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Today, Korean dharma lineages all trace themselves back to Seosan Hyujeong 西山休靜 (1520–1604). Although some claim that Hyujeong’s own lineage should be traced back to Taego Bou 太古普愚 (1301–1382), others claim that it should be traced back to Naong Hyegeun 懶翁慧勤 (1320–1376) instead. The present article will demonstrate that both claims are flawed. They fail to take an important fact into account: the assumptions that guided lineage practices in the fourteenth century were no longer guiding lineage practices in the seventeenth century, which is when both claims were first made. Attempts to trace Hyujeong’s lineage to either Taego or Naong mistakenly accept the veracity of seventeenth-century lineage claims and assumptions. In pre-seventeenth century Korea Seon masters who received dharma transmission in China officially recognized not only their Chinese Chan lineage but also their Korean Seon lineage(s). As shown in this article, there was nothing wrong with having two or more dharma lineages in Korea. Hyegeun is a good example. He claimed to have inherited two different dharma lineages and may have even had a third. Hyegeun’s lineage began to lose favor, this article argues, because it did not accord with the new assumptions that began to guide lineage practices in seventeenth-century Korea.
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Beopgyeong daesa tap bimyeong 法鏡大師塔碑銘 [Stele Inscription for Great Master Beopgyeong’s Stupa]. By Choe Eon-wi 崔彦撝 (868–944), 944. References made to HGJ: HKC: 328–337.
Bogak kuksa ji bi 普覺國師之碑 [State Preceptor Bogak’s Stele]. By Kwŏn Kŭn 權近 (1352–1409), 1394. References made to CKS: 719–725. Bogak kuksa ji bi 普覺國師之碑 [State Preceptor Bogak’s Stele]. By Kwŏn Kŭn 權近 (1352–1409), 1394. References made to CKS: 719–725.
Bojo seonsa yeongtap bimyeong 普照禪師靈塔碑銘 [Stele Inscription for Seon Master Bojo’s Spirit Stupa]. References made to HGJ: 198–202.
Bongnaesan Unsu-am Jongbong yeongdanggi 蓬萊山雲水庵鍾峰影堂記 [Record of the Portrait Hall for Jongbong of Unsu-am on Mount Bongnae]. By Pyeonyang Eon-gi 鞭羊彦機 (1581–1644), 1625. References made to HBJ8: 253a–254a.
Buljo jongpa ji do 佛祖宗派之圖 (Lineage Chart of the Buddhas and Patriarchs). By Weoljeo Doan 月渚道安 (1638–1715), 1688. References made to HBJ7: 1–9.
Chuanfa zhengzong dingzu tu 傳法正宗定祖圖 [Chart Establishing the Patriarchs of the Dharma Transmission of the True Lineage], by Qisong 契崇 (1007–1072), ca. 1054. References made to T2079.51.
Daegam guksa bimyeong 大鑑國師碑銘 [Stele Inscription for State Preceptor Daegam]. By Yi Ji-mu 李之茂 (d.u.), dated 1172. References made to HGJ: 820–824.
Daegyeong daesa tap bimyeong 大鏡大師塔碑銘 [Stele Inscription for Great Master Daegyeong’s Stupa]. By Choe Eon-wi 崔彦撝 (868–944), 939. References made to HGJ: 291–296.
Fu fazang yinyuan zhuan 付法藏因緣傳 [Account of the Avādana of the Transmission of the Dharma Treasury], translated by Tanyao 曇曜 (fl. 5th C.) and Kiṅkara 吉迦夜 (fl. 5th C.) in 472. References made to T2058.50.
Gaofeng Yuanmiao chanshi chanyao 高峰原妙禪師禪要 [Chan Essentials of Chan Master Gaofeng Yuanmiao]. Compiled by Hong Qiaozu 洪喬祖 (fl. 13th C.). References made to ZZ70.1401.702–712.
Gyeongseongdang seonsa haengjeok 敬聖堂禪師行蹟 [Seon Master Gyeongseongdang’s Record of Conduct] by Seosan Hyujeong 西山休靜 (1520–1604), 1568. References made to HBJ 7: 756a–758c.
Jajeok seonsa tap bimyeong 慈寂禪師塔碑銘 [Stele Inscription for Seon Master Jajeok’s Stupa]. By Choe Eon-wi 崔彦撝 (868–944), 941. References made to HGJ: 313–318.
Jeongjin daesa bimyeong 靜眞大師碑銘 [Funerary Epitaph for Great Master Jeongjin]. By Yi Mongyu 李夢遊 (d.u.), 965. References made to HGJ: 377–390.
Jigong hwasang seonyorok 指空和尚禪要錄 [Record of Seon Essentials by the Venerable Jigong]. Xylograph reprint dated 1474. References made to Heo, Goryeo ro olmgin Indo eui deungbul, 315–330.
Jijeung daesa bimyeong 智證大師碑銘 [Stele Inscription for Great Master Jijeung]. References made to HGJ: 246–256.
Jincheol seonsa tap bimyeong 真澈禪師塔碑銘 [Stele Inscription for Seon Master Jincheol’s Stupa]. By Choe Eon-wi 崔彦撝 (868–944), 937. References made to HGJ: 280–286.
Jin-gam seonsa bimyeong 眞鑑禪師碑銘 [Stele Inscription for Seon Master Jin-gam]. By Choe Chi-weon 崔致遠 (b. 857), 887. References made to HGJ: 204–211.
Jingde chuandeng lu 景德傳燈錄 [Jingde Era Record of the Transmission of the Lamp]. By Daoyuan 道原 (d.u.), 1004. References made to T2076.51.
Jin-gong daesa bi 真空大師碑 [Great Master Jin-gong’s Stele]. By King Taejo 太祖 (r. 918–943), 940. References made to HKC: 308–313.
Jin-gyeong daesa tap bimyeong 真鏡大師塔碑銘 [Stele Inscription for Great Master Jin-gyeong’s Stupa]. By King Gyeongmyeong 景明王 (r. 917–924), 924. References made to HKC: 256–262.
Myoeom jonja tammyeong 妙嚴尊者塔銘 [Inscription for Venerable Myoeom’s (Longevity) Stupa]. By Byeon Gye-ryang 卞季良 (1369–1430), 1410. References made to CKS: 1280–1283.
-Nang-weon daesa tap bimyeong 郎圓大師塔碑銘 [Stele Inscription for Great Master Nang-weon]. By Choe Eon-wi 崔彦撝 (868–944), 940. References made to HGJ: 303–307.
Neungga Boweol tap gi 楞伽寶月塔記 [Record of the Laṅkāvatāra Jeweled Moon Stupa]. References made to HGJ: 229–233.
Samgu yusa 三國遺事 [Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms]. By Iryeon 一然 (1206–1289), 1281. References made to HPC 6: 245–369.
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Seon-gak wangsa ji bi 禪覺王師之碑 [Royal Preceptor Seon-gak’s Stele] by Yi Saek 李穡 (1328–1396), 1377. References made to CKS: 498–502.
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Yeoheunggun Silleuk-sa Boje sari seokjong gi 驪興郡神勒寺普濟舍利石鐘記 [Stone Reliquary Record for Boje of Silleuk-sa in Yeoheunggun]. By Yi Saek 李穡 (1328–1396), 1379. References made to CKS: 514–519.
Zongjing lu 宗鏡錄 (Records of the Source Mirror). By Yongming Yanshou 永明延壽 (904–975), 961. References made to T2016.48.
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All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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Today, Korean dharma lineages all trace themselves back to Seosan Hyujeong 西山休靜 (1520–1604). Although some claim that Hyujeong’s own lineage should be traced back to Taego Bou 太古普愚 (1301–1382), others claim that it should be traced back to Naong Hyegeun 懶翁慧勤 (1320–1376) instead. The present article will demonstrate that both claims are flawed. They fail to take an important fact into account: the assumptions that guided lineage practices in the fourteenth century were no longer guiding lineage practices in the seventeenth century, which is when both claims were first made. Attempts to trace Hyujeong’s lineage to either Taego or Naong mistakenly accept the veracity of seventeenth-century lineage claims and assumptions. In pre-seventeenth century Korea Seon masters who received dharma transmission in China officially recognized not only their Chinese Chan lineage but also their Korean Seon lineage(s). As shown in this article, there was nothing wrong with having two or more dharma lineages in Korea. Hyegeun is a good example. He claimed to have inherited two different dharma lineages and may have even had a third. Hyegeun’s lineage began to lose favor, this article argues, because it did not accord with the new assumptions that began to guide lineage practices in seventeenth-century Korea.
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 321 | 135 | 3 |
Full Text Views | 31 | 15 | 0 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 73 | 33 | 0 |