This paper surveys developments in language politics and policy in Taiwan under Tsai Ing-wen’s presidency (2016–present). Drawing on historical-institutionalist premises, it shows that recent language policy developments were path-dependent and built upon initiatives proposed under Chen Shui-bian’s presidency (2000–2008). The paper argues that the comparative success of Tsai’s initiatives owed not only to her party forming a legislative majority, but also to a broad sociopolitical consensus on transitional and historical justice, and to an incrementalist strategy that consisted in legislating on minority languages before laying out a comprehensive multilingual legal framework. Although recent language developments do fall within the purview of identity politics, these factors have enabled the Tsai administration to justify and legitimise measures towards language recognition and revitalisation as intrinsic to Taiwan’s democratic consolidation, rather than as tools for identity building.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
Caldwell, Ernest (2018) ‘Transitional justice legislation in Taiwan before and during the Tsai administration’, Washington International Law Journal 27(2): 449–483.
Cardinal, Linda and Sonntag, Selma K. (eds) (2015) State Traditions and Language Regimes, Montréal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Chen, Su-chiao (2020) ‘Language policy and practice in Taiwan in the early twenty-first century’, in Henning Klöter and Mårten Söderblom Saarela (eds), Language Diversity in the Sinophone World: Historical Trajectories, Language planning, and Multilingual Practices, London: Routledge, 122–141.
Chien, Li-hsin (2021a) ‘黑洞級災難!學者批國家語言法將侵蝕台灣所有教育資源’ [A disaster of black hole proportions! Scholars criticise the ‘National Languages Development Act’ for depleting all of Taiwan’s educational resources], China Times, 14 January. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20210114002259-260405?chdtv.
Chien, Li-hsin (2021b) ‘哪種語言最大?何展旭:國家語言法反造成歧視、不平等’ [Which language is the greatest? Ho Chan-hsu: The ‘National Languages Development Act’ creates discrimination, inequalities], China Times, 14 January. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20210114005277-260405?chdtv.
Council of Indigenous Peoples (2017) ‘Indigenous Languages Development Act’, Laws & Regulations Database of the ROC, 14 June. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=D0130037.
Council of Indigenous Peoples (2018a) ‘Act for the Establishment of the Foundation for the Research and Development of Indigenous Languages’, Laws & Regulations Database of the ROC, 5 December. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0130039.
Council of Indigenous Peoples (2018b) ‘Indigenous Peoples Basic Act’ (fourth amendment), Laws & Regulations Database of the ROC, 20 June. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0130003.
Dupré, Jean-François (2017) Culture Politics and Linguistic Recognition in Taiwan: Ethnicity, National Identity, and the Party System, London: Routledge.
Dupré, Jean-François (2019) ‘Taiwan’s Indigenous Languages Development Act: democratic politics, transitional justice and the quest for diplomatic recognition’, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 40(8): 652–664. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2018.1543690.
Eliassen, Isabel and Rich, Timothy S. (2019) ‘By the numbers: Is Taiwan ready for English as a national language?’, The News Lens, 10 January, first published in Taiwan Insight. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://international.thenewslens.com/article/111763.
Ferrer, Alessandra and Lin, Tzu-bin (2021) ‘Official bilingualism in a multilingual nation: A study of the 2030 bilingual nation policy in Taiwan’, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2021.1909054.
Gu, Ruowen (2020) ‘“國家語言發展法” 通過之後國會與大學可以怎麽推動母語復振?’ [How can the legislature and schools promote language revitalisation once the National Languages Development Act is adopted?], Pourquoi Taiwan, 13 May. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://www.pourquoi.tw/2020/05/13/taiwan-news-20200513-001/.
Hakka Affairs Council (2010) ‘Hakka Basic Act’. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://lis.ly.gov.tw/lglawc/lawsingle?000623885694000000000000000000A000000003FFFFFD^05164099010500^00000000000.
Hakka Affairs Council (2018) ‘Hakka Basic Act (first amendment)’, Law & Regulations Database of the ROC, 31 January. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0140005.
Hakka Affairs Council (2021) ‘預告制定客家語言發展法草案’ [Advance notice of drafting the Hakka Language Development Act], Public Policies Internet Participation Platform, 26 July–24 September. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://join.gov.tw/policies/detail/2dc8fd03-8af5-40c0-b1d5-9aa904d8ff1c.
Heylen, Ann (2005) ‘The legacy of literary practices in colonial Taiwan. Japanese-Taiwanese-Chinese: Language interaction and identity formation’, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 26(6): 496–511.
Hioe, Brian (2021) ‘Chen Po-wei Is the Latest Victim of Taiwan’s “Recall Revenge”’, The Diplomat, 25 October. Retrieved 6 January 2021 from https://thediplomat.com/2021/10/chen-po-wei-is-the-latest-victim-of-taiwans-recall-revenge/.
Ho, Hsin-han (2019) ‘公視台語台的成立過程與未來展望’ [The establishment process and future prospects of the Public Taiwanese Language Channel], New Century Think Tank Forum (新世紀智庫論壇) 87–88: 112–117. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from http://www.taiwanncf.org.tw/ttforum/87-88/87-88-13.pdf.
Ho, Ming-sho (2019) Challenging Beijing’s Mandate of Heaven: Taiwan’s Sunflower Movement and Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Hsiau, A-chin (1997) ‘Language ideology in Taiwan: The kmt’s language policy, the Tai-yu language movement, and ethnic politics’, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 18(4): 302–315.
Huang, Tzu-ti (2018a) ‘Taiwan to make English an official second language next year: Premier Lai’, Taiwan News, 27 August. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3515890.
Huang, Tzu-ti (2018b) ‘87% of Taiwanese support making English the second official language: Survey. The government envisions a bilingual Taiwan by 2030’, Taiwan News, 22 December. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3602589.
Klöter, Henning (2004) ‘Language policy in the kmt and dpp eras’, China Perspectives 56: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.442.
Legislative Yuan Gazette (2017a) ‘立法院第9屆第3會期內政委員會第20次全體委員會議議事錄’ [Minutes of the 20th full-meeting of the Legislative Yuan Standing Committee on Internal Affairs, 9th Legislative Yuan, 3rd Session], 3 May, Legislative Yuan.
Legislative Yuan Gazette (2017b) ‘立法院第9屆第4會期第15次會議紀錄’ [Legislative Yuan Minutes, 9th Legislative Yuan, 4th Session, 15th Meeting], 29 December, Legislative Yuan.
Liu, Hsin-yuan (2018) ‘The National Languages Development Act further harms weaker languages’ [國家語言發展法,再度傷害弱勢語言], National Policy Foundation, 16 May. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://npf.org.tw/1/18696.
Liu, Hsin-yuan (2019) ‘國家語言發展法的爭議’ [The National Languages Development Act controversy], National Policy Foundation, 4 January. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://www.npf.org.tw/1/20035.
Ministry of Culture (2018) ‘立法院三讀通過國家語言發展法. 鄭麗君:讓每一個人都能以使用自己母語為榮!’ [The legislature passed the third reading of the National Languages Development Act. Cheng Li-chun: Let everyone use their mother tongue proudly!], Ministry of Culture website, 25 December. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://www.moc.gov.tw/information_250_95831.html.
Ministry of Culture (2020) ‘國家語言研究發展中心設置條例草案已獲跨部會共識,將以行政法人專業組織設立 強化國家語言研究與保存’ [The draft on the establishment of a National Languages Research Centre has already achieved inter-ministerial consensus; will be set up as an administrative body to strengthen research on and protection of national languages], Ministry of Culture website, 13 May. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://www.moc.gov.tw/information_250_110703.html.
National Development Council (no date) ‘Bilingual Nation ppt’, National Development Council. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://www.ndc.gov.tw/en/Content_List.aspx?n=D933E5569A87A91C.
Office of English as the Second Language (Tainan City Government) (no date) ‘The Office’. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://oeasol.tainan.gov.tw/index.php?inter=intro&id=9.
Office of the President (2016a) ‘President Tsai apologizes to Indigenous Peoples on behalf of government’, Office of the President of the ROC (Taiwan), 1 August. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://english.president.gov.tw/NEWS/4950.
Office of the President (2016b) ‘President Tsai approves Guidelines for Establishment of the Presidential Office Indigenous Historical Justice and Transitional Justice Committee’, Office of the President of the ROC (Taiwan), 1 August. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://english.president.gov.tw/News/5096.
Office of the President (2020) ‘President Tsai attends 2020 International Mother Language Day: Indigenous Languages Development Conference’, Office of the President of the ROC (Taiwan), 22 February. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://english.president.gov.tw/News/5975.
Rowen, Ian and Rowen, Jamie (2017) ‘Taiwan’s truth and reconciliation commission: The geopolitics of transitional justice in a contested state’, International Journal of Transitional Justice 11(1): 92–112. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijx001.
Shih, Cheng-feng (2013) ‘王保鍵、邱榮舉: 台灣客家運動—客家基本法’ [Review: Pao-chien Wang, Rong-jeo Chiu: Taiwan Hakka Movement: The Hakka Fundamental Law], Global Hakka Studies, November(1): 236–245.
Shyu, Huoyan (2008) ‘Populism in Taiwan: The rise of a populist-democratic culture in a democratising society’, Asian Journal of Political Science 16(2): 130–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185370802204073.
Taipei Times (2015) ‘Interview: William Lai talks about his “Tainan Brand”’, 25 March. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2015/03/25/2003614365.
Taipei Times (2018) ‘Editorial: Practical steps needed on English’, 29 August. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2018/08/29/2003699383.
Taipei Times (2020) ‘First foundation for Aboriginal languages launched’, 24 February. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2020/02/24/2003731533.
Wang, Jung-hsiang (2017) ‘Civic groups call for founding of public Hoklo tv channel’, Taipei Times, 23 July. Retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2017/07/23/2003675135.
Wang, Pao-chien (2011) 臺灣客家運動與客家基本法 [Taiwan Hakka Movements and Hakka Basic Law], unpublished doctoral dissertationsubmitted at the Department of National Development, College of Social Sciences, National Taiwan University.
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 825 | 226 | 24 |
Full Text Views | 92 | 20 | 3 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 200 | 52 | 6 |
This paper surveys developments in language politics and policy in Taiwan under Tsai Ing-wen’s presidency (2016–present). Drawing on historical-institutionalist premises, it shows that recent language policy developments were path-dependent and built upon initiatives proposed under Chen Shui-bian’s presidency (2000–2008). The paper argues that the comparative success of Tsai’s initiatives owed not only to her party forming a legislative majority, but also to a broad sociopolitical consensus on transitional and historical justice, and to an incrementalist strategy that consisted in legislating on minority languages before laying out a comprehensive multilingual legal framework. Although recent language developments do fall within the purview of identity politics, these factors have enabled the Tsai administration to justify and legitimise measures towards language recognition and revitalisation as intrinsic to Taiwan’s democratic consolidation, rather than as tools for identity building.
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 825 | 226 | 24 |
Full Text Views | 92 | 20 | 3 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 200 | 52 | 6 |