In the late 1970s, after the tumultuous period of the Cultural Revolution, the policy of the government of the People’s Republic of China (prc) in terms of scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation with the United States changed from rejection and exclusion to active participation and promotion. In this process, ideas and views played an important role. The outlook of the Chinese leadership and particularly Deng Xiaoping on science redefined China’s national interests, turning the promotion of Sino-U.S. science and technology cooperation into an active policy of the Chinese government. During the 1970s, the two countries conducted large-scale intergovernmental cooperation in the field of civil science and technology, signed the agreement on scientific and technological cooperation and dozens of memorandums of understanding and protocols, and finally, in 1979, established a long-term scientific and technological cooperation system. The article explores Sino-American relations through the prism of scientific and technological cooperation, showing how this contributed to creating long-term friendly relations beyond other high politics issues.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
Access to Archival Databases (AAD). www.archives.gov/aad.
Brzezinski, Zbigniew. Power and Principle: Memoirs of the National Security Advisor, 1977–1981 (Chinese Version). Beijing: World Affairs Press, 1985.
Deng Xiaoping. Deng Xiaoping Wenxuan [Selected works of Deng Xiaoping]. Vol. 2. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 1983.
“The First Group of Chinese Visiting Scholars to Study in the United States Left Beijing.” People’s Daily, 27 December 1978, p. 4.
Gu Mu. Gu Mu Huiyilu [Memoirs of Gu Mu]. Beijing: Central Academic Press, 2009.
Hu Weijia, Ed. zhongguo keji zhengce ziliao xuanji (1964–1995) [Selected Archives on Chinese S&T Policy (1964–1995)]. Vol. 2. Jinan: Shandong Education Press, 2006.
Literature Research Office of the cpc Central Committee. Deng Xiaoping Nianpu (1975-1997) [Chronicle of Deng Xiaoping (1975–1997)]. Part 1. Beijing: Central Academic Press, 2007.
“Proclamation on the Suspension of Entry as Nonimmigrants of Certain Students and Researchers from the People’s Republic of China.” https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-suspension-entry-nonimmigrants-certain-students-researchers-peoples-republic-china/.
1978–1985 Nian Quanguo Kexuejishu Fazhan Guihua Gangyao (Caoan) [Outline of the National Plan for The Development of Science and Technology 1978–1985 (draft)], http://www.most.gov.cn/ztzl/gjzcqgy/zcqgylshg/200508/t20050831_24438.htm.
U.S. Department of State. Records of the U.S. Department of State. Record Group 59. National Archives II. College Park, MD.
“Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping and President Carter Signed the Sino-U.S. Agreement on Science and Technology Cooperation and the Cultural Agreement and Delivered Speeches.” People’s Daily, 2 February 1979, p. 1.
Xinhua News Agency. Lianhe Gongbao [Joint Communique]. People’s Daily, 28 February 1972, p. 1.
Chen Donglin. “Kaifang de qianzou: ‘sisanfangan’ jiqi dui gaigekaifang de yingxiang” [“A Prelude to Opening-up: Forty-three Scheme and the Influence on the Reform and Opening-up”]. Journal of National Museum of China, no. 1 (January 2019): 10–19.
Deng Zhengyun. “Research on Sino-U.S. Economic and Trade Relations in the 1970s.” Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Party School of the Central Committee of Communist Party of China, 2016. Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
Editorial team of Fang Yi Anthology. Fang Yi wenji [Fang Yi Anthology]. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 2008.
Fang Weizhong. Zai Fenglang Zhong Qianjin—Zhongguo de Fazhan yu Gaige Biannian Jishi (1977–1989) [Moving Forward in the Storm—A Chronicle of China’s Development and Reform (1977–1989)]. Vol. 1. (unpublished).
Li Qi. “Ji 1978nian Zhoulao Shuai Zhongguo Jiaoyu Daibiaotuan Fangmei” [“To Commemorate the Visit to America of the Chinese Education Delegation Led by Zhou Lao in 1978].” Jinian Zhou Peiyuan Wenji [In Memory of Zhou Peiyuan’s Anthology], 98–104. Beijing: Xueyuan Press, 2002.
Long, William J. “Trade and Technology Incentives and Bilateral Cooperation.” International Studies Quarterly 40, No. 1 (March 1996): 77–106.
Millwood, Pete. “An ‘Exceedingly Delicate Undertaking’: Sino-American Science Diplomacy, 1966–78.” Journal of Contemporary History 56, No. 1 (January 2021): 166–90.
Ren Guixiang. “Deng Xiaoping ‘jiefengxingchuan’ tuidong zhongguo keji gaige sixiang yanjiu” [“Research on Deng Xiaoping’s Thought of ‘Sailing by Wind’ and Pushing Forward the Chinese Technological Reform”]. CPC History Studies, No.1 (January 2015): 85–97.
Ross, Robert S. Negotiating Cooperation: The United States and China, 1969–1989 (Chinese Version). Cong Fenghui, trans. Beijing: Central Compilation & Translation Press, 1998.
Song, Min. “Economic Normalization: Sino-American Trade Relations from 1969 to 1980.” Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Georgia, 2009. Athens, GA.
Suttmeier, Richard P. “Scientific Cooperation and Conflict Management in U.S.-China Relations from 1978 to the Present.” Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences 866 (December 30, 1998): 137–64.
Suttmeier, Richard P. and Denis Fred, Simon. “Conflict and Cooperation in the Development of US–China Relations in Science and Technology: Empirical Observations and Theoretical Implications.”In The Global Politics of Science and Technology. Vol. 2. Maximilian Mayer, Mariana Carpes, and Ruth Knoblich, Eds., 143–59. Berlin: Springer, 2014.
Vogel, Ezra F. “Deng Xiaoping yu zhongguo de duiwaikaifang-1977–1979 nian de zhongmei guanxi” [“Deng Xiaoping and China’s Opening to the Outside World: The Sino-American Relations from 1977–1979”]. Huang YushengTrans. Contemporary China History Studies 16, No. 6(2009): 36–49.
Vogel, Ezra F. Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China (in Chinese). Feng Keli, trans. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press of Hong Kong, 2011.
Wang, Zuoyue. “U.S.-China Scientific Exchange: A Case Study of State-Sponsored Scientific Internationalism during the Cold War and Beyond.” Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 30, No. 1(1999): 249–77.
Xiao Donglian. “Zhongguo gaigekaifang chuqi dui guowai jingyan de xitong kaocha he jiejian [“The Systematic Investigation and Use for Reference of Foreign Experience in the Early Days of Reform”]. CPC History Studies, No. 4 (June 2006): 22–32.
Xu Xinmin. keji waishi fengyunlu [History of S&T Foreign Affairs]. Beijing: Science and Technology Literature Press, 2015.
Yi, Xin. “The Transfer of Civil High Tech Equipment and Military Equipment to the prc under the Carter Administration.” American Studies Quarterly, No. 5 (2016): 126–46.
Zhang Jing. “Deng Xiaoping yu zhongmei keji hezuo de kaizhan (1977–1979 nian)” [“Deng Xiaoping and the Development of Sino-US Scientific and Technological Cooperation (1977–1979)”]. Contemporary China History Studies 21, No. 3 (May 2014): 14–23.
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 2808 | 851 | 66 |
Full Text Views | 112 | 14 | 1 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 248 | 41 | 2 |
In the late 1970s, after the tumultuous period of the Cultural Revolution, the policy of the government of the People’s Republic of China (prc) in terms of scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation with the United States changed from rejection and exclusion to active participation and promotion. In this process, ideas and views played an important role. The outlook of the Chinese leadership and particularly Deng Xiaoping on science redefined China’s national interests, turning the promotion of Sino-U.S. science and technology cooperation into an active policy of the Chinese government. During the 1970s, the two countries conducted large-scale intergovernmental cooperation in the field of civil science and technology, signed the agreement on scientific and technological cooperation and dozens of memorandums of understanding and protocols, and finally, in 1979, established a long-term scientific and technological cooperation system. The article explores Sino-American relations through the prism of scientific and technological cooperation, showing how this contributed to creating long-term friendly relations beyond other high politics issues.
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 2808 | 851 | 66 |
Full Text Views | 112 | 14 | 1 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 248 | 41 | 2 |