Heterogeneity, Participation and Democratic Quality in Latin America: A Comparison between Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
In: Comparative SociologySearch for other papers by Michael Stoiber in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by Michèle Knodt in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by Marie-Sophie Heinelt in
Current site
Google Scholar
Abstract
Societal and economic heterogeneity are regarded as a challenge to the functioning of democracies. We integrate this problem as context variables into a model of evaluating the quality of democracy. The context determines the optimal composition of participation structures. This demand has to be confronted with the given structure and its effectiveness.
We discuss the problem of effective participation for Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, which share similar problems regarding economic inequality and societal heterogeneity. Our main aim is to analyze how different institutional settings are enabling citizens, particularly minorities, in the decision making process and how these elements affect democratic stability and the quality of democracy.
We deduce the demand for differentiated participation structures from the societal and institutional context and qualitatively compare the effectiveness of the given participation structures. We analyze how the deficits in the institutional arrangements and their effectiveness affect the democratic quality and the democratic stability of the systems. We find that overlapping societal and socio-economic heterogeneity can be considered as especially threatening to democratic consolidation and stability.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
-
Abromeit Heidrun Democracy in Europe. Legitimising Politics in a Non-State Polity 1998 New York/Oxford
-
Abromeit Heidrun „Die Messbarkeit von Demokratie: Zur Relevanz des Kontexts“, Politische Vierteljahresschrift 2004 45 1 73 93
-
Aranda Sánchez José & María/Vega Rocha Verónica “Bolivia como un paradigma de movimientos sociales en la América Latina del siglo XXI,” Ciencia Ergo Sum 2010 17 2 117 126
-
Assies Willem “Bolivia: A Gasified Democracy,” Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe 2004 76 25 43
-
Banco Central de Ecuador 2004 Cuentas Provinciales 2001–2006. http://www.bce.fin.ec/frame.php?CNT=ARB0000175 [19.04.11].
-
Banco de la República de Colombia 2010 Colombia en cifras 2008–2009. http://www.banrep.gov.co/documentos/publicaciones/regional/anuario/2008-2009.pdf [19.04.11].
-
Barrera Guarderas Augusto Duterme Bernard “Ecuador: el movimiento indígena, entre lo social y lo político’, Movimientos y Poderes de Izquierda en América Latina 2005 Madrid Editorial Popular 149 161
-
Becker Marc “Correa, Indigenous Movements, and the Writing of a New Constitution in Ecuador,” Latin American Perspectives 2011 38 47 61
-
Bowen James D. “Ecuador’s 2009 presidential and legislative elections,” Electoral Studies 2010 29 186 189
-
Buchanan James M. & Tullock Gordon The Calculus of Consent. Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy 1962 Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press
-
Catón Matthias Schmidt Michael „Wahlen und Demokratie in Lateinamerika: Stärkung der Output-Legitimation nötig,“ Wahlsysteme und Wahltypen. Politische Systeme und regionale Kontexte im Vergleich 2006 Wiesbaden VS Verlag 302 316
-
Centellas Miguel “Electoral Reform, Regional Cleavages, and Party System Stability in Bolivia,” Journal of Politics in Latin America 2009 1 2 115 131
-
Centellas Miguel “Bolivia’s Regional Elections. A Setback for Evo Morales,” America’s Quarterly 2010 http://www.americasquarterly.org/bolivia-regional-elections-april2010 [11.04.11].
-
Centellas Miguel/Alpert & Alexandra/Singer Matthew M. “The 2009 Presidential and Legislative Elections in Bolivia,” Electoral Studies 2010 29 4 757 761
-
Consejo Nacional Electoral Resultados Preliminares Elecciones 2009 2009 http://app.cne.gob.ec/resultados2009/ [04.05.11].
-
Crabtree John Crabtree John “Political Parties and Intermediation in Peru,” Making Institutions Work in Peru 2006 London Institute of Latin American Studies 24 44
-
Dahl Robert A. Democracy and its Critics 1989 New Haven Yale UP
-
Dahl Robert A. “Equality versus Inequality,” Political Science and Politics 1996 29 4 639 648
-
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística “La visibilización estadística de los grupos colombianos.” 2005 http://www.dane.gov.co/daneweb_V09/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46&Itemid=123 [19.04.11].
-
Diamond Larry, Linz Juan & Lipset Seymor “Introduction,” Politics in Developing Countries: Comparing Experiences with Democracy 1995 Boulder Lynne Rienner 1 58
-
Eaton Kent “Backlash in Bolivia: Regional Autonomy as a Reaction against Indigenous Mobilzation,” Politics and Society 2007 35 71 102
-
Escárzaga Fabiola Boris Dieter „Unterschiedliche Protestformen indigener Sektoren,“ Sozialstrukturen in Lateinamerika. Ein Überblick 2008 Wiesbaden VS Verlag 195 220
-
García Linera Álvaro “The State in Transition: Power Bloc and Point of Bifurcation,” Latin American Perspective 2010 37 34 48
-
Goodin Robert E. “Designing Constitutions: the Political Constitution of a Mixed Commonwealth,” Political Studies 1996 44 3 635 646
-
Gray Vanessa Joan “The New Research on Civil Wars: Does it Help Us Understand the Colombian Conflict?” Latin American Politics and Society 2008 50 3 63 91
-
Hadenius Axel Democracy and Development 1992 Cambridge Cambridge UP.
-
Hall Gillette & Patrinos Harry Anthony Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Human Development in Latin America: 1994–2004 2004 Washington World Bank Report
-
Helfrich Linda Mittag Jürgen & Ismar Georg „Soziale Bewegungen in Kolumbien,“ „El pueblo unido“? Soziale Bewegungen und politischer Protest in der Geschichte Lateinamerikas 2009 Münster Westfälisches Dampfboot 81 108
-
Hoffmann Karl-Dieter Stüwe Klaus & Rinke Stefan „Das politische System Ecuadors,“ Die politischen Systeme in Nord- und Lateinamerika 2008 Wiesbaden VS Verlag 198 224
-
Instituto Nacional Estadística e Informatica del Peru 2009: Producto Interno por Departamentos 2009 Informe del INEI. http://www1.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0866/Libro.pdf [20.04.11].
-
Jäger Thomas Die Tragödie Kolumbiens. Staatszerfall, Gewaltmärkte und Drogenökonomie 2007 Wiesbaden VS Verlag
-
Jost Stefan Stüwe Klaus & Rinke Stefan „Das politische System Boliviens,“ Die politischen Systeme in Nord- und Lateinamerika 2008 Wiesbaden VS Verlag 86 113
-
Jost Stefan Ernst Tanja & Schmalz Stefan „Kritische Anmerkungen zum bolivianischen Verfassungsprozess,“ Die Neugründung Boliviens? Die Regierung Morales. 2009 Baden-Baden Nomos 33 45
-
König Hans-Joachim & Schuster Sven Stüwe Klaus & Rinke Stefan „Das politische System Kolumbiens,“ Die politischen Systeme in Nord- und Lateinamerika 2008 Wiesbaden VS Verlag 341 361
-
Kohl Benjamin & Bresnahan Rosalind “Introduction Bolivia under Morales: National Agenda, Regional Challenges, and the Struggle for Hegemony,” Latin American Perspectives 2010 37 5 4 20
-
Kymlicka Will Multicultural Citizenship. A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights 1995 Oxford Oxford UP.
-
Kurtenbach Sabine Kurtenbach Sabine, Minkner-Bünjer Mechthild & Steinhauf Andreas „Kolumbien – Krise von Politik, Staat und Gesellschaft,“ Die Andenregion – Neuer Krisenbogen in Lateinamerika 2004 Frankfurt a.M. Vervuert 209 224
-
Kurtenback Sabine Sicherheit zuerst: eine Bilanz nachholender Staatsbildung in Kolumbien Giga-Focus Lateinamerika 2010 6 10
-
Lane Jan-Erik Constitutions and Political Theory 1996 Manchester Routledge
-
Lauth Hans-Joachim Demokratie und Demokratiemessung. Eine konzeptionelle Grundlegung für den interkulturellen Vergleich 2004 Wiesbaden VS Verlag
-
Lehoucq Fabrice “Bolivia’s Constitutional Breakdown,” Journal of Democracy 2008 19 4 110 124
-
Lijphart Arend “Democratic Political Systems: Types, Cases, Causes, and Consequences,” Journal of Theoretical Politics 1989 1 33 48
-
Lijphart Arend Kymlicka Will “Self Determination versus Predetermination of Ethnic Minorities in Power-Sharing Systems,” The Rights of Minority Cultures 1995 Oxford Oxford UP 275 287
-
Lijphart Arend Patterns of Democracy. Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries 1999 New Haven Yale UP
-
Lijphart Arend “Constitutional Design for Divided Societies,” Journal of Democracy 2004 15 2 96 109
-
Lipset Seymor M. “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy,” American Political Science Review 1959 53 1 69 105
-
Merkel Wolfgang “Embedded and Defective Democracies,” Democratization 2004 11 5 33 58
-
Minkner-Bünjer Mechthild „Ecuador vor den Wahlen. Geht Correas ‚Bürgerrevolution‘ weiter?“ Giga-Focus Lateinamerika 2009a 3 9
-
Minkner-Bünjer Mechthild Mittag Jürgen & Ismar Georg „Soziale Bewegungen in Ecuador,“ „El pueblo unido“? Soziale Bewegungen und politischer Protest in der Geschichte Lateinamerikas 2009b Münster Westfälisches Dampfboot 133 165
-
Minorities at Risk 2006 Assessment for Blacks in Colombia. http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=10001 [30.04.11].
-
Mücke Ulrich Stüwe Klaus & Rinke Stefan „Das politische System Perus,“ Die politischen Systeme in Nord- und Lateinamerika 2008 Wiesbaden VS Verlag 487 506
-
Muller Edward N. “Democracy, economic development, and income inequality,” American Sociological Review 1988 53 1 50 68
-
Ospina Peralta Pablo “Ecuador: ¿intento de golpe o motín policial?” Nueva Sociedad 2010 231 14 27
-
Packer John Packer John & Myntti K. “On the Definition of Minorities,” The Protection of Ethnic and Linguistic Minorities in Europe 1993 Helsinki
-
Pan Franz Der Minderheitenschutz im neuen Europa und seine historische Entwicklung 1999 Wien
-
Paredes Maritza “Weak Indigenous Politics in Peru.” CRISE Working Paper 2008 No. 33. http://www.crise.ox.ac.uk/pubs/workingpaper33.pdf [19.04.11].
-
Pickel Susanne & Pickel Gert Politische Kultur- und Demokratieforschung. Grundbegriffe, Theorien, Methoden 2006 Wiesbaden VS Verlag
-
Postero Nancy “Morales’s MAS Government: Building Indigenous Popular Hegemony in Bolivia,” Latin American Perspectives 2010 37 18 34
-
Przeworski Adam, Alvarez Michael M., Cheibub Jose A. & Limongi Neto Fernando P. “What Makes Democracies Endure?” Journal of Democracy 1996 7 1 39 55
-
Quiroga Yesko “Bolivien: Revolution in der Demokratie?” Lateinamerika Analysen 2006 14 275 111
-
Ramiréz Gallego Franklin “Desencuentros, convergencia, polarización (y viceversa). El gobierno ecuatoriano y los movimientos sociales,” Nueva Sociedad 2010 227 83 100
-
Ranincheski Sônia & Moreno Renata “Resistindo a partir do discurso e da cultura: Indígenas no conflicto armado colombiano: uma visão sobre guerra e paz no país,” Latin American Research Review 2010 45 2 69 89
-
Regalsky Pablo “Political Processes and the Reconfiguration of the State in Bolivia,” Latin American Perspectives 2010 37 35 50
-
República de Bolivia 2009 Constitución de 2009. http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Bolivia/bolivia09.html [14.04.11].
-
República de Colombia 1991 Constitución de 1991 con reformas hasta 2009. http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Colombia/vigente.html [14.04.11].
-
República de Ecuador 2008 Constituciones de 2008. http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Ecuador/ecuador08.html [14.04.11].
-
República del Perú 1993 Constitución Política del Perú 1993 con las reformas de 1995, 2000, 2002, 2004 y 2005. http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Peru/per93reforms05.html [14.04.11].
-
Richani Nazih Systems of Violence. The Political Economy of War and Peace in Colombia 2002 New York State University of New York Press
-
Schilling-Vacaflor “Bolivia’s New Constitution: Towards Participatory Democracy and Political Pluralism?” GIGA Working Paper 2010 No. 141
-
Schmidt Gregory D. “The 2006 Peruvian general election,” Electoral studies 2007 26 4 813 819
-
Schorr Bettina Mittag Jürgen & Ismar Georg „Soziale Bewegungen in Bolivien,“ „El pueblo unido“? Soziale Bewegungen und politischer Protest in der Geschichte Lateinamerikas 2009 Münster Westfälisches Dampfboot 185 216
-
Silva Rojas Alonso Kolumbianische Krise und die Verfassungsreform von 1991 1998 Tübingen
-
Steinhauf Andreas Mittag Jürgen & Ismar Georg „Ein Kommen und Gehen im Spiegel politischer Diskontinuitäten: Soziale Bewegungen in Peru,“ „El pueblo unido“? Soziale Bewegungen und politischer Protest in der Geschichte Lateinamerikas 2009 Münster Westfälisches Dampfboot 167 184
-
Stoiber Michael „Ein neues, kontextualisiertes Maß für Demokratie. Konzeptualisierung und Operationalisierung,“ Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft 2008 18 2 209 231
-
Stoiber Michael Die Qualität von Demokratien im Vergleich. Zur Bedeutung des Kontextes in der empirisch vergleichenden Demokratietheorie 2011 Baden-Baden Nomos
-
Ströbele-Gregor Juliana „Demokratische Revolution in Bolivien?“ Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte 2010 41–42 19 24
-
Suárez Hugo José Duterme Bernard “Bolivia: el nacimiento de una nueva izquierda.” Movimientos y Poderes de Izquierda en América Latina 2005 Madrid Editorial Popular 135 147
-
Thorp Rosemary & Paredes Maritza Ethnicity and the Persistence of Inequality: the Case of Peru 2010 Basingstoke Palgrave
-
Tsolakis Andreas The Reform of the Bolivian State. Domestic Politics in the Context of Globalization 2011 Boulder First Forum Press
-
van Cott Donna From Movements to Parties in Latin America. The Evolution of Ethnic Politics 2004 Cambridge Cambridge UP.
-
Vanhanen Tatu Prospects of Democracy. A Study of 172 States 1997 London Routledge
-
Welzel Christian Wahlers Gerhard & Grabow Karsten “Ist Demokratie ein universell übertragbares Konzept? Erkenntnisse der empirischen Sozialforschung,“ Parteien und Demokratie 2007 Sankt Augustin/Berlin KAS-Report 77 92
-
Welzel Christian & Inglehart Ronald “The Role of Ordinary People in Democratization,” Journal of Democracy 2008 19 1 126 140
-
Yashar Deborah J. Contesting Citizenship in Latin America 2005 Cambridge Cambridge UP.
-
Zamosc Leon “The Indian Movement and Political Democracy in Ecuador,” Latin American Politics and Society 2007 49 3 1 34
-
Zinecker Heidrun “Regime-Hybridity in Developing Countries: Achievements and Limitations of New Research on Transitions,” International Studies Review 2009 11 302 331
-
Zuazo Moira “¿Los movimientos sociales en el poder? El gobierno del mas en Bolivia,” Nueva Sociedad 2010 227 121 135
-
5)
Capotorti, Franceso (1977), Study on the Rights of Persons Belonging to Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/384/Rev.1 § 568.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 51 | 35 | 6 |
| Full Text Views | 6 | 5 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 7 | 5 | 0 |
Heterogeneity, Participation and Democratic Quality in Latin America: A Comparison between Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
In: Comparative SociologySearch for other papers by Michael Stoiber in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Michèle Knodt in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Marie-Sophie Heinelt in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
Societal and economic heterogeneity are regarded as a challenge to the functioning of democracies. We integrate this problem as context variables into a model of evaluating the quality of democracy. The context determines the optimal composition of participation structures. This demand has to be confronted with the given structure and its effectiveness.
We discuss the problem of effective participation for Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, which share similar problems regarding economic inequality and societal heterogeneity. Our main aim is to analyze how different institutional settings are enabling citizens, particularly minorities, in the decision making process and how these elements affect democratic stability and the quality of democracy.
We deduce the demand for differentiated participation structures from the societal and institutional context and qualitatively compare the effectiveness of the given participation structures. We analyze how the deficits in the institutional arrangements and their effectiveness affect the democratic quality and the democratic stability of the systems. We find that overlapping societal and socio-economic heterogeneity can be considered as especially threatening to democratic consolidation and stability.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 51 | 35 | 6 |
| Full Text Views | 6 | 5 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 7 | 5 | 0 |