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Excavation, Dating and Content of Two Tombs in Daphne, Odos Olgas 53, Athens1
In: Greek and Roman Musical StudiesAbstract
On 13. and 14. May 1981, in the course of emergency excavations in Odos Olgas 53 in Daphne, Athens, two tombs were excavated, the second of which was heralded as the Tomb of the Musician by the press. The contents were transferred to the National Archaeological Museum and later, after restoration, to the Archaeological Museum of Piraeus. In Tomb I there were found the bones of an adult person in his or her 40s, together with four lekythoi, which can be dated by their shape and the style of the paintings to about 430 B.C. In Tomb II there were found the bones of a young adult in his or her early 20s, together with toys, tools, a writing case with stylus and inkpot, fragments of a papyrus scroll and five leaves of two different wooden note-books (polyptycha), together with the remains of a lyre, a harp and one tube of a pair of auloi with mouthpiece. On the papyrus fragments and the polyptycha scanty remains of writing in the Ionian alphabet can be read. Some mythical names point to poetry; musical notation, alleged by the inventory books to be detectable, could not be seen. The harp is an example of the type called the ‘spindle harp’, which is represented on vase pictures from 430 to 410.
Il 13 e 14 maggio del 1981, nel corso degli scavi di emergenza ad Odos Olgas 53, nel sobborgo di Dafne ad Atene, furono scavate due tombe: la seconda tra queste fu annunciata dalla stampa come la Tomba del Musicista. I contenuti furono trasferiti al Museo Archeologico Nazionale e in seguito, dopo il restauro, al Museo Archeologico del Pireo. Nella Tomba I furono trovate le ossa di un adulto/a sui quarant’anni assieme a quattro lekythoi, databili intorno al 430 a.C. sulla base della loro forma e dello stile delle pitture. Nella Tomba II furono trovate le ossa di un giovane adulto/a sui vent’anni, assieme a giocattoli, strumenti, una cassettina per scrittura con stilo e inchiostro, frammenti di un rotolo di papiro e cinque fogli di due diverse tavolette in legno (polyptycha), assieme ai resti di una lira, un’arpa e una canna da una coppia di auloi con imboccatura. Sui frammenti papiracei e sui polyptycha si possono leggere ridottissimi resti di scrittura in alfabeto ionico. Alcuni nomi mitici fanno pensare a un contesto poetico; non è possibile leggere alcuna notazione musicale, come originariamente supposto dai libri d’inventario. L’arpa rappresenta la tipologia della cosiddetta ‘arpa a fuso’, rappresentata sulle pitture vascolari dal 430 al 410.
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Cockle W.E. Restoring and conserving papyri BICS 1983 30 147 165
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Gerakis M. Αρχαίος ποιητής ό νεκρός µέ τόν πάπυρο καί τή λύρα Το Βήµα 1981 May 26 Athens
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Liankouras A. Daphne. Odos Olgas 53 Deltion Archaiologikon 1981 36 2 47
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Maas M. & Snyder J.M. Stringed Instruments of Ancient Greece 1989 New Haven
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Modiano M. Greek artist’s grave yields rare papyrus The Times 1981 May 25 London
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Paquette D. L’Instrument de musique dans la céramique de la Grèce antique 1984 Paris
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Poehlmann E. & West M. The Oldest Greek Papyrus and Writing Tablets. Fifth-Century Documents from the“Tomb of the Musician” in Attica ZPE 2012 180 1 16
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Steinhauer G. The Monuments and the Archaeological Museum of Piraeus 1998 Koropi
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Touchais G. Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques en Grèce en 1981 BCH 1982 106 529 635
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Wegner M. Das Musikleben der Griechen 1949 Berlin 1949
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West M.L. Ancient Greek Music 1992 Oxford
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2
See Modiano 1981.
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3
See Gerakis 1981.
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4
Liankouras 1981; see also Touchais 1982, 533; Cockle 1983, 147.
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8
NatMus BE 29/1981, 19 May 1981: report of K. Asimenos to the director of the National Museum.
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10
NatMus BE 29/1981, 19/20 May 1981: notice of K. Asimenos.
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11
NatMus BE 29/1981, 21 May 1981: report of A. Lempesi to the Director of the National Museum; BE 29/1981, 22 June 1981: letter of Nikolaos Yalouris, Ministry of Culture, to the archaeological authorities.
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12
NatMus BE 29/1981, 19 June 1981: letter of P. Lawson to A. Lempesi; 2 May 1981: report of A. Liankouras.
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13
NatMus BE 29/1981, 17 June 1981: report of P. Lawson for A. Lempesi.
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15
NatMus BE 29/1981, 23 July 1981, statement of A. Glinos to the Director of the National Museum; BE 29/1981, 27 July, report of Dr. Olga Alexandri to the Ministry of Culture.
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17
NatMus BE 29/1981, 3 March 1982: report of A. Glinos to the Director of the National Museum, Dr. Olga Alexandri.
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18
NatMus BE 29/1981, 3 March 1982: notice of the restorer, Antonios Glinos.
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19
NatMus BE 29/1981, 5 May 1982: notice of Director Dr. Olga Alexandri-Tsachou; 30 June 1982, notice of the Ephoros Dr. Vasilios Petrakos.
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20
NatMus BE 29/1981: 30 January 1996, notice of the Ephoros Georg Steinhauer.
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21
NatMus BE 29/1981: 1 February 1996, deposition of Niki Prokopiou, National Museum, and Cornelia Axioti, B´ Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities.
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22
See Steinhauer 1998, 35-44, esp. 42.
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30
C. Terzes, letter of 13 December 2010.
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32
See Wegner 1949, 204 and Tafel 23; Paquette 1984, 190, 195 figs. H1, H2, 201 fig. H13; Maas and Snyder 1989, 152–4, 161 fig. 11 B, 164 figs. 16–17; West 1992, 72 and pl. 22.
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Excavation, Dating and Content of Two Tombs in Daphne, Odos Olgas 53, Athens1
In: Greek and Roman Musical StudiesAbstract
On 13. and 14. May 1981, in the course of emergency excavations in Odos Olgas 53 in Daphne, Athens, two tombs were excavated, the second of which was heralded as the Tomb of the Musician by the press. The contents were transferred to the National Archaeological Museum and later, after restoration, to the Archaeological Museum of Piraeus. In Tomb I there were found the bones of an adult person in his or her 40s, together with four lekythoi, which can be dated by their shape and the style of the paintings to about 430 B.C. In Tomb II there were found the bones of a young adult in his or her early 20s, together with toys, tools, a writing case with stylus and inkpot, fragments of a papyrus scroll and five leaves of two different wooden note-books (polyptycha), together with the remains of a lyre, a harp and one tube of a pair of auloi with mouthpiece. On the papyrus fragments and the polyptycha scanty remains of writing in the Ionian alphabet can be read. Some mythical names point to poetry; musical notation, alleged by the inventory books to be detectable, could not be seen. The harp is an example of the type called the ‘spindle harp’, which is represented on vase pictures from 430 to 410.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 575 | 74 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 261 | 8 | 2 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 97 | 18 | 4 |