Comparison of respiration rate and electron transport system (ETS) enzyme-mediated reduction assay of the invasive copepod Eurytemora carolleeae Alekseev & Souissi, 2011 (Calanoida, Temoridae) in Green Bay, WI, U.S.A.
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Abstract
Anthropogenic activities can cause important changes in aquatic ecosystems, such as warming due to climate change, nutrient loading from agricultural runoff and urban areas, and decreased concentrations of oxygen in bottom waters. These changes may lead to impacts on both organism performance and ecosystem functionality. Studying planktonic species that form an aquatic ecosystem’s foundation is an important step towards understanding the entire food web and predicting how it may respond to a changing environment. One important planktonic species in the Laurentian Great Lakes is the invasive calanoid copepod Eurytemora carolleeae (formerly considered part of the Eurytemora affinis species complex). This study analyzes the metabolic activity of E. carolleeae from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, U.S.A. using two different methods, over a range of temperatures from 9 to 26°C. Total oxygen consumption was measured directly using a micropulse oxygen probe system, and the activity of aerobic metabolic enzymes in the electron transport system (ETS) was quantified using in vitro reduction of iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT). Respiration rate of E. carolleeae increases approximately linearly from 9 to 26°C. Measurements of ETS activity indicate that the copepod’s metabolic enzymes have an Arrhenius activation energy of 46.5 ± 15.6 kJ/mol with a thermal maximum between 22 and 26°C. Overall, E. carolleeae ETS rates increased by approximately 7% per °C over the range 9 to 22°C. This thermal limit has implications for future performance of this species, as the combination of higher temperatures and disappearance of oxygenated colder-water refuges may limit E. carolleeae’s success in the Green Bay system following warmer climate and increased nutrient conditions.
Résumé
Les activités anthropiques peuvent causer des changements importants dans les écosystèmes aquatiques, comme un réchauffement dû au changement climatique, un enrichissement en nutriments par le ruissellement agricole et les zones urbaines, et une diminution de la concentration en oxygène des eaux profondes. Ces changements peuvent entrainer des impacts sur les performances des organismes et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Etudier les espèces planctoniques qui forment la base de l’écosystème aquatique est une étape importante vers la compréhension du réseau trophique, et prédire comment il pourrait répondre à un changement d’environnement. Une espèce planctonique importante des grands lacs laurentiens est le copépode calanoïde invasif Eurytemora carolleeae (considéré antérieurement comme faisant partie de l’espèce Eurytemora affinis). Cette étude analyse l’activité métabolique de E. carolleeae de Green Bay, Lac Michigan, U.S.A., en utilisant deux méthodes, sur une échelle de températures de 9° à 26°C. La consommation d’oxygène a été mesurée directement avec une sonde à oxygène, et l’activité des enzymes du métabolisme aérobie dans le système de transport des électrons (ETS) a été quantifiée par la réduction in vitro du chlorure d’iodonitrotetrazolium (INT). Le taux respiratoire de E. carolleeae augmente linéairement de 9° à 26°C. Les mesures de l’activité ETS indiquent que les enzymes métaboliques du copépode ont une énergie d’activation d’Arrhenius de 46,5 ± 15,6 kJ/mol avec un maximum thermique entre 22° et 26°C. Globalement les taux ETS de E. carolleeae ont augmenté d’approximativement 7% par °C sur l’intervalle de 9° à 22°C. Cette limite thermale a des implications pour les performances futures de cette espèce, la combinaison de températures plus hautes et la disparition des eaux plus froides oxygénées comme refuge pourrait limiter le succès de E. carolleeae dans le système de Green Bay à la suite d’un réchauffement climatique et d’une augmentation des conditions de nutrition.
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Comparison of respiration rate and electron transport system (ETS) enzyme-mediated reduction assay of the invasive copepod Eurytemora carolleeae Alekseev & Souissi, 2011 (Calanoida, Temoridae) in Green Bay, WI, U.S.A.
In: CrustaceanaSearch for other papers by Alexander W. Timpe in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Bart T. De Stasio in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities can cause important changes in aquatic ecosystems, such as warming due to climate change, nutrient loading from agricultural runoff and urban areas, and decreased concentrations of oxygen in bottom waters. These changes may lead to impacts on both organism performance and ecosystem functionality. Studying planktonic species that form an aquatic ecosystem’s foundation is an important step towards understanding the entire food web and predicting how it may respond to a changing environment. One important planktonic species in the Laurentian Great Lakes is the invasive calanoid copepod Eurytemora carolleeae (formerly considered part of the Eurytemora affinis species complex). This study analyzes the metabolic activity of E. carolleeae from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, U.S.A. using two different methods, over a range of temperatures from 9 to 26°C. Total oxygen consumption was measured directly using a micropulse oxygen probe system, and the activity of aerobic metabolic enzymes in the electron transport system (ETS) was quantified using in vitro reduction of iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT). Respiration rate of E. carolleeae increases approximately linearly from 9 to 26°C. Measurements of ETS activity indicate that the copepod’s metabolic enzymes have an Arrhenius activation energy of 46.5 ± 15.6 kJ/mol with a thermal maximum between 22 and 26°C. Overall, E. carolleeae ETS rates increased by approximately 7% per °C over the range 9 to 22°C. This thermal limit has implications for future performance of this species, as the combination of higher temperatures and disappearance of oxygenated colder-water refuges may limit E. carolleeae’s success in the Green Bay system following warmer climate and increased nutrient conditions.
Résumé
Les activités anthropiques peuvent causer des changements importants dans les écosystèmes aquatiques, comme un réchauffement dû au changement climatique, un enrichissement en nutriments par le ruissellement agricole et les zones urbaines, et une diminution de la concentration en oxygène des eaux profondes. Ces changements peuvent entrainer des impacts sur les performances des organismes et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Etudier les espèces planctoniques qui forment la base de l’écosystème aquatique est une étape importante vers la compréhension du réseau trophique, et prédire comment il pourrait répondre à un changement d’environnement. Une espèce planctonique importante des grands lacs laurentiens est le copépode calanoïde invasif Eurytemora carolleeae (considéré antérieurement comme faisant partie de l’espèce Eurytemora affinis). Cette étude analyse l’activité métabolique de E. carolleeae de Green Bay, Lac Michigan, U.S.A., en utilisant deux méthodes, sur une échelle de températures de 9° à 26°C. La consommation d’oxygène a été mesurée directement avec une sonde à oxygène, et l’activité des enzymes du métabolisme aérobie dans le système de transport des électrons (ETS) a été quantifiée par la réduction in vitro du chlorure d’iodonitrotetrazolium (INT). Le taux respiratoire de E. carolleeae augmente linéairement de 9° à 26°C. Les mesures de l’activité ETS indiquent que les enzymes métaboliques du copépode ont une énergie d’activation d’Arrhenius de 46,5 ± 15,6 kJ/mol avec un maximum thermique entre 22° et 26°C. Globalement les taux ETS de E. carolleeae ont augmenté d’approximativement 7% par °C sur l’intervalle de 9° à 22°C. Cette limite thermale a des implications pour les performances futures de cette espèce, la combinaison de températures plus hautes et la disparition des eaux plus froides oxygénées comme refuge pourrait limiter le succès de E. carolleeae dans le système de Green Bay à la suite d’un réchauffement climatique et d’une augmentation des conditions de nutrition.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 520 | 83 | 14 |
| Full Text Views | 41 | 8 | 2 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 42 | 14 | 4 |