This paper explores the political thought of Guinea-Bissau, focusing on the endogenous notions of community and consensus. The analysis turns on discerning the principles underpinning political power and power relations in the organicist setting. The paper considers the indigenous polity and its underlying tenets, by unveiling the centrality of the past, land (tchon), and kinship (djorson) in conceptualizations of the political community. These determine a polity ruled by participatory politics and “brotherhood consensus” (consenso di irmandade, in local creole). As this notion of “brotherhood” is tightly linked to the foundations of the political community, the Bissau-Guinean polity pins consensual politics to ontology. This ontological basis fosters commitment to engage in and reach consensus.
This analysis adds to studies on African political thought and theories of consensual democracy. Moreover, the insights offered, however spatial-specific, exemplify the potential of renewed analysis of notions of the political community in Africa and beyond, enriching the repertoire of political theory research.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
Ackerly, B. & Bajpai, R. (2013). Comparative Political Thought. In A. Blau (Ed.), Methods in Analitycal Political Theory (pp. 270–96). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203094341.
Agamben, G. (1995). Homo Sacer. Il potere sovrano e la vita nuda (Piccola Bi). Torino: Einaudi Editore.
Agamben, G. (1996). Mezzi senza fine. Note sulla politica. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri Editore.
Agulanna, C.O. & Osimiri, P. (2017). African Worldview and the Question of Democratic Substance. In I. E. Ukpokolo (Ed.), Themes, Issues and Problems in African Philosophy (pp. 333–49). Palgrave Macmillan.
Ajei, M.O. (2016). Kwasi Wiredu’s consensual democracy: Prospects for practice in Africa. European Journal of Political Theory 15(4), pp. 445–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474885116666451.
Ani, E.I. (2014). On Traditional African Consensual Rationality. Journal of Political Philosophy 22(3), pp. 342–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopp.12013.
Ani, E.I. (2018). The Question Of Rationality On Kwasi Wiredu’s Consensual Democracy. In E. E. Etieyibo (Ed.), Methods, Substance, And The Future Of African Philosophy (pp. 251–73). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bayart, J.-F. (2003). The State. In T. Young (Ed.), Readings in African Politics (pp. 40–45). Oxford: James Currey.
Bayart, J.-F. (2009). The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Malden, MA: Polity.
Bongmba, E.K. (2001). African Witchcraft and Otherness. A Philosophical and Theological Critique of Intersubjective Relations. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Bongmba, E.K. (2006). The Dialectics of Transformation in Africa. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bordonaro, L.I. (2009). Introduction: Guinea-Bissau Today – The Irrelevance of the State and the Permanence of Change. African Studies Review 52(2), pp. 35–46. https://doi.org/10.1353/arw.0.0211.
Brown, L. (2004). African Philosophy: New And Traditional Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bussotti, L. & Ngoenha, S.E. (2008). La Guinea Bissau Contemporanea: Studi Postcoloniali. Torino: L’Harmattan Italia.
Ceesay, H. (2016). Guinea-Bissau: the “narco-state” and the impact on institutions in Guinea-Bissau and countries in the sub-region. In P. Chabal & T. Green (Eds.), Guinea-Bissau: Micro-State to “Narco-State” (pp. 205–28). London: Hurst and Company.
Chabal, P. & Green, T. (2016). Guinea Bissau: Micro-State to “Narco-State.”London: Hurst and Company.
Chan, S. (2021). African Political Thought. An Intellectual History of the Quest for Freedom. London: Hurst and Company.
Chemhuru, M. (2017). Gleaning the social contract theory from African communitarian philosophy. South African Journal of Philosophy 36(4), pp. 505–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2017.1359470.
Dallmayr, F. (2008). Comparative Political Theory: What Is It, and What Is It Good For? In T. Shogimen & C. J. Nederman (Eds.), Western Political Thought In Dialogue With Asia (pp. 13–24). Lanham, Md: Lexington Books.
Djaló, T. (2012). O Mestiço e o Poder: Identidades, Dominações e Resistências na Guiné. Lisbon: Vega.
Euben, R.L. (1997). Comparative Political Theory: An Islamic Fundamentalist Critique of Rationalism. The Journal of Politics 59(1), pp. 28–55. https://doi.org/10.2307/2998214.
Euben, R.L. (2006). Journeys to the Other Shore : Muslim and Western Travelers in Search of Knowledge. Princeton, Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Eze, E.C. (2000). Democracy or Consensus? Response To Wiredu. Polylog.
Eze, M.O. (2008). What is African communitarianism? Against consensus as a regulative ideal. South African Journal of Philosophy 27(4), pp. 386–99. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajpem.v27i4.31526.
Forrest, J.B. (2016). Guinea-Bissau’s colonial and post-colonial political institutions. In P. Chabal & T. Green (Eds.), Guinea-Bissau: Micro-State to “Narco-State” (pp. 37–54). London: Hurst And Company.
Godrej, F. (2009). Response to “what is comparative political theory”? Review of Politics 71(4), pp. 567–82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003467050999091X.
Guerreiro, S. & Pires, H. (2020). Proposta de Diploma sobre a atuação das autoridades tradicionais em matéria de justiça. Consulta Técnica. Bissau: Guinea-Bissau.
Gyekye, K. (1995). An Essay On African Philosophical Thought: The Akan Conceptual Scheme. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Gyekye, K. (1997). Tradition and Modernity: Philosophical Reflections on the African Experience. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hallen, B. (2015). Personhood in a Communitarian Context. Thought and Practice: A Journal of the Philosophical Association of Kenya 7(2), pp. 1–10.
Han, B.-C. ([2005] 2019). What Is Power?. Cambridge: Polity Press. (Original work published 2005).
Ikuenobe, P.A. (2016). The Communal Basis for Moral Dignity: An African Perspective. Philosophical Papers 45(3), pp. 437–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/05568641.2016.1245833.
Imafidon, E., Matolino, B., Ogbonnaya, L.U., Agada, A., Attoe, A.D., Mangena, F., & Etieyibo, E. (2019). Are we finished with the ethnophilosophy debate? A multi-perspective conversation. Filosofia Theoretica 8(2), pp. 111–38. https://doi.org/10.4314/ft.v8i2.9.
Jung, H.Y. (2002). Comparative Political Culture in The Age Of Globalization: An Introductory Anthology. Lanham, Md: Lexington Books.
Kapust, D.J. & Kinsella, H.M. (Eds.). (2017). Comparative Political Theory in Time And Place. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kwesi, R. (2021). People and power in an African consensual democracy. South African Journal of Philosophy 40(4), pp. 362–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2021.1996142.
Lei Da Terra, N 5/98, April 23, 1998; Enacting Regulation November 19, 2018.
Marshall, M.N. (1996). Sampling for qualitative research. Family Practice 13(6), pp. 522–25.
Matolino, B. (2013). The Nature of Opposition in Kwasi Wiredu’s Democracy by Consensus. African Studies 72(1), pp. 138–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2013.776201.
Matolino, B. (2016). Rationality and Consensus in Kwasi Wiredu’s Traditional African Polities. Theoria 63(146), pp. 36–55. https://doi.org/10.3167/th.2015.6314603.
Matolino, B. (2018a). Consensus as Democracy in Africa (1st ed.). Grahamstown: Africa Humanities Program & nisc (Pty) Ltd.
Matolino, B. (2018b). The politics of limited communitarianism. Filosofia Theoretica: Journal of African Philosophy, Culture and Religions 7(2), p. 101. https://doi.org/10.4314/ft.v7i2.7.
Matolino, B. (2019). Afro-Communitarian Democracy. London: Lexington Books.
Mbiti, J.S. ([1969] 1990). African religions and philosophy (2nd ed.). https://library.soas.ac.uk/Record/116538 (Original work published 1969).
Menkiti, I.A. (1984). Person And Community in African Traditional Thought. In R. Wright (Ed.), African Philosophy: An Introduction. New York: University Press of America.
Menkiti, I.A. (2002). Philosophy and the State in Africa: Some Rawlsian Considerations. Philosophia Africana 5(2), pp. 35–51. https://doi.org/10.5840/philafricana2002524.
Menkiti, I.A. (2004). On the Normative Concept of a Person. In: K. Wiredu, W.E. Abraham, A. Irele, & I.A. Menkiti (Eds.), A Companion to African Philosophy (pp. 324–331). Oxford (Uk): Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Menkiti, I.A. (2018). Philosophy and The State in Africa. In E. E. Etieyibo (Ed.), Methods, Substance, and the Future of African Philosophy (pp. 293–313). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
Molefe, M. (2017a). Critical Comments on Afro-Communitarianism: The Community versus Individual. Filosofia Theoretica: Journal of African Philosophy, Culture and Religions 6(1), pp. 1–22. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ft.v6i1.1.
Molefe, M. (2017b). Individualism in African moral cultures. Cultura. International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology 14(2), pp. 49–68. https://doi.org/10.3726/cul.2017.02.03.
Nóbrega, Á. (2015). Guiné-Bissau: Um Caso De Democratização Difícil (1998–2008). Lisbon: Instituto Superior De Ciências Sociais E Políticas.
Oduor, R.M.J. (2019). Liberal democracy: An African critique. South African Journal of Philosophy 38(1), pp. 108–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2019.1583882.
Ostheimer, A.E. (2001). The structural crisis in Guinea-Bissau’s political system. African Security Review 10(4), pp. 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2001.9627951.
Ramose, M.B. (1992). African democratic tradition: oneness, consensus and openness: a reply to Wamba-dia-Wamba. Quest: An International African Journal of Philosophy 6(2), pp. 63–83.
Rettová, A. (2016). Time as Myth, Time as History in Afrophone Novels on Ujamaa (Tanzanian Socialism) and the Second Chimurenga/Umvukela (Zimbabwean Liberation War). Comparative Literature 68(4), pp. 389–407. https://doi.org/10.1215/00104124-3698477.
Scantamburlo, L. (1999). Dicionário De Crioulo (Volume I-). Lisbon: Ed. Colibrí.
Senghor, L.S. (1965). Prose And Poetry. London: Oxford University Press.
Shaw, M. & Gomes, A. (2020). Breaking the Vicious Cycle: Cocaine politics in Guinea-Bissau. In: Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime.
Teffo, J. (2004). Democracy, Kingship, and Consensus: A South African Perspective. In K. Wiredu, W.E. Abraha, A. Irele, & I.A. Menkiti (Eds.), A Companion To African Philosophy (pp. 443–49). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Vaismoradi, M., Turunen, H., & Bondas, T. (2013). Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study. Nursing and Health Sciences 15(3), pp. 398–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12048.
Von Vacano, D. (2015). The scope of comparative political theory. Annual Review of Political Science, February 18, pp. 465–80. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-071113-044647.
Wamala, E. (2004). Government by Consensus: An Analysis of a Traditional form of Democracy. In K. Wiredu, W.E. Abraham, A. Irele, & I.A. Menkiti (Eds.), A Companion to African Philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Williams, M.S. & Warren, M.E. (2014). A Democratic Case for Comparative Political Theory. Political Theory 42(1), pp. 26–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591713507934.
Wiredu, K. (1995). Democracy and Consensus in African Traditional Politics: A Plea For Non-Party Polity. The Centennial Review 39(1), pp. 53–64.
Wiredu, K. (2001). Society and Democracy in Africa. In T. Kiros (Ed.), Explorations in African Political Thought: Identity, Community, Ethics. London: Routledge.
Wiredu, K. (2007). Democracy by consensus: Some conceptual considerations. Socialism and Democracy 21(3), pp. 155–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854300701599882.
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 199 | 52 | 3 |
Full Text Views | 13 | 0 | 0 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 43 | 5 | 0 |
This paper explores the political thought of Guinea-Bissau, focusing on the endogenous notions of community and consensus. The analysis turns on discerning the principles underpinning political power and power relations in the organicist setting. The paper considers the indigenous polity and its underlying tenets, by unveiling the centrality of the past, land (tchon), and kinship (djorson) in conceptualizations of the political community. These determine a polity ruled by participatory politics and “brotherhood consensus” (consenso di irmandade, in local creole). As this notion of “brotherhood” is tightly linked to the foundations of the political community, the Bissau-Guinean polity pins consensual politics to ontology. This ontological basis fosters commitment to engage in and reach consensus.
This analysis adds to studies on African political thought and theories of consensual democracy. Moreover, the insights offered, however spatial-specific, exemplify the potential of renewed analysis of notions of the political community in Africa and beyond, enriching the repertoire of political theory research.
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 199 | 52 | 3 |
Full Text Views | 13 | 0 | 0 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 43 | 5 | 0 |