Mamoun Fandy, “Political Science Without Clothes: The Politics of Dress or Contesting the Spatiality of the State in Egypt,” Arab Studies Quarterly, 20, no. 2 (1998): 88.

 Mamoun Fandy, “Political Science Without Clothes: The Politics of Dress or Contesting the Spatiality of the State in Egypt,” Arab Studies Quarterly, 20, no. 2 (1998): 88.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Hakim Zainiddinov, “The Changing Relationship of the Secularized State to Religion in ­Tajikistan,” Journal of Church and State, 55, no. 3 (2013): 456–477.

 Hakim Zainiddinov, “The Changing Relationship of the Secularized State to Religion in ­Tajikistan,” Journal of Church and State, 55, no. 3 (2013): 456–477.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Richard C. Martin, ed., Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World (New York: Macmillan Reference, 2004), 721.

 Richard C. Martin, ed., Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World (New York: Macmillan Reference, 2004), 721.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Tim Epkenhans, “Regulating Religion in Post-Soviet Central Asia: Some Remarks on ­Religious Association Law and ‘Official’ Islamic Institutions in Tajikistan,” Security and Human Rights, 20, no. 1 (2009): 94–99.

 Tim Epkenhans, “Regulating Religion in Post-Soviet Central Asia: Some Remarks on ­Religious Association Law and ‘Official’ Islamic Institutions in Tajikistan,” Security and Human Rights, 20, no. 1 (2009): 94–99.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Ramziya Mirzobekova, “Khidzhab dlya tadzhichki: moda ili dan’ vere?” Asia-Plus, November 12, 2006, http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1165788180.

 Ramziya Mirzobekova, “Khidzhab dlya tadzhichki: moda ili dan’ vere?” Asia-Plus, November 12, 2006, http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1165788180.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Marintha Miles, “Switching to Satr: An Ethnography of the Particular in Women’s Choices in Head Coverings in Tajikistan,” Central Asian Affairs, 2, no. 4 (2015): 368.

 Marintha Miles, “Switching to Satr: An Ethnography of the Particular in Women’s Choices in Head Coverings in Tajikistan,” Central Asian Affairs, 2, no. 4 (2015): 368.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Adrian Blomfield, “Israeli Rabbis Clamp down on Burka,” Telegraph, July 30, 2010, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/7919501/Israeli-rabbis-clamp-down-on-burka.html.

 Adrian Blomfield, “Israeli Rabbis Clamp down on Burka,” Telegraph, July 30, 2010, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/7919501/Israeli-rabbis-clamp-down-on-burka.html.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Linda B. Arthur, ed., Religion, Dress, and the Body (New York: Berg, 1999), 1.

 Linda B. Arthur, ed., Religion, Dress, and the Body (New York: Berg, 1999), 1.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Arthur, Religion, Dress, and the Body, 10.

 Arthur, Religion, Dress, and the Body, 10.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Ahmed, A Quiet Revolution, 27–31.

 Ahmed, A Quiet Revolution, 27–31.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Ahmed, A Quiet Revolution, 20, 43.

 Ahmed, A Quiet Revolution, 20, 43.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Fadwa El Guindi, “Veiling Infitah with Muslim Ethic: Egypt’s Contemporary Islamic Movement,” Social Problems, 28, no. 4 (1981): 465–485; Gilles Kepel, Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet and Pharaoh (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003); Arlene Elowe MacLeod, “Hegemonic Relations and Gender Resistance: The New Veiling as Accommodating Protest in Cairo,” Signs, 17, no. 3 (1992): 533–557; Ghada Hashem Talhami, The Mobilization of Muslim Women in Egypt (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1996); Carrie Rosefsky Wickham, Mobilizing Islam: Religion, Activism and Political Change in Egypt (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002); John A. Williams, “Return to the Veil in Egypt,” Middle East Review, 11, no. 3 (1979): 49–54; Sherifa Zuhur, Revealing Reveiling: Islamist Gender Ideology in Contemporary Egypt (Albany: suny Press, 1992).

 Fadwa El Guindi, “Veiling Infitah with Muslim Ethic: Egypt’s Contemporary Islamic Movement,” Social Problems, 28, no. 4 (1981): 465–485; Gilles Kepel, Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet and Pharaoh (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003); Arlene Elowe MacLeod, “Hegemonic Relations and Gender Resistance: The New Veiling as Accommodating Protest in Cairo,” Signs, 17, no. 3 (1992): 533–557; Ghada Hashem Talhami, The Mobilization of Muslim Women in Egypt (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1996); Carrie Rosefsky Wickham, Mobilizing Islam: Religion, Activism and Political Change in Egypt (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002); John A. Williams, “Return to the Veil in Egypt,” Middle East Review, 11, no. 3 (1979): 49–54; Sherifa Zuhur, Revealing Reveiling: Islamist Gender Ideology in Contemporary Egypt (Albany: suny Press, 1992).)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Ahmed, A Quiet Revolution, 88–89, 123.

 Ahmed, A Quiet Revolution, 88–89, 123.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Svetlana Peshkova, “A Post-Soviet Subject in Uzbekistan: Islam, Rights, Gender, and Other Desires,” Women’s Studies, 42, no. 6 (2013), 667–695.

 Svetlana Peshkova, “A Post-Soviet Subject in Uzbekistan: Islam, Rights, Gender, and Other Desires,” Women’s Studies, 42, no. 6 (2013), 667–695.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Lisa Blaydes and Drew A. Linzer, “The Political Economy of Women’s Support for Fundamentalist Islam,” World Politics, 60, no. 4 (2008): 580.

 Lisa Blaydes and Drew A. Linzer, “The Political Economy of Women’s Support for Fundamentalist Islam,” World Politics, 60, no. 4 (2008): 580.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Author’s field notes, 2015.

 Author’s field notes, 2015.

 Author’s field notes, 2015.

 Stephan, “Education, Youth, and Islam,” 479.

 Stephan, “Education, Youth, and Islam,” 479.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Danzer and Ivaschenko, “Migration Patterns in a Remittances Dependent Economy,” 190.

 Danzer and Ivaschenko, “Migration Patterns in a Remittances Dependent Economy,” 190.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

 Kandiyoti, Women, Islam, and the State, 6.

 Kandiyoti, Women, Islam, and the State, 6.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation