-Šiʿr wa-l-šuʿarāʾ, p. 207.

Ibn Qutayba, al-Šiʿr wa-l-šuʿarāʾ, p. 207.)| false
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Aws b. Ḥaǧar, Dīwān Aws b. Ḥaǧar, p. 42, no 21, l. 19 and p. 105, no 40, l. 19.

Aws b. Ḥaǧar, Dīwān Aws b. Ḥaǧar, p. 42, n^o 21, l. 19 and p. 105, n^o 40, l. 19.)| false
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Ibid., p. 48, no 22, l. 7.

Steven A. Rosen and Gideon Avni, “The Edge of the Empire: The Archaeology of Pastoral Nomads in the Southern Negev Highlands in Late Antiquity,” The Biblical Archaeologist, 56 (1993), p. 197.

Steven A. Rosen and Gideon Avni, “The Edge of the Empire: The Archaeology of Pastoral Nomads in the Southern Negev Highlands in Late Antiquity,” The Biblical Archaeologist, 56 (1993), p. 197.)| false
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Ibid., p. 192.

James E. Montgomery, The Vagaries of the Qaṣīdah, p. 7-9.

James E. Montgomery, The Vagaries of the Qaṣīdah, p. 7-9.)| false
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Aws b. Ḥaǧar, Dīwān Aws b. Ḥaǧar, p. 42, no 21, l. 21.

Aws b. Ḥaǧar, Dīwān Aws b. Ḥaǧar, p. 42, n^o 21, l. 21.)| false
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Lyall, The Mufaḍḍalīyāt, ii, p. 98.

Lyall, The Mufaḍḍalīyāt, ii, p. 98.)| false
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Al-Mufaḍḍal, al-Mufaḍḍaliyyāt, p. 398, no 120, l. 8, 9, 11; transl. adapted from Michael Anthony Sells, Desert Tracings: Six Classic Arabian Odes, Middletown, Wesleyan University Press, 19891, p. 14-15.

Al-Mufaḍḍal, al-Mufaḍḍaliyyāt, p. 398, n^o 120, l. 8, 9, 11; transl. adapted from Michael Anthony Sells, Desert Tracings: Six Classic Arabian Odes, Middletown, Wesleyan University Press, 1989¹, p. 14-15.)| false
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Ibn al-Mubārak, Muntahā l-ṭalab, i, p. 385-386.

Ibn al-Mubārak, Muntahā l-ṭalab, i, p. 385-386.)| false
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Al-Muʿīnī (ed.), Šiʿr Banī Tamīm, p. 255 (twice), 389, 390, 400 and Aswad b. Yaʿfur, Dīwān Aswad b. Yaʿfur, p. 54, no 49, l. 10 (used verbally); Geyer, Gedichte von Abû Bas̤îr Maimûn ibn Qais al-ʾAʿšâ, p. 305. The term ḥimā is used three times in Ašʿār al-huḏaliyyīn in total, twice by the Umayyad Huḏalī Mulayḥ b. al-Ḥakam and Abū Ṣaḫr, and once (figuratively in the expression ḥimā al-nafs (life, “the soul’s pasture,” which cannot be protected against the fate of death) by the muḫaḍram Abū Ḫirāš: al-Sukkarī, Ašʿār al-huḏaliyyīn, p. 962, 1032, 1224. For all of the citations of vocabulary in Ašʿār al-huḏaliyyīn derived from the root Ḥ.M.Y see Bernhard Lewin, A Vocabulary of the Huḏailian Poems, Göteborg, Kungl. vetenskaps- och vitterhets-samhället (“Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum et Litterarum Gothoburgensis. Humaniora”, 13), 1978, p. 96.

Al-Muʿīnī (ed.), Šiʿr Banī Tamīm, p. 255 (twice), 389, 390, 400 and Aswad b. Yaʿfur, Dīwān Aswad b. Yaʿfur, p. 54, n^o 49, l. 10 (used verbally); Geyer, Gedichte von Abû Bas̤îr Maimûn ibn Qais al-ʾAʿšâ, p. 305. The term ḥimā is used three times in Ašʿār al-huḏaliyyīn in total, twice by the Umayyad Huḏalī Mulayḥ b. al-Ḥakam and Abū Ṣaḫr, and once (figuratively in the expression ḥimā al-nafs (life, “the soul’s pasture,” which cannot be protected against the fate of death) by the muḫaḍram Abū Ḫirāš: al-Sukkarī, Ašʿār al-huḏaliyyīn, p. 962, 1032, 1224. For all of the citations of vocabulary in Ašʿār al-huḏaliyyīn derived from the root Ḥ.M.Y see Bernhard Lewin, A Vocabulary of the Huḏailian Poems, Göteborg, Kungl. vetenskaps- och vitterhets-samhället (“Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum et Litterarum Gothoburgensis. Humaniora”, 13), 1978, p. 96.)| false
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Bauer, Altarabische Dichtkunst, i, p. 251-273.

Bauer, Altarabische Dichtkunst, i, p. 251-273.)| false
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Montgomery, The Vagaries of the Qaṣīdah, p. 258.

Montgomery, The Vagaries of the Qaṣīdah, p. 258.)| false
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For which see Renate Jacobi, “The Camel-Section of the Panegyrical Ode,” Journal of Arabic Literature, 13/1 (1982), p. 1-22.

For which see Renate Jacobi, “The Camel-Section of the Panegyrical Ode,” Journal of Arabic Literature, 13/1 (1982), p. 1-22.)| false
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Michael Bonner, “Commerce and Migration in Arabia before Islam: A Brief History of a Long Literary Tradition,” in Iranian Languages and Culture: Essays in Honor of Gernot Ludwig Windfuhr, eds Behrad Aghaei and Mohammad R. Ghanoonparvar, Costa Mesa, Mazda Publishers, 2012, p. 81-89.

Michael Bonner, “Commerce and Migration in Arabia before Islam: A Brief History of a Long Literary Tradition,” in Iranian Languages and Culture: Essays in Honor of Gernot Ludwig Windfuhr, eds Behrad Aghaei and Mohammad R. Ghanoonparvar, Costa Mesa, Mazda Publishers, 2012, p. 81-89.)| false
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Ibid., p. 86.