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For an Archaeology of Religious Identity in Adulis (Eritrea) and the Horn of Africa: Sources, Architecture, and Recent Archaeological Excavations

In: Journal of African Archaeology
Authors:
Gabriele Castiglia Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana Via Napoleone III, 1 00185 Rome Italy

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-294X
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Philippe Pergola Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana Via Napoleone III, 1 00185 Rome Italy

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Marco Ciliberti Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana Via Napoleone III, 1 00185 Rome Italy

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Božana Maletić Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana Via Napoleone III, 1 00185 Rome Italy

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9801-0818
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Matteo Pola Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana Via Napoleone III, 1 00185 Rome Italy

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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1265-8400
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Omar Larentis Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria Via Ravasi 2, 21100 Varese Italy

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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9633-0669
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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present new archaeological data coming from the recent excavations in Adulis (Eritrea) in the so-called “Church of the British Museum”, discovered in 1868 by Captain Goodfellow. New excavations that began in 2018 have led to highlight the biggest church known so far in Adulis, probably the ecclesia episcopalis. It stands as a 30 meters long building, which follows the typical Aksumite architectural layout. Also, the great quantity of decorated marbles coming from the church are of great interest, revealing important contacts with Yemen and Byzantium, mostly in the 6th century AD. The new archaeological data will be contextualized in the wider scenario of the rise and establishment of early Christianity in the Aksumite kingdom, until the arrival of Islam.

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