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The Taliban established their own judicial system in Afghanistan as both an instrument of population control and as a means to project themselves as an effective parallel government. Despite the heavy reliance on coercion, the Taliban’s method of dealing with common criminality and resolving disputes was often welcome, though the weak appeal system and the rapidity of the trials was sometimes criticized. A more structured approach to coercion, featuring rules, regulation and supervision over the military, allows less use of violence and promises increased predictability for the population, making active resistance less of a necessity. In the long run, the establishment of credible judiciary institutions reshapes the social environment and creates vested interests in favor of Taliban domination.
The Politics of the Taliban’s Shadow Judiciary, 2003–2013
in Central Asian Affairs
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References
2
Mullah ZaeefMy Life with the Taliban (London: Hurst2010) pp. 75–78; Alex Strick van Linschoten and Felix Kuehn An Enemy We Created: The Myth of the Taliban / Al-Qaeda Merger in Afghanistan 1970–2010 (London: Hurst 2012) pp. 113–24.
3
ZaeefMy Life with the Taliban p. 22; Carl Forsberg “The Taliban’s Campaign for Kandahar” Washington dc Institute for the Study of War Afghanistan Paper No. 3 2010 p. 15.
9
ZaeefMy Life with the Taliban pp. 80–90 Gilles Dorronsoro “Les Taliban ou la révolution des clercs” Etudes 39 no. 6 (1999): 743–51 ; Gilles Dorronsoro “Les Oulémas afghans au 20e siècle: bureaucratisation contestation et genèse d’un État clérical” Archives de sciences sociales des religions 3 no. 115 (2001): 63–79.
13
Gilles DorronsoroRevolution Unending (London: Hurst2005) pp. 283–84.
19
Rahmat Alizada“Reign of the Desert Court,” Afghanistan TodayAugust 11 2011.
23
Carter MalkasianWar Comes to Garmser (London: Hurst2013) p. 113.
26
MalkasianWar Comes to Garmser pp. 112–13; Casey Garret Johnson “Afghan Islamic Courts: A Pre-Taliban System With Post-2014 Potential?” New York Times April 17 2013.
43
Elder in Musa Qala March 2012.
49
Elder in Zhari summer 2011. A similar view was expressed by an elder in Panjwai summer 2011.
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Elder in Panjwai summer 2011.
68
Dan Murphy“Dent in Afghanistan War Strategy: Why Kandahar Locals Turn to Taliban,” Christian Science MonitorJuly 6 2010.
70
Miles Amoore“Afghans Flock to Judge Dread and his Butcher Boys,” The Sunday Times23 January 2011.
71
See Antonio GiustozziThe Art of Coercion (London: Hurst2011) pp. 204ff. See also Otwin Marenin Policing Change Changing Police: International Perspectives (New York: Garland Press 1996).
73
See J.L.M. Gribnau“Legitimacy of the Judiciary,” Electronic Journal of Comparative Law64 (December 2002) http://www.ejcl.org/64/art64-3.html.
Figures
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Snapshot of Taliban Courts in Mid-2012, Indicating Courts Recently Withdrawn and Courts Recently Established.
Snapshot of Taliban Courts in Mid-2012, Indicating Courts Recently Withdrawn and Courts Recently Established.
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