Aulos and Harp: Questions of Pitch and Tonality
In: Greek and Roman Musical StudiesSearch for other papers by Stefan Hagel in
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Abstract
This study addresses the question of pitches and pitch structures that may have been played on the excavated instruments, assessing string lengths and their implications as well as searching for a plausible effective length for the aulos including its reed, based on computer-modelling the behaviour of the oscillating air column. The results are discussed in the context of our present knowledge about pitch ranges that were typically used in ancient music.
Lo studio esamina il problema delle altezze e delle strutture di altezze che si sarebbero potute ottenere dagli strumenti ritrovati negli scavi. Per far ciò si determinano le lunghezze delle corde e le loro conseguenze sulle altezze; allo stesso modo, si cerca di stabilire la lunghezza effettiva dell’aulos, inclusa l’imboccatura, basandosi su un modello computerizzato del comportamento della colonna d’aria vibrante. I risultati sono analizzati alla luce delle attuali conoscenze sui campi di altezze che erano tipicamente impiegati nella musica antica.
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Abbott D. & Segerman E. Strings in the 16th and 17th centuries Galpin Society Journal 1974 27 48 73
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Barker A. Gentili B. & Pretagostini R. Che cos’era la «mágadis»? La musica in Grecia 1988 Rome 96 107
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Bélis A. Auloi grecs du Louvre Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 1984 108 111 122
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Bellia A. Strumenti musicali e oggetti sonori nell’Italia meridionale e in Sicilia (VI-III sec. a.C.) 2012 Lucca
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Franklin J.C. Diatonic music in Greece: a reassessment of its antiquity Mnemosyne 2002 669 702
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Franklin J.C. Hagel S. & Harrauer Ch. Hearing Greek Microtones Ancient Greek Music in Performance 2005 Vienna 9 50
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Gevaert F.A. Histoire et théorie de la musique de l’antiquité 1881 II Gent reprint Hildesheim 1965
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Hagel S. Hickmann E. & Eichmann R. Calculating auloi—the Louvre aulos scale Studien zur Musikarchäologie 2004 4 373 390 Orient-Archäologie 15
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Hagel S. Re-evaluating the Pompeii auloi Journal of Hellenic Studies 2008a 128 52 71
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Hagel S. Both A.A. et al. Reversing the abstraction of ancient music theory: the case of the genera Studien zur Musikarchäologie 2008b 6 461 475 Orient-Archäologie 22
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Hagel S. Ancient Greek music: A new technical history 2009 Cambridge
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Hagel S. Eichmann R. , Hickmann E. & Koch L-Ch Understanding the aulos Berlin Egyptian Museum 12461/12462 Musical perceptions—past and present: On ethnographic analogy in music archaeology, Studien zur Musikarchäologie 2010 7 67 87 Orient-Archäologie 25
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Hagel S. Eichmann R. , Fang J. & Koch L.-Ch. The Pompeii auloi: Improved data and a hitherto unknown mechanism Studien zur Musikarchäologie 2012 8 Orient-Archäologie 27 103 114
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Hagel S. Keyser P. & Scarborough J. Music and Harmonic Theory Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World forthcoming forthcoming
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Psaroudakēs S. Hickmann E. , Kilmer A.D. & Eichmann R. The aulos of Argithea Studien zur Musikarchäologie 2002 3 335 366 Orient-Archäologie 10
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Psaroudakēs S. Castaldo D. , Giannachi F.G. & Manieri A. The Hellenistic side Flute and the Koilē-Athens instrument Poesia, musica e agoni nella Grecia antica—Poetry, Music and Contests in Ancient Greece 2012 Galatina II 521 554 2 voll (= Rudiae. Ricerche sul mondo classico 22-23, 2010-2011)
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Schlesinger K. The Greek aulos 1939 London [reprint Groningen 1970]
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Stubbings J.M. Dunbabin T.J. Ivories Perachora: the sanctuaries of Hera Akraia and Limenia 1962 2 Oxford 403 451
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West M.L. Ancient Greek Music 1992 Oxford
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West M.L. Analecta Musica Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 1992a 92 1 54
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Winnington-Ingram R.P. Review of Schlesinger 1939 The Classical Review 1939a 53 185 186
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Winnington-Ingram R.P. Review of Schlesinger 1939 Journal of Hellenic Studies 1939b 59 305 307
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Winnington-Ingram R.P. Ancient Greek Music 1932-1957 Lustrum 1958 3 5 57 259f
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4
Hagel 2008b; Hagel 2009, 393-429.
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9
Aristid. Quint. 1.7, pp. 12-13 Winnington-Ingram.
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10
Hagel 2009, 393.
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14
Cf. Hagel 2004; 2010; 2012.
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16
Fr. 6a; cf. West 1992, 219f; Hagel 2009, 112-15; 435-41.
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17
Cf. Hagel 2009, 68-95.
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18
Cf. Hagel 2009, 292, 336f, 341f, 445.
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19
Cf. [Aristot.], Probl. 19.23: ἔτι ἐν τοῖς αὐλοῖς τῷ διπλασίῳ διαστήµατι λαµβάνεται τὸ διὰ πασῶν, καὶ οἱ αὐλοτρῦπαι οὕτω λαµβάνουσιν “again, in the auloi it is also the duple ratio by which the octave is obtained, and the aulos-makers obtain it in this way.”
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25
Cf. Abbott/Segerman (1974) 51.
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29
Cf. Barker 1988; West 1992, 72f.
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30
Hagel 2009, 88f.
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32
Cf. Hagel 2009, 167f; 187-94.
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33
Psaroudakēs 2012, 534f: two conjunct diatonic/chromatic tetrachords, lacking the highest note, plus two steps of a tone each below; synēmménon modulation would require an additional hole between the two lowest but one, whose addition was ruled out by fingering possibilities, the khrōmatikai being associated with the thumb holes.
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34
Cf. Gevaert 1881, 260-62; West 1992a, 26-27; Hagel 2009, 283.
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35
Cf. Hagel 2009, 132, 452f.
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36
Cf. Hagel 2009, 32, 129f.
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Aulos and Harp: Questions of Pitch and Tonality
In: Greek and Roman Musical StudiesSearch for other papers by Stefan Hagel in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
This study addresses the question of pitches and pitch structures that may have been played on the excavated instruments, assessing string lengths and their implications as well as searching for a plausible effective length for the aulos including its reed, based on computer-modelling the behaviour of the oscillating air column. The results are discussed in the context of our present knowledge about pitch ranges that were typically used in ancient music.
Lo studio esamina il problema delle altezze e delle strutture di altezze che si sarebbero potute ottenere dagli strumenti ritrovati negli scavi. Per far ciò si determinano le lunghezze delle corde e le loro conseguenze sulle altezze; allo stesso modo, si cerca di stabilire la lunghezza effettiva dell’aulos, inclusa l’imboccatura, basandosi su un modello computerizzato del comportamento della colonna d’aria vibrante. I risultati sono analizzati alla luce delle attuali conoscenze sui campi di altezze che erano tipicamente impiegati nella musica antica.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 956 | 133 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 280 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 107 | 27 | 0 |