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Included but Not Inclusive

A Femme Theory Analysis of Autism Research on the Feminine Spectrum

In: Journal of Femininities
Authors:
Emily C. Coombs Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada

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Meredith R. Maroney Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
Department of Counseling and School Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States

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Heather M. Brown Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada

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Carly A. McMorris Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada

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Abstract

Recent research has highlighted increased gender diversity among Autistic individuals, particularly those raised as girls. Femme theory challenges traditional femininity, offering an inclusive, intersectional lens on identity. This study uses femme theory to critique literature on the sexual and gender experiences of Autistic individuals feminized by their sex assigned at birth or gender (women, girls, females) and feminine others, examining the association between gender norms and feminine Autistic experiences. Researchers conducted a critical content analysis of qualitative articles published on the experiences of Autistic individuals on the feminine spectrum from three prominent Autism journals (2019–2022), using femme theory to analyze dominant narratives and themes. Findings revealed two overarching themes: divergenceand alignment with femme theory. Key themes included inadequate examination of femininity, limitations in discussing gender diversity, and recognition of intersectionality. The study calls for more inclusive language, challenging stereotypes, and incorporating diverse perspectives. Future research should adopt broader, intersectional approaches to better represent feminine Autistic experiences.

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