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African Regionalism & Human Protection Norms: An Overview
In: Global Responsibility to ProtectGrowing international solidarity for protection principles has formed the backdrop for an evolving notion of human protection at the un in the post-Cold War era. The emergence of the ‘Human Rights up Front’ initiative, protection of children and Women, Peace and Security policy agendas, and normative frameworks such as the protection of civilians and the Responsibility to Protect are indicative of a tangible human protection agenda at the un. However, the extent to which human protection norms have diffused in different regions vary in important ways. Africa – one region or many – has been a norm maker, shaper and taker, as well as a major recipient of action in accordance with this nascent normative regime. This article provides an overview of regionalism in Africa and examines how perspectives and institutional expressions at the regional level(s) have been influenced by – and in turn influenced – the uptake and development of norms around human protection.
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Andrew Hurrell, ‘One World? Many Worlds? The Place of Regions in the Study of International Society’, International Affairs, 83/1: 127–46 (2007).
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4
Alexander Wendt, Social Theory and International Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
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Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1977), pp. 9–13.
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Ian Clark, Legitimacy in International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 6; Tim Dunne, ‘The New Agenda’ in Alex J. Bellamy (ed.), International Society and Its Critics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 66.
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Tim Dunne, Inventing International Society: A History of the English School (London: Macmillan, 1998). For discussion of solidarist and pluralist conceptions of regionalism, refer to article in this issue by Noel Morada.
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11
Hettne and Söderbaum, ‘Theorising the Rise of Regionness’, pp. 457–8.
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14
Amitav Acharya, ‘The Emerging Regional Architecture of World Politics’, World Politics, 59/4: 629–652 (2007).
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15
Ian Taylor, ‘Globalization and Regionalization in Africa: Reactions to Attempts at Neo-Liberal Regionalism’, Review of International Political Economy, 10/2: 310–330 (2003), p. 327.
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Abdul Karim Bangura, Toyin Falola and African Epistemologies (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).
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Ian Taylor, ‘Globalization and Regionalization in Africa: Reactions to Attempts at Neo-Liberal Regionalism’, Review of International Political Economy, 10/2: 310–30 (2003).
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40
Jeffrey T. Checkel, ‘The Constructivist Turn in International Relations Theory’, World Politics 50/2: 324–48 (1998). See, for example: Martha Finnemore and Kathryn Sikkink, ‘International Norm Dynamics and Political Change’, International Organization, 52/4: 887–917 (1998).
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See: Amitav Acharya, ‘How Ideas Spread: Whose Norms Matter? Norm Localization and Institutional Change in Asian Regionalism’, International Organization, 58/2: 239–75 (2004); Amitav Acharya, Whose Ideas Matter? Agency and Power in Asian Regionalism (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009).
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42
Charlotte Epstein, ‘Stop Telling Us How to Behave: Socialization or Infantilization?’, International Studies Perspectives, 13/2: 135–45 (2012).
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Paul W. Williams, ‘The “Responsibility to Protect”, Norm Localisation, and African International Society’, Global Responsibility to Protect 1/3: 392–416 (2009), p. 398.
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Amitav Acharya, ‘The r2p and Norm Diffusion: Towards A Framework of Norm Circulation’, Global Responsibility to Protect, 5/4: 466–479 (2013).
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Antje Wiener, A Theory of Contestation (Heidelberg: Springer, 2014).
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Jennifer Welsh, ‘Norm Contestation and the Responsibility to Protect’, Global Responsibility to Protect, 5/4: 365–396 (2013). See also: Michael Barnett and Thomas G. Weiss, Humanitarianism Contested: Where Angels Fear to Tread (London: Routledge, 2011), pp. 8–34.
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Baffour Ankomah, ‘African Union: From Non-Interference to Non-Indifference’, New African, no. 460 (2007), pp. 10–12.
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Dersso, ‘The Role of the African Human Rights System in the Operationalisation of Article 4(H).’ pp. 195–206.
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Dembinski and Schott, ‘Converging around Global Norms?’ pp. 276–96.
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75
Originally created in 2002. See, for example: Angela Meyer, ‘Peace and Security Cooperation in Central Africa: Challenges and Prospects’, Discussion Paper 56 (Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2011). See also: http://www.irinnews.org/report/100815/central-african-peacekeeping-force-gears-up-for-action.
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Paul D. Williams, ‘From non-intervention to non-indifference: the origins and development of the African Union's security culture’ African Affairs 106/423: 253–279 (2007); Williams, ‘The “Responsibility to Protect”, Norm Localisation, and African International Society’, pp. 392–416.
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Murithi, ‘The Role of the African Peace and Security Architecture in the Implementation of Article 4(H).’, pp. 147–149.
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Williams, ‘The “Responsibility to Protect”, Norm Localisation, and African International Society’, p. 398 citing Williams, ‘From Non-Intervention to Non-Indifference’, pp. 256–262.
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82
M. L. Krook and J. True, ‘Rethinking the Life Cycles of International Norms: The United Nations and the Global Promotion of Gender Equality’, European Journal of International Relations 18: 103–27 (2012).
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83
W. Sandholtz, ‘Dynamics of International Norm Change: Rules against Wartime Plunder’, European Journal of International Relations, 14: 101–31 (2008).
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See: Charles T. Hunt, ‘Emerging Powers and the Responsibility to Protect: Non-linear Norm Dynamics in Complex International Society’, Cambridge Review of International Affairs (Forthcoming).
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African Regionalism & Human Protection Norms: An Overview
In: Global Responsibility to ProtectGrowing international solidarity for protection principles has formed the backdrop for an evolving notion of human protection at the un in the post-Cold War era. The emergence of the ‘Human Rights up Front’ initiative, protection of children and Women, Peace and Security policy agendas, and normative frameworks such as the protection of civilians and the Responsibility to Protect are indicative of a tangible human protection agenda at the un. However, the extent to which human protection norms have diffused in different regions vary in important ways. Africa – one region or many – has been a norm maker, shaper and taker, as well as a major recipient of action in accordance with this nascent normative regime. This article provides an overview of regionalism in Africa and examines how perspectives and institutional expressions at the regional level(s) have been influenced by – and in turn influenced – the uptake and development of norms around human protection.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 461 | 78 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 268 | 18 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 147 | 32 | 1 |