Vocal complexity in Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus)
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Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos (ICMBio/CMA), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Programa de Pós-graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Conservação nos Trópicos, Laboratório de Biologia Marinha e Conservação e Laboratório de Conservação no Século XXI, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Alagoas, Brasil
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Abstract
Vocal complexity can be expressed through variations in repertoire size, structure, and individual manatee repertoires. Here we aimed to assess the complexity of the vocal behaviour of Antillean manatees living in captivity (i.e., artificial pools) and in reintroduction enclosures (i.e., natural enclosures placed in an estuarine area). Specifically, we evaluated: (i) the structure of vocalisations to assess whether they had variants; (ii) the variation in call production (rate and pattern) between groups with different configurations; (iii) whether individuality occurred in vocalisation structure. We found four categories of vocalisations, of which two had different variants. Not all study groups produced all call categories and variants. Older and younger males in the reintroduction enclosures had the highest call rates compared to captive females and captive males. The vocal and behavioural patterns differed between groups. Squeak call structure differed between individuals. Such vocal complexity may aid manatees in adapting to their dynamic social and structural environment, facilitating communication.
Resumo
A complexidade vocal pode ser expressa através de variações no tamanho do repertório vocal, na sua estrutura e individualidade. Aqui objetivamos avaliar a complexidade no comportamento vocal de peixes-boi-marinhos vivendo em cativeiro (i.e., piscinas artificiais) e em recintos de reintrodução (i.e., recintos naturais em uma área estuarina). Especificamente, investigamos: (i) a estrutura das vocalizações para avaliar se apresentavam variantes; (ii) a variação na produção de vocalizações (taxa e padrão) entre grupos com diferentes configurações; (iii) se a individualidade ocorre na estrutura de vocalização. Encontramos quatro categorias de vocalizações, das quais duas possuíam variantes. Nem todos os grupos de estudo produziram todas as categorias de vocalizações e suas variantes. Os machos mais velhos e os mais jovens nos recintos de reintrodução tiveram as maiores taxas de vocalizações em comparação com as fêmeas e machos cativos. Os padrões vocais e comportamentais diferiram entre os grupos. A estrutura física da vocalização Squeak diferiu entre os indivíduos. Essa complexidade vocal pode ajudar os peixes-bois-marinhos a se adaptarem ao seu ambiente social e estrutural dinâmico, facilitando a comunicação.
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Vocal complexity in Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus)
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Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos (ICMBio/CMA), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Programa de Pós-graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Conservação nos Trópicos, Laboratório de Biologia Marinha e Conservação e Laboratório de Conservação no Século XXI, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Alagoas, Brasil
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Abstract
Vocal complexity can be expressed through variations in repertoire size, structure, and individual manatee repertoires. Here we aimed to assess the complexity of the vocal behaviour of Antillean manatees living in captivity (i.e., artificial pools) and in reintroduction enclosures (i.e., natural enclosures placed in an estuarine area). Specifically, we evaluated: (i) the structure of vocalisations to assess whether they had variants; (ii) the variation in call production (rate and pattern) between groups with different configurations; (iii) whether individuality occurred in vocalisation structure. We found four categories of vocalisations, of which two had different variants. Not all study groups produced all call categories and variants. Older and younger males in the reintroduction enclosures had the highest call rates compared to captive females and captive males. The vocal and behavioural patterns differed between groups. Squeak call structure differed between individuals. Such vocal complexity may aid manatees in adapting to their dynamic social and structural environment, facilitating communication.
Resumo
A complexidade vocal pode ser expressa através de variações no tamanho do repertório vocal, na sua estrutura e individualidade. Aqui objetivamos avaliar a complexidade no comportamento vocal de peixes-boi-marinhos vivendo em cativeiro (i.e., piscinas artificiais) e em recintos de reintrodução (i.e., recintos naturais em uma área estuarina). Especificamente, investigamos: (i) a estrutura das vocalizações para avaliar se apresentavam variantes; (ii) a variação na produção de vocalizações (taxa e padrão) entre grupos com diferentes configurações; (iii) se a individualidade ocorre na estrutura de vocalização. Encontramos quatro categorias de vocalizações, das quais duas possuíam variantes. Nem todos os grupos de estudo produziram todas as categorias de vocalizações e suas variantes. Os machos mais velhos e os mais jovens nos recintos de reintrodução tiveram as maiores taxas de vocalizações em comparação com as fêmeas e machos cativos. Os padrões vocais e comportamentais diferiram entre os grupos. A estrutura física da vocalização Squeak diferiu entre os indivíduos. Essa complexidade vocal pode ajudar os peixes-bois-marinhos a se adaptarem ao seu ambiente social e estrutural dinâmico, facilitando a comunicação.
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