This study was designed to examine the relationships between social support, perceived stress, religiosity, and flourishing and to test the mediating role of perceived stress in the relationships between social support and religiosity with flourishing. This study also examines the moderating roles of religiosity and gender in the relationship between social support and flourishing among 2301 Malaysian older adults. Structural Equation Modelling showed that older adults with high levels of social support, high levels of intrinsic religious motivation, high levels of extrinsic religious motivation, and low levels of perceived stress were more likely to experience flourishing. Bootstrapping analysis provided evidence of perceived stress as a significant partial mediator in the links between social support, intrinsic religious motivation, and extrinsic religious motivation with flourishing. Multi-group analysis revealed that religiosity and gender acted as significant moderators in the links between social support, perceived stress, and flourishing.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
Abdollahi, A., Abu Talib, M., Yaacob, S. N., & Ismail, Z. (2014). Hardiness as a mediator between perceived stress and happiness in nurses. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 21(9), 789-796. http://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12142.
Abdollahi, A., Talib, M. A., & Motalebi, S. A. (2015). Emotional intelligence and depressive symptoms as predictors of happiness among adolescents. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 9(4), 1-6.
Abdollahi, A., Talib, M. A., Yaacob, S. N., & Ismail, Z. (2014). Problem-solving skills and hardiness as protective factors against stress in Iranian nurses. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 35(2), 100-107. http://doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2013.843621.
Abolfathi Momtaz, Y., Hamid, T.-A., Ibrahim, R., Yahaya, N., & Tyng Chai, S. (2011). Moderating effect of religiosity on the relationship between social isolation and psychological well-being. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 14(2), 141-156.
Abolfathi Momtaz, Y., Ibrahim, R., & Hamid, T. A. (2014). The impact of giving support to others on older adults’ perceived health status. Psychogeriatrics, 14(1), 31-37. http://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12036.
Aghababaei, N., Sohrabi, F., Eskandari, H., Borjali, A., Farrokhi, N., & Chen, Z. J. (2016). Predicting subjective well-being by religious and scientific attitudes with hope, purpose in life, and death anxiety as mediators. Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 93-98.
Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5(4), 432-443. http://doi.org/10.1037/h0021212.
Angleitner, A. (1978). Health, socioeconomic status and self-perception in the elderly: An application of the interpersonal checklist. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 8(4), 293-299.
Arbuckle, J. L. (2006). AMOS (version 20)[computer program]. Chicago: IBM, SPSS.
Barriball, L., Fitzpatrick, J., & Roberts, J. (2011). Emotional intelligence: Its relationship to stress, coping, well-being and professional performance in nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 31(8), 855-860. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2010.12.023.
Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000). From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Social Science & Medicine, 51(6), 843-857.
Byrd, K. R., Hageman, A., & Isle, D. B. (2007). Intrinsic motivation and subjective well-being: The unique contribution of intrinsic religious motivation. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 17(2), 141-156.
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming, second edition. (L. E. A. Publishers, Ed.). Routledge Academic. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/dp/0805863737.
Chaaya, M., Sibai, A. M., Fayad, R., & El-Roueiheb, Z. (2007). Religiosity and depression in older people: Evidence from underprivileged refugee and non-refugee communities in Lebanon. Aging and Mental Health, 11(1), 37-44.
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385-396.
Dalgard, O. S., Dowrick, C., Lehtinen, V., Vazquez-Barquero, J. L., Casey, P., Wilkinson, G., …Dunn, G. (2006). Negative life events, social support and gender difference in depression. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41(6), 444-451. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-006-0051-5.
Deci, E. L., La Guardia, J. G., Moller, A. C., Scheiner, M. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). On the benefits of giving as well as receiving autonomy support: Mutuality in close friendships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(3), 313-327.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. http://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01.
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2014). Life expectancy at birth. Retrieved from Retrieved May 9, 2014, from https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/#.
Diener, E., Tay, L., & Myers, D. G. (2011). The religion paradox: If religion makes people happy, why are so many dropping out? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(6), 1278.
Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D. won, Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), 143-156. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y.
Dyson, R., & Renk, K. (2006). Freshmen adaptation to university life: Depressive symptoms, stress, and coping. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(10), 1231-1244.
Findlay, R. A. (2003). Interventions to reduce social isolation amongst older people: where is the evidence? Ageing and Society, 23(5), 647-658.
Francis, L. J., Ziebertz, H.-G., & Lewis, C. A. (2003). The relationship between religion and happiness among German students. Pastoral Psychology, 51(4), 273-281.
Franck, L., Molyneux, N., & Parkinson, L. (2016). Systematic review of interventions addressing social isolation and depression in aged care clients. Quality of Life Research, 25(6), 1395-1407.
Gallagher, E. N., & Vella-Brodrick, D. a. (2008). Social support and emotional intelligence as predictors of subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(7), 1551-1561. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.011.
González-Carrasco, M., Casas, F., Malo, S., Viñas, F., & Dinisman, T. (2017). Changes with age in subjective well-being through the adolescent years: Differences by gender. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(1), 63-88.
Gorsuch, R. L., & McPherson, S. E. (1989). Intrinsic / Extrinsic Measurement : I / E-Revised and Single-Item Scales. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 28(3), 348-354.
Grynderup, M. B., Nabe-Nielsen, K., Lange, T., Conway, P. M., Bonde, J. P., Francioli, L., …Hansen, Å. M. (2016). Does perceived stress mediate the association between workplace bullying and long-term sickness absence? Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 58(6), 226-230. http://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000750.
Gustavson, K. A., Alexopoulos, G. S., Niu, G.C., McCulloch, C., Meade, T., & Areán, P. A. (2016). Problem-solving therapy reduces suicidal ideation in depressed older adults with executive dysfunction. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(1), 11-17.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (c) (Vol. 7). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/.
Helgeson, V. S. (2003). Social support and quality of life. Quality of Life Research, 12(1), 25-31.
Hupcey, J. E. (1998). Clarifying the social support theory‐research linkage. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27(6), 1231-1241.
Huppert, F. A., & So, T. T. C. (2013). Flourishing across Europe: Application of a new conceptual framework for defining well-being. Social Indicators Research, 110(3), 837-861.
Huta, V., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Pursuing pleasure or virtue: The differential and overlapping well-being benefits of hedonic and eudaimonic motives. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11(6), 735-762.
Johnstone, M. J., Hutchinson, A. M., Rawson, H., & Redley, B. (2016). Assuaging death anxiety in older overseas-born Australians of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds hospitalised for end-of-life care. Contemporary Nurse, 52(2-3), 269-285.
Joshanloo, M. (2016). Revisiting the empirical distinction between hedonic and eudaimonic aspects of well-being using exploratory structural equation modeling. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1-14.
Keyes, C. L. M. (2002a). Complete mental health: Understanding the nexus of age, mental health and physical health. Gerontologist, 42, 120.
Keyes, C. L. M. (2002b). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 2(43), 207-222.
Keyes, C. L. M. (2013). Flourishing as a protective factor against all cause mortality with age. Gerontologist, 53, 565.
Keyes, C. L. M. (2014). Happiness, flourishing, and life satisfaction. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society: Wiley Online Library.
Keyes, C. L. M., Kendler, K. S., Myers, J. M., & Martin, C. C. (2015). The genetic overlap and distinctiveness of flourishing and the big five personality traits. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(3), 655-668.
Kishimoto, Y., Okamoto, N., Saeki, K., Tomioka, K., Obayashi, K., Komatsu, M., & Kurumatani, N. (2016). Bodily pain, social support, depression symptoms and stroke history are independently associated with sleep disturbance among the elderly: A cross-sectional analysis of the Fujiwara-kyo study. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 1-9. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12199-016-0529-z.
Kline, R. B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York.The Guilford Press. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.my.
Koenig, H. G. (2009). Faith and mental health: Religious resources for healing. Templeton Foundation Press.
Kong, F., Zhao, J., & You, X. (2012). Emotional intelligence and life satisfaction in Chinese university students: The mediating role of self-esteem and social support. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(8), 1039-1043.
Korten, N., Comijs, H. C., Penninx, B. W., & Deeg, D. J. (2017). Perceived stress and cognitive function in older adults: Which aspect of perceived stress is important? International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(4), 439-445.
Kwan, P., Ali, A., & Deuri, S. P. (2016). Psychiatric morbidity, quality of life, and perceived social support among elderly population: A community-based study. Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences, 7(1), 31-35.
La Fleur, C. G., & Salthouse, T. A. (2016). Which aspects of social support are associated with which cognitive abilities for which people? The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, gbv119.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Lewis, C. A. (2002). Church attendance and happiness among Northern Irish undergraduate students: No association. Pastoral Psychology, 50(3), 191-195.
Maschi, T., Viola, D., Morgen, K., & Koskinen, L. (2015). Trauma, stress, grief, loss, and separation among older adults in prison: The protective role of coping resources on physical and mental well-being. Journal of Crime and Justice, 38(1), 113-136.
McAuley, E., Blissmer, B., Marquez, D. X., Jerome, G. J., Kramer, A. F., & Katula, J. (2000). Social relations, physical activity, and well-being in older adults. Preventive Medicine, 31(5), 608-617.
McCutcheon, M., & Pruchno, R. (2011). Introducing the international spotlight. The Gerontologist, 51(4), 423-424.
Möller-Leimkühler, A. M. (2003). The gender gap in suicide and premature death or: Why are men so vulnerable? European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 253(1), 1-8.
Momtaz, Y. A., Hamid, T. A., Haron, S. A., & Bagat, M. F. (2016). Flourishing in later life. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 63, 85-91. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2015.11.001.
Nelson, C., Cyr, K. S., Corbett, B., Hurley, E., Gifford, S., Elhai, J. D., & Richardson, J. D. (2011). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and suicidal ideation among Canadian Forces personnel in a national Canadian military health survey. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(11), 1483-1488.
Pargament, K. I. (1996). Religious methods of coping: Resources for the conservation and transformation of significance. Religion and the clinical practice of psychology. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Pargament, K. I., & Park, C. L. (1995). Merely a defense? The variety of religious means and ends. Journal of Social Issues, 51(2), 13-32.
Park, S. M., Cho, S., & Moon, S. S. (2010). Factors associated with suicidal ideation: Role of emotional and instrumental support. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69(4), 389-397.
Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2001). Gender differences in self-concept and psychological. Journal of Gerontology, 56(4), 195-213.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891. http://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879.
Rubin, L. H., Cook, J. A., Weber, K. M., Cohen, M. H., Martin, E., Valcour, V., …Alden, C. (2015). The association of perceived stress and verbal memory is greater in HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected women. Journal of Neurovirology, 21(4), 422-432.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141-166.
Ryan, R. M., Rigby, S., & King, K. (1993). Two types of religious internalization and their relations to religious orientations and mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(3), 586.
Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Simon and Schuster.
Smith, C. (2003). Theorizing religious effects among American adolescents. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42(1), 17-30.
Smither, J. W., & Walker, A. G. (2015). The relationship between core self-evaluations, views of god, and intrinsic/extrinsic religious motivation. Psychological Reports, 116(2), 647-662. http://doi.org/10.2466/17.07.PR0.116k24w2
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Talib, M. A., & Abdollahi, A. (2017). Spirituality moderates hopelessness, depression, and suicidal behavior among Malaysian adolescents. Journal of Religion and Health, 56(3), 784-795.
Tsai, A. C., Chi, S., & Wang, J. (2015). Association of perceived stress with depressive symptoms in older Taiwanese: Results of a population‐based study. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 15(5), 535-543.
Unalan, D., Gocer, S., Basturk, M., Baydur, H., & Ozturk, A. (2015). Coincidence of low social support and high depressive score on quality of life in elderly. European Geriatric Medicine, 6(4), 319-324. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurger.2015.02.009.
Vail, K. E., Rothschild, Z. K., Weise, D. R., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., & Greenberg, J. (2010). A terror management analysis of the psychological functions of religion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14(1), 84-94.
Van Camp, D., Barden, J., & Sloan, L. (2016). Social and individual religious orientations exist within both intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 38(1), 22-46.
Wang, V., Depp, C. A., Ceglowski, J., Thompson, W. K., Rock, D., & Jeste, D. V. (2015). Sexual health and function in later life: A population-based study of 606 older adults with a partner. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(3), 227-233. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2014.03.006.
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 943 | 133 | 1 |
Full Text Views | 250 | 2 | 0 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 46 | 2 | 0 |
This study was designed to examine the relationships between social support, perceived stress, religiosity, and flourishing and to test the mediating role of perceived stress in the relationships between social support and religiosity with flourishing. This study also examines the moderating roles of religiosity and gender in the relationship between social support and flourishing among 2301 Malaysian older adults. Structural Equation Modelling showed that older adults with high levels of social support, high levels of intrinsic religious motivation, high levels of extrinsic religious motivation, and low levels of perceived stress were more likely to experience flourishing. Bootstrapping analysis provided evidence of perceived stress as a significant partial mediator in the links between social support, intrinsic religious motivation, and extrinsic religious motivation with flourishing. Multi-group analysis revealed that religiosity and gender acted as significant moderators in the links between social support, perceived stress, and flourishing.
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 943 | 133 | 1 |
Full Text Views | 250 | 2 | 0 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 46 | 2 | 0 |