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What was the connection between the structure of the German economy in the 1930s and German aggression in World War ii? Adam Tooze’s Wages of Destruction forcefully poses this issue, but fails to adequately resolve it. Instead, on this decisive question, his analysis oscillates uneasily between two equally unconvincing models: rational-choice theory and cultural determinism. This surprising explanatory failure derives from an inadequate theorisation of German imperialism as the expression of the combined and uneven development of the German economy and society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries.
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Adorno Theodor Jephcott E.F.N. Minima Moralia: Reflections from Damaged Life 2005 London Verso
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Aly Götz Hitlers Volksstaat. Raub, Rassenkrieg und nationaler Sozialismus 2005 Frankfurt am Main S. Fischer
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Anievas Alexander Capital, the State, and War: Class Conflict and Geopolitics in the Thirty Years’ Crisis, 1914–1945 2014 Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press
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Blackbourn David & Eley Geoff The Peculiarities of German History: Bourgeois Society and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Germany 1989 [1984] Oxford Oxford University Press
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Bloch Ernst Erbschaft dieser Zeit 1935 Zurich Oprecht & Helbing
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Brenner Robert ‘What Is, and What Is Not, Imperialism?’ Historical Materialism 2006 14 4 79 105
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Calleo David P. The German Problem Reconsidered: Germany and the World Order, 1870 to the Present 1978 Cambridge Cambridge University Press
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Hitler Adolf Hitlers Zweites Buch 1961 Stuttgart Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt
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Hitler Adolf Manheim Ralph Mein Kampf 1999 New York Houghton Mifflin Co.
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James Harold ‘Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze’ Central European History 2007 40 2 366 71
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Keegan John The Second World War 1989 London Hutchinson
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Mann Michael Fascists 2004 Cambridge Cambridge University Press
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Mason Timothy W. Caplan Jane Nazism, Fascism and the Working Class 1995 Cambridge Cambridge University Press
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Mayer Arno J. Why Did the Heavens Not Darken? The ‘Final Solution’ in History 1988 New York Pantheon Books
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Mazower Mark Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century 1998 New York Vintage
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Moore Barrington Jr. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World 1993 [1966] Boston Beacon Press
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Neumann Franz Behemoth: The Structure and Practice of National Socialism, 1933–1944 1966 [1944] New York Harper Torchbooks
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Nolte Ernst Three Faces of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism, National Socialism 1966 New York Holt, Rinehart and Winston
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Paxton Robert O. The Anatomy of Fascism 2004 New York Knopf
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Payne Stanley G. ‘La economía estratégica de Hitler’ Revista de libros 2008 142 32 4
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Pollock Friedrich Arato Andrew & Gebhardt Eike ‘State Capitalism: Its Possibilities and Limitations’ The Essential Frankfurt School Reader 1992 New York Continuum
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Riley Dylan The Civic Foundations of Fascism in Europe: Italy, Spain, and Romania, 1870–1945 2010 Baltimore The Johns Hopkins University Press
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Spoerer Mark ‘Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze’ Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 2007 94 526 7
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Tooze Adam ‘Einfach verkalkuliert’ Die Tageszeitung 2005 March 12
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Tooze Adam The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi War Economy 2007 Harmondsworth Penguin
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Trotsky Leon The Struggle Against Fascism in Germany 2001 New York Pathfinder
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Wehler Hans-Ulrich Deutsche Gesellschaftsgeschichte. Vierter Band. Vom Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges bis zur Gründung der beiden deutschen Staaten 1914–1949 2003 Munich C.H. Beck Verlag
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1
Mason 1995.
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2
Neumann 1966.
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3
Tooze 2007, pp. 321, 663, 668.
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4
Tooze 2007, pp. 138–43.
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5
Tooze 2007, p. 163.
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6
Tooze 2007, p. 151.
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7
Tooze 2007, p. 213.
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9
Tooze 2007, p. 282.
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10
Tooze 2007, pp. 304, 322.
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11
Tooze 2007, pp. 311–15.
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12
Tooze 2007, p. 316.
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13
Tooze 2007, pp. 333–4.
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14
Tooze 2007, pp. 334, 430.
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15
Tooze 2007, p. 424.
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16
Tooze 2007, pp. 547–8.
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18
Tooze 2007, p. 511.
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19
Tooze 2007, p. xxi.
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20
Hayes 2007, p. 463.
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21
Payne 2008, p. 33.
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22
Tooze 2007, p. 658.
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23
Tooze 2007, p. 430.
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24
Tooze 2007, p. xxv.
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25
Tooze 2007, pp. 323–4.
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26
Tooze 2007, p. 103.
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27
Tooze 2007, p. 104.
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28
Tooze 2007, pp. 115–30.
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29
Tooze 2007, p. 109.
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30
Tooze 2007, p. 104.
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32
Wehler 2003, p. 242.
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33
Wehler 2003, p. 243.
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34
Tooze 2007, p. 284.
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35
Mayer 1988, p. 93.
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36
Tooze 2007, p. 178.
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37
Tooze 2007, pp. 184–6, 194.
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38
Tooze 2007, p. 197.
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39
Tooze 2007, p. 198.
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40
Neumann 1966, p. 395.
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41
Tooze 2007, p. xxiii.
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42
Tooze 2007, pp. 135, 138.
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43
Tooze 2007, p. 144.
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44
James 2007; Spoerer 2007.
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45
Calleo 1978, p. 60.
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46
Blackbourn and Eley 1989, p. 94.
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47
Tooze 2007, p. 138.
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48
Tooze 2007, pp. 136–7.
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49
Tooze 2007, p. 384.
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50
Bloch 1935, p. 79.
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51
Tooze 2007, p. 140.
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53
Mayer 1988, p. 93.
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54
Moore 1993, p. 442.
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55
Pollock 1992, pp. 89–90.
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56
Trotsky 2001, p. 164.
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57
Neumann 1966, pp. 3–8.
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58
Tooze 2007, pp. 324.
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59
Tooze 2007, pp. 321, 322–5.
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60
Tooze 2007, pp. 322, 324, 664.
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61
Hitler 1999, p. 654.
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62
Hitler 1961, p. 159.
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63
Mayer 1988, p. 90.
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64
Tooze 2007, p. 324.
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65
Hitler 1999, p. 35.
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66
Mayer 1988, p. 280.
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67
Mayer 1988, p. 210.
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68
Mayer 1988, p. 367.
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69
Nolte 1966, p. 357.
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70
Tooze 2007, p. 489.
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71
Tooze 2007, p. 538.
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72
Tooze 2007, p. 548.
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73
Mazower 1998, pp. 153–4.
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74
Mayer 1988, p. 203.
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75
Mayer 1988, p. 351.
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76
Keegan 1989, pp. 127–41.
-
77
Tooze 2007, p. 338.
-
78
Tooze 2007, pp. 401, 423–4.
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79
Adorno 2005, p. 106.
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80
Mayer 1988, p. 106.
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81
Tooze 2007, p. 503.
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82
Tooze 2007, p. 505.
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83
Tooze 2005; see also Aly 2005, pp. 327–32.
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84
Mann 2004; Paxton 2004; Riley 2010.
-
85
Anievas 2014; Brenner 2006, p. 86.
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86
Tooze 2007, pp. xii–xxiii.
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87
Tooze 2007, p. 658.
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88
Nolte 1966, p. 353.
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Search for other papers by Dylan Riley in
Current site
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What was the connection between the structure of the German economy in the 1930s and German aggression in World War ii? Adam Tooze’s Wages of Destruction forcefully poses this issue, but fails to adequately resolve it. Instead, on this decisive question, his analysis oscillates uneasily between two equally unconvincing models: rational-choice theory and cultural determinism. This surprising explanatory failure derives from an inadequate theorisation of German imperialism as the expression of the combined and uneven development of the German economy and society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 557 | 98 | 13 |
| Full Text Views | 285 | 17 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 256 | 38 | 1 |
