The paper discusses the global network for Indonesian diaspora scholars who work in Malaysian tertiary education, an emerging Asian education hub. The study is based on documents, text reviews, interviews, and reflections from Indonesian diaspora scholars. Our analysis identified three main themes: building academic success, brain circulation, and contributing to development in the country of origin. The analysis indicates that the interplay between the quality of human diaspora capital and Malaysian policies on higher education has shaped the academic success stories of Indonesian diaspora scholars in Malaysia. Although the Indonesian diaspora scholars in Malaysia have generated brain drain debates, the findings show that while Indonesian scholars continue to work in Malaysia, they also exercise their global networks as sources of human capital and knowledge to assist their home country.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
Altbach, P. and J. Knight. 2007. ‘The Internationalization of Higher Education: Motivations and Realities’, Journal of Studies in International Education, 11: 290–305.
Arshad, M.N.M. 2016. ‘Return to Education by Ethnicity: A case of Malaysia’, International Journal of Economics and Management 10(1): 141–154.
Asmara, I.J., Nani Grace Berliana, Elmi Achelia, Dadang Ramdhan, Maulana Akbar, and Muhammad Zulhamdani. 2020. Saintist Diaspora Indonesia: Kembali ke Tanah Air atau Berkarya di Luar Negeri? Policy Brief, No. 2020–03.P2KMI. Jakarta: LIPI
Azman, N., M. Sirat, and V. Pang. 2016. ‘Managing and Mobilising talent in Malaysia: Issues, Challenges and Policy Implications for Malaysian Universities’, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 38(3): 316–332.
ANTARANews. (9.12.2019). ‘Kepala LIPI ungkap strategi rekrut diaspora peneliti’, https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1201239/kepala-lipi-ungkap-strategi-rekrut-diaspora-peneliti. accessed 9.08.2020.
ANTARANews. (24.8.2019). ‘Kemenristekdikti: SCKD “jembatan” bagi peneliti pemula bermitra’, https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1028388/kemenristekdikti-sckd-jembatan-bagi-peneliti-pemula-bermitra. accessed 9.08.2020.
Brzozowski, Jan. 2008. ‘Brain Drain or Brain Gain? The New Economics of Brain Drain Reconsidered’, https://ssrn.com/abstract=1288043 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1288043
Burford, J., T. Uerpairojkit, M. Eppolite, and T. Vachananda. 2019. ‘Analysing the national and institutional policy landscape for foreign academics in Thailand: opportunity, ambivalence and threat’, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 41(4): 416–429.
Castles, S. and M.J. Miller. 2009. The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World, Fourth edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan
Chand, M. 2019. ‘Brain Drain, Brain Circulation, and the African Diaspora in the United States’, Journal of African Business, 20(1): 6–19.
Devadason, E. and W.M. Chan. 2014. ‘Policies and Law Regulating Migrant Workers in Malaysia: A Critical Appraisal’, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 44(1): 19–35.
Dewansyah, B. 2018. ‘Indonesian Diaspora Movement and Citizenship Law Reform: Towards Semi-dual Citizenship’, Diaspora Studies, 12(1): 52–62.
Detik. (08.05.2010). ‘Malaysia Jadi Tempat Mengabdi Ratusan Dosen dan Peneliti RI’, https://news.detik.com/berita/d-1353408/malaysia-jadi-tempat-mengabdi-ratusan-dosen-dan-peneliti-ri. accessed 9.06.2020.
Durmaz, A. 2020. ‘Diaspora as a Source of Human Capital: the Effects of the Relationship between Scientific Turkish Diaspora and the Homeland on Reverse Brain Drain’, Migration and Development, 00(00): 1–20.
Easyuni. 2021. ‘Top universities and colleges in Malaysia’, https://www.easyuni.my/en/advice/top-20-universities-in-2020-malaysia-2487/. Accessed 27.01.2021.
Grapragasem, S., A. Krishnan, and A.N. Mansor. 2014. ‘Current Trends in Malaysian Higher Education and the Effect on Education Policy and Practice: An Overview’, International Journal of Higher Education, 3:85–93.
Grossman, M. 2010. ‘Diaspora Knowledge Flows in the Global Economy’, Management Faculty Publications, 18.
Hasanah. T. 2015. Potential Social Capital of Indonesian Immigrant in Malaysia: A Preliminary Research. 2nd Global Conference on Business and Social Science-2015, GCBSS-2015, 17–18 September 2015, Bali, Indonesia.
ILO (International Labour Office). 2016. Review of Labour Policy in Malaysia. Bangkok: ILO, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
Ismail, A.A.M. and A. Doria. 2014. ‘Finding the Next ‘Wave’ in the Internationalization of Higher Education: Focus on Malaysia’, Asia Pacific Education Review, 15(3): 493–502.
Kotarumalos, N.A. 2019. ‘Ethnic Belonging Among Bugis Malays in Johor, Malaysia: Grounding the Present in the Past’, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 92(2): 317.79–97
Kompas. (9.3.2011). ‘4.000 Dosen Indonesia di PT.Malaysia’, https://edukasi.kompas/com/read/2011/03/09/22394973/4.000.Dosen.Indonesia.di.PT.Malaysia. accessed 9.06.2020.
Kompas. (20.05.2019). ‘Irwandi Jaswir, Sang Pionir Sains Halal di Luar Negeri’, https://www.kompas.id/baca/tokoh/2019/05/20/irwandi-jaswir-sang-pionir-sains-halal-di-luar-negeri/. accessed 19.06.2020
Kompasiana. (19.8.2011). ‘Menahan arus brain drain’, https://www.kompasiana.com/www.technopreneursociety.com/550efc9a813311c22cbc6657/menahan-arus-brain-drain?page=all#. accessed 9.06.2020.
Kassim, A. 1998. International migration and alien labour employment: The Malaysian experience. In S.T. Tian (Ed.), Megacities, Labour, and Communication, pp. 65–67. Singapore: Institute of South Asean Studies.
Kuznetsov, Y. and C. Sabel. 2006. ‘International migration of talent, diaspora networks, and development: overview of main issues’. In Kuznetsov, Y. (Ed.), Diaspora Networks and the International Migration on Skills: How Countries Can Draw on their Talent Abroad, pp. 3–20. Washington, DC: The World Bank Institute.
Lee, K.H. and S. Nagaraj. 2012. ‘The crisis in education’. In Hill, H., Tham, S.Y. and Ragayah, H.M.Z. (Eds.), Malaysian Development Challenges: Graduating from the Middle, pp. 213–232. London: Routledge.
Levitt, P. 1998. ‘Social remittances: migration driven local-level forms of cultural diffusion’, International Migration Review, 32(4): 926–948.
Lie, K.V. and V. Pang. 2011. ‘Academics as agents of internationalization and literacy: Malaysian responses and future challenges’. In Marginson, S. et al. (Eds.), Higher Education in the Asia-Pacific: Strategic Responses to Globalization. New York: Springer.
Malaysia. 2016. The Eleventh Malaysia Plan. Putrajaya: EPU.
Maunati, Y. 2016. ‘Translocal and Transnational Movements of Bugis and the Construction of Multiple Identities: The Case of Bugis in North Kalimantan of Indonesia and Sabah and Johor of Malaysia’, Suvarnabhumi: Multidisciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 8(2): 15–49.
Maunati, Y. and B.R. Sari. 2020. ‘Bab 3: Jaringan lokal, regional dan global diaspora akademisi dan profesional Indonesia di Malaysia’. In Lamijo (Ed.), Brain Drain atau Brain Gain? Jaringan Akademisi dan Profesional Indonesia di Malaysia. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak.
Mayr, K. and G. Peri. 2008. Return migration and the brain drain—brain gain debate. Working Paper 166, The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, University of California, San Diego.
Meyer, J-B. and M. Brown. 1999. Scientific diasporas: A new approach to the brain drain [Paper presentation]. The World Conference on Science, UNESCO-ICSU, Budapest, Hungary, Jun 1–July 26.
MOHE. 2018. Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi Malaysia. https://www.mohe.gov.my/
Muhidin, S. and A. Utomo. 2015. ‘Global Indonesian Diaspora: How Many Are There, and Where Are They?’, Journal of Asean Studies, 3(2): 93–101.
Mundayat, A. 2016. ‘Indonesia-Malaysia Cultural Network of Minangkabau Diaspora: A Preliminary Finding’, Jurnal Melayu Bil, 15(2):129–144.
Maksum. A, Aris Fauzan, and Sidiq Ahmadi. 2019. ‘The Role of the Indonesian Muslim Community Identity in Strengthening Indonesia-Malaysia Relations’, MIMBAR, Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan, 35(2): 314–324.
Munusamy, M.M. and A. Hashim. 2019. ‘Internationalization of Higher Education in Malaysia: Insights from Higher Education Administration’, An International Journal of Asia-Europe Relations (AEI) Insights: 5(1): 21–39.
Naidoo, V. 2010. ‘Transnational Higher Education: Why it Happens and Who Benefits?’, International Higher Education (58).
Naim, M. 1984. Merantau: Pola migrasi suku minangkabau. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Pande, A. 2013. ‘Conceptualising Indian Diaspora Diversities Within a Common Identity’, Economic & Political Review, XLVIII (49):59–65.
Patterson, R. 2006. ‘Transnationalism: Diaspora Homeland Development’, Social Forces, 84(4): 1891–1907.
Sari, B.R. and Lamijo. 2020. ‘Bab 2: Diaspora dosen dan profesional Indonesia di Malaysia’. In Lamijo (Ed.), Brain drain atau brain gain? Jaringan Akademisi dan Profesional Indonesia di Malaysia. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak.
Saxenian, A.L. 2005. ‘From Brain Drain to Brain Circulation: Transnational Communities and Regional Upgrading in India and China’, Studies in Comparative International Development, 40(2): 35–61.
Siar, S. 2014. ‘Diaspora Knowledge Transfer as a Development Strategy for Capturing the Gains of Skilled Migration’, Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 23(3): 299–323.
Sidhu, G.K. and S. Kaur. 2020. Enhancing global competence in higher education: Malaysia’s strategic initiatives. In Marginson, S. et al. (Eds.), Higher Education in the Asia-Pacific: Strategic Responses to Globalization, pp. 219–236. New York: Springer.
Spaan, E. and T.V. Naerssen. 2018. ‘Migration Decision-making and Migration Industry in the Indonesia-Malaysia Corridor’, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(4): 680–695.
Tejada, G., V. Varzari, and S. Porcescu. 2013. ‘Scientific Diasporas, Transnationalism, and Home-Country Development: Evidence from a Study of Skilled Moldovans Abroad’, Journal of Southeast European and the Black Sea, 13(2): 157–173.
Tham, S.Y. 2019. ‘Governing private higher education in Malaysia: Change and evolution’. In Darryl, S.L. Jarvis, and Mok, K.H. (Eds.), Transformations in Higher Education Governance in Asia: Policy, Politics and Progress. Singapore: Springer.
Tham, S.Y. 2011. Exploring access and equity in Malaysia’s private higher education. ADBI Working Paper Series No. 280, Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo.
The Conversation. (3.9.2020). ‘Indonesia’s scientific diaspora launches “matchmaking” scheme to boost global research collaboration’. https://theconversation.com/indonesias-scientific-diaspora-launches-matchmaking-scheme-to-boost-global-research-collaboration-145351. accessed 28.01.2021.
UNESCAP. 2020. Asia-Pacific Migration Report 2020: Assessing Implementation of the Global Compact for Migration. Bangkok: Social development division economic and social commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP).
Vinodrai, T. and M.S. Gertler. 2006. Creativity, culture, and innovation in the knowledge-based economy [Program on Globalization and Regional Innovation Systems]. Munk Centre for International Studies and Department of Geography, University of Toronto. Prepared for the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation.
Wan, C.D. and M. Sirat. 2018. ‘International Academics in Malaysian Public Universities: Recruitment, Integration, and Retention’, Asia Pacific Education Review 19: 241–252.
Wilkins, S. 2018. ‘Definitions of Transnational Higher Education’, International Higher Education, (95): 5–7.
Zembylas, M. 2012. ‘Transnationalism, Migration and Emotions: Implications for Education’, Globalisation, Societies and Education, 10(2): 163–179.
Zong, L. and Y. Lu. 2017. ‘Reconceptualization of “Brain Drain”’, International Journal of Chinese Education, 6(2): 288–314.
Said Zaidansyah. President of Indonesia Diaspora Network-Global (IDN-Global), Jakarta. June, 18, 2020
Berry Juliandi. Secretary General of Akademi Ilmuwan Muda Indonesia (ALMI). Jakarta. November 22, 2020
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1151 | 522 | 15 |
Full Text Views | 27 | 3 | 0 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 51 | 9 | 0 |
The paper discusses the global network for Indonesian diaspora scholars who work in Malaysian tertiary education, an emerging Asian education hub. The study is based on documents, text reviews, interviews, and reflections from Indonesian diaspora scholars. Our analysis identified three main themes: building academic success, brain circulation, and contributing to development in the country of origin. The analysis indicates that the interplay between the quality of human diaspora capital and Malaysian policies on higher education has shaped the academic success stories of Indonesian diaspora scholars in Malaysia. Although the Indonesian diaspora scholars in Malaysia have generated brain drain debates, the findings show that while Indonesian scholars continue to work in Malaysia, they also exercise their global networks as sources of human capital and knowledge to assist their home country.
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1151 | 522 | 15 |
Full Text Views | 27 | 3 | 0 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 51 | 9 | 0 |