Campus activists and others might refer to slights of one’s ethnicity or other cultural characteristics as “microaggressions,” and they might use various forums to publicize them. Here we examine this phenomenon by drawing from Donald Black’s theories of conflict and from cross-cultural studies of conflict and morality. We argue that this behavior resembles other conflict tactics in which the aggrieved actively seek the support of third parties as well as those that focus on oppression. We identify the social conditions associated with each feature, and we discuss how the rise of these conditions has led to large-scale moral change such as the emergence of a victimhood culture that is distinct from the honor cultures and dignity cultures of the past.
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Arudou Debito “, I Can Use Chopsticks: The Everyday Microaggressions’ that Grind Us Down.” The Japan Times 2012 May 1 Retrieved November 30, 2014 (http://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2012/05/01/community/yes-i-can-usechopsticks- the-everyday-microaggressions-that-grind-us-down/#.VHuRLcma_ga ).
Aslani Soroush, Ramirez-Martin Jimena, Brett Jeanne, Tinsley Catherine, Adair Wendi & Weingart Laurie “Implications of Honor and Dignity Culture for Negotiations: A Comparative Study of Middle Easterners and Americans.” 2011 the 24th Annual International Association of Conflict Management Conference
Ben “Divisive, Hateful Rabble-Rousing.” The Japan Times, 2012 May 22 [Letter to the editor.] Retrieved November 30, 2014 (http://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/ 2012/05/22/voices/the-elephant-in-the-foreigners-room-now-has-a-name-micro aggression/#.VHuMZ4sQ7zK ).
Etzioni Amitai “Don‘’t Sweat the Microaggressions.” The Atlantic 2014 April 8 Retrieved August 25, 2014 (http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/04/ dont-sweat-the-microaggressions/360278/).
Fenno Nathan, Christensen Kim & Rainey James “Donald Sterling Built an Empire and an Image; Words Were His Undoing.” Los Angeles Times 2014 August 2 Retrieved August 27, 2014 (http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-donald-sterling-20140803-story.html#page=1).
Flaherty Colleen “In-Class Sit-In.” Inside Higher Ed 2013 November 25 Retrieved September 13, 2014 (https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/11/25/ucla-gradstudents-stage-sit-during-class-protest-what-they-see-racially-hostile).
Fortgang Tal “Checking My Privilege: Character as the Basis of Privilege.” The Princeton Tory 2014 April 2 Retrieved September 8, 2014 (http://theprincetontory.com/main/checking-my-privilege-character-as-the-basis-of-privilege/).
Fuoco Michael A., Sherman Jerome L. & Gurman Sadie “McCain Volunteer Admits to Hoax.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 2008 October 25 Retrieved December 8, 2013 (http://www.post-gazette.com/neighborhoods/2008/10/25/McCain-volunteeradmits-to-hoax/stories/200810250133).
Hu Winnie “Princeton Student Admits Faking Attack.” The New York Times 2007 December 18 Retrieved September 8, 2014. (http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/18/ nyregion/18hoax.html?_r=0).
I Too Am Sydney (Tumbler site) 2014 Retrieved November 11 2014 (http://itooamsydney.tumblr.com/page/3).
Jarvie Jennie “Trigger Happy.” The New Republic 2014 March 3 Retrieved September 8, 2014 (http://www.newrepublic.com/article/116842/trigger-warningshave-spread-blogs-college-classes-thats-bad).
Jaschik Scott “Truth Without Consequences?” Inside Higher Ed 2011 Retrieved August 3, 2013 (http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2011/05/09/false_claim_of_police_harassment_is_debated_at_university_of_virginia).
Kling Arnold The Three Languages of Politics 2013 Kindle edition Available on Amazon.com.
Leo John “Faking the Hate.” U.S. News and World Report 2000 June 5 Retrieved December 8, 2013 (http://www.usnews.com/usnews/opinion/articles/000605/archive_034129.htm).
Ley David J. “The Culture of Victimhood: Hoaxes, Trigger Warnings and Trauma-Informed Care.” Psychology Today 2014 June 18 Retrieved September 8, 2014 (http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/women-who-stray/201406/the-culturevictimhood).
Lieber Ron “Four Stand-Out College Essays about Money.” The New York Times 2014 May 9 Retrieved September 8, 2014 (http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/10/yourmoney/four-stand-out-college-essays-about-money.html).
Lynch Rene “Paula Deen Lawsuit Dismissed, but Not Before It Destroyed Career.” Los Angeles Times 2013 August 23 Retrieved August 27, 2014 (http://www.latimes.com/ food/dailydish/la-dd-paula-deen-lawsuit-dismissed-20130823-story.html).
Mackey Robert “Can Hashtag Activism Save Kidnapped Nigerian Girls?” The New York Times New Blog 2014 May 7 Retrieved September 13, 2014 (http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/0/07/can-hashtag-activism-save-kidnapped-nigerian-girls/).
Martin Michel “Microaggressions: Be Careful What You Say.” National Public Radio 2014 April 3 Retrieved August 25, 2014 (http://www.npr.org/2014/04/03/298736678/microaggressions-be-careful-what-you-say).
McWhorter John “ ‘Microaggression’ is the New Racism on Campus.” Time 2014 March 21 Retrieved August 25, 2014 (http://time.com/32618/microaggression-isthe-new-racism-on-campus/).
Medina Jennifer “Warning: The Literary Canon Could Make Students Squirm.” The New York Times 2014 May 17 Retrieved September 8, 2014 (http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/18/us/warning-the-literary-canon-could-make-students-squirm.html).
Microaggressions: Power, Privilege, and Everyday Life (blog) 2013a Retrieved October 8,2013. (http://www.microaggressions.com/2013/02/5195/).
Microaggressions: Power, Privilege, and Everyday Life (blog) 2013b Retrieved October 8, 2013. (http://www.microaggressions.com/2013/02/5191/).
Microaggressions: Power, Privilege, and Everyday Life (blog) 2013c Retrieved October 8, 2013. (http://microaggressions.tumblr.com/post/63460388450/how-are-your-parents).
Microaggressions: Power, Privilege, and Everyday Life (blog) 2014 Retrieved September 15, 2014. (http://microaggressions.tumblr.com/about).
Nigatu Heben “21 Racial Microaggressions You Hear on a Daily Basis.” Buzzfeed 2013 December 9 Retrieved August 25, 2014 (http://www.buzzfeed.com/hnigatu/racialmicroagressions-you-hear-on-a-daily-basis).
Nigatu Heben “19 LGBT Microaggressions You Hear on a Daily Basis.” Buzzfeed 2014 February 19 Retrieved August 25, 2014 (http://www.buzzfeed.com/hnigatu/19-lgbtmicroaggressions-you-hear-on-a-daily-basis#49i1jf0).
Oberlin Microaggressions (blog) 2013 Retrieved October 8, 2013. (http://obiemicroaggressions.tumblr.com).
Owens Eric “Dartmouth Student Who Spoke ‘Mock Chinese’ Remains on the Lam.” The Daily Caller 2013 February 7 Retrieved September 12, 2014 (http://dailycaller.com/2013/02/07/dartmouth-student-who-spoke-mock-chinese-remains-on-the-lam/).
Perkins Jonathan “Letter to the Editor.” Virginia Law Weekly 2011 63 26 Retrieved August 3, 2013. (http://www.lawweekly.org/?module=displaystory&story_id=3368&edition_id=180&format=html).
Schmidt Peter “AAUP Says Trigger Warnings’ Threaten Academic Freedom.” The Chronicle of Higher Education 2014 September 8 Retrieved September 8, 2014 (http://chronicle.com/blogs/ticker/aaup-says-trigger-warnings-threaten-academicfreedom/85573).
Schwyzer Hugo “ Narratives of Suffering Overcome’: Admissions Essays and a Lamentable Trend.” Hugo Schwyzer (Blog) 2006 November 27 Retrieved September 8,2014 (http://www.hugoschwyzer.net/2006/11/27/narratives-of-suffering-overcomeadmissions-essays-and-a-lamentable-trend/).
St. John Paige “California Prison Hunger Strike Appears Headed for Stalemate.” Los Angeles Times 2013 August 13 Retrieved August 17, 2013 (http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-ff-prison-strike-20130814,0,3801151.story).
Torres Alec “Microaggression.” National Review Online 2014 February 3 Retrieved August 25, 2014 (http://www.nationalreview.com/article/370078/microaggressionalec-torres).
Vega Tanzina “Students See Many Slights as Racial Microaggressions.’ ” The New York Times 2014 March 21 Retrieved August 25, 2014 (http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/22/us/as-diversity-increases-slights-get-subtler-but-still-sting.html).
Von Jettmar Dieter F.A. “Take ‘Aggressors’ Along a Tangent.” The Japan Times 2012 May 22 [Letter to the editor.] Retrieved November 30, 2014. (http://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2012/05/22/voices/the-elephant-in-the-foreigners-room-nowhas-a-name-microaggression/#.VHuMZ4sQ7zK).
Wythe Philip “Trigger Warnings Needed in Classroom.” The Daily Targum 2014 February 18 Retrieved September 8, 2014 (http://www.dailytargum.com/article/2014/02/trigger-warnings-needed-in-classroom).
Zamichow Nora & Silverstein Stuart “As Hate-Crime Concerns Rise, So Does the Threat of Hoaxes.” Los Angeles Times 2004 April 20 Retrieved December 8, 2013 (http://articles.latimes.com/2004/apr/20/local/me-hoax20).
Gender studies scholar Hugo Schwyzer (2006), in an essay critical of this phenomenon, complains that “too many of my students insist on writing essays that I can only describe as narratives of suffering.’ ” As he puts it, possibly exaggerating in describing the logic of the students’ letters, “If your parents are immigrants, mention it. If one of your parents drinks, or is in prison, don’t hide it – wallow in it! If you moved around a lot, if you grew up surrounded by drugs or violence – share, share, share!” (Schwyzer 2006).
全部期间 | 过去一年 | 过去30天 | |
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Campus activists and others might refer to slights of one’s ethnicity or other cultural characteristics as “microaggressions,” and they might use various forums to publicize them. Here we examine this phenomenon by drawing from Donald Black’s theories of conflict and from cross-cultural studies of conflict and morality. We argue that this behavior resembles other conflict tactics in which the aggrieved actively seek the support of third parties as well as those that focus on oppression. We identify the social conditions associated with each feature, and we discuss how the rise of these conditions has led to large-scale moral change such as the emergence of a victimhood culture that is distinct from the honor cultures and dignity cultures of the past.
全部期间 | 过去一年 | 过去30天 | |
---|---|---|---|
摘要浏览次数 | 9670 | 2696 | 215 |
全文浏览次数 | 553 | 144 | 9 |
PDF下载次数 | 1045 | 329 | 20 |