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This article examines northern Nigeria’s mainstream Salafis – figures who advocate exclusive, literalist, exoterically-minded readings of scripture, but who oppose the violence of the fringe Salafi sect Boko Haram. The article argues that the emergence of Boko Haram has placed mainstream Salafis in a complicated position vis-à-vis both Salafi-leaning audiences and the state. In the face of accusations by state and society that all Salafis are connected to Boko Haram, mainstream Salafis have worked to undermine Boko Haram’s messages and Salafi credentials in order to maintain influence over Salafi-leaning youth. Along with other voices in northern Nigeria, mainstream Salafis have also externalized blame for Boko Haram’s violence, attributing Boko Haram’s existence to the state, to Christians and Jews, and/or to Western powers. They have also criticized the state’s response to Boko Haram. Finally, they advocate for perceived northern Muslim interests but attempt to avoid being seen as pro-government.
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Quintan Wiktorowicz, “Anatomy of the Salafi Movement” in Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 29:3 (April/May 2006): 207–39.
Thomas Hegghammer, “Jihadi-Salafis or Revolutionaries: On Religion and Politics in the Study of Militant Islamism” in Global Salafism: Islam’s New Religious Movement, ed. Roel Meijer (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009), 250.
Gregory Johnsen, The Last Refuge: Yemen, Al-Qaeda, and America’s War in Arabia (New York and London: W. W. Norton and Company, 2013).
Shehu Sani, “Boko Haram: History, Ideas, and Revolt (6),” Vanguard, July 8, 2011, accessed December 2014, http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/07/boko-haram-history-ideas-and-revolt-6/.
Isa Sa‘idu, “The Man Sheikh Albani,” Daily Trust, February 3, 2014, accessed May 2014, http://dailytrust.info/index.php/news/15901-the-man-Sheikh-albani.
Isa Sa‘idu, “Court Clears Cleric over Terrorism Charges,” Sunday Trust, December 15, 2013, accessed March 2014, http://sundaytrust.com.ng/index.php/news/15339-court-clears-cleric-over-terrorism-charges.
Andrea Brigaglia, “A Contribution to the History of the Wahhabi Daʿwa in West Africa: The Career and the Murder of Sheikh Jaʿfar Mahmoud Adam (Daura, ca. 1961/1962-Kano 2007),” Islamic Africa 3:1 (Spring 2012): 1–23.
Anonymous, “The Popular Discourses of Salafi Radicalism and Salafi Counter-Radicalism in Nigeria: A Case Study of Boko Haram,” Journal of Religion in Africa 42 (2012), 119. Although some analysts have deduced who the author is, I choose to continue to respect his stated desire to remain anonymous out of a concern for his own security.
Muḥammad Yūsuf, Hādhihi ‘Aqīdatunā wa-Manhaj Da‘watinā (Maiduguri: no publisher, 2009).
Aliyu Babankarfi, “Ilimin Boko Wajibi Ne a Wurin Dukkan Musulmi – Sheikh Albani,” Aminiya, April 5, 2013, accessed March 2014, http://aminiya.com.ng/index.php/labarai/ 459-ilimin-boko-wajibi-ne-a-wurin-dukkan-musulmi-Sheikh-albani.
Mahmud Lalo, “Boko Haram Is a Creation of Western Powers, Says Jingir,” Sunday Trust, January 1 2012, accessed November 2012, http://sundaytrust.com.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8895:boko-haram-is-a-creation-of-western-powers-says-jingir-&catid=54:lead-stories&Itemid=127.
Nasiru Bello, “Boko Haram Shirin Yahudawa ne da Rubabbun Musulmi – Sheikh Jingir,” Aminiya, September 20, 2013, accessed March 2014, http://www.aminiya.com.ng/index.php/labarai/3071-boko-haram-shirin-yahudawa-ne-da-rubabbun-musulmi-Sheikh-jingir.
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Andrea Brigaglia, “Jaʿfar Mahmoud Adam, Mahammad Yūsuf and Al-Muntada Islamic Trust: Reflections on the Genesis of the Boko Haram Phenomenon in Nigeria,” Annual Review of Islam in Africa, Number 11 (2012), 37.
Laolu Akande, “12 northern Govs Take Boko Haram Controversy to White House,” The Guardian, March 23, 2014, accessed March 2014, http://odili.net/news/source/2014/mar/23/8.html.
Sani Tukur, “Kaduna Bomb Targeted Prominent Islamic Cleric Sheikh Gumi – Premium Times,” Sahara Reporters, August 14, 2012, accessed May 2014, http://saharareporters.com/news-page/kaduna-bomb-targeted-prominent-islamic-cleric-sheikh-gumi-premium-times.
Aḥmad Gumi, “Yobe School Massacre: The Positive Litmus Test,” Sahara Reporters, February 27, 2014, accessed May 2014, http://saharareporters.com/article/yobe-school-massacre-positive-litmus-test-sheik-ahmad-gumi-phd.
Aliyu Tilde, “Muslims and Rule of Law in Nigeria,” Gamji, 2009, accessed April 2014, http://www.gamji.com/tilde/tilde101.htm.
Husaini Isah, “Rashin Adalci Ya Kawo Dambarwar Siyasa a Najeriya – Sheikh Jingir,” Aminiya, October 4, 2013, accessed May 2014, http://aminiya.com.ng/index.php/fagen-siyasa/3186-rashin-adalci-ya-kawo-dambarwar-siyasa-a-najeriya-sheikh-jingir.
Najib Sani, “Izala To Jonathan: If You Know Boko Haram Members, Fish Them Out,” Leadership, January 22, 2012, accessed November 2012, http://www.leadership.ng/nga/articles/14073/2012/01/22/izala_jonathan_if_you_know_boko_haram_members_fish_them_out.html.
Midat Joseph and Benjamin Isaiah, “Jonathan’s Exit Will End Boko Haram Insurgency – Sheikh Gumi,” Leadership, February 21, 2014, accessed April 2014,http://leadership.ng/news/347376/jonathans-exit-will-end-boko-haram-insurgency-sheikh-gumi.
Ibrahim Abdul’Aziz, “Izala: We Don’t Belong to Boko Haram Sect,” Daily Trust, July 11 2011, accessed November 2012, http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/daily-columns/41018-izala-we-dont-belong-to-boko-haram-sect.
Hamza Idris, “Nigeria: 32 Izala Followers Arrested in Borno,” Daily Trust, July 16 2012, accessed November 2012, http://allafrica.com/stories/201207161444.html.
Lami Sadiq, “How Detained Lecturer Described Boko Haram in His PhD Thesis,” Weekly Trust, November 30, 2013, accessed April 2014, http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/new-news/14852-how-detained-lecturer-described-boko-haram-in-his-phd-thesis.
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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Abstract Views | 1782 | 340 | 20 |
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This article examines northern Nigeria’s mainstream Salafis – figures who advocate exclusive, literalist, exoterically-minded readings of scripture, but who oppose the violence of the fringe Salafi sect Boko Haram. The article argues that the emergence of Boko Haram has placed mainstream Salafis in a complicated position vis-à-vis both Salafi-leaning audiences and the state. In the face of accusations by state and society that all Salafis are connected to Boko Haram, mainstream Salafis have worked to undermine Boko Haram’s messages and Salafi credentials in order to maintain influence over Salafi-leaning youth. Along with other voices in northern Nigeria, mainstream Salafis have also externalized blame for Boko Haram’s violence, attributing Boko Haram’s existence to the state, to Christians and Jews, and/or to Western powers. They have also criticized the state’s response to Boko Haram. Finally, they advocate for perceived northern Muslim interests but attempt to avoid being seen as pro-government.
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1782 | 340 | 20 |
Full Text Views | 327 | 6 | 1 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 99 | 10 | 3 |