River Defense and Fleet Building: The Song Navy in the Wars against the Jin and Mongol Forces
In: Journal of Chinese Military HistoryAbstract
The Song dynasty established a standing naval force, which was ignored by some historians since Song lost its defensive wars to the Jin and Mongol forces. This article examines improvements and innovations of Chinese naval operations during Song and pays particular attention to how the state economic reforms and state-centered financial system supported naval development. Song’s population growth and demographic changes also provided manpower for the government to maintain a huge army while establishing a large navy. As the new age of naval and siege warfare emerged, gunpowder weapons and new naval technology became more widespread. The Chinese military adapted to naval warfare during the Southern Song because it was economically and technologically possible. The south’s mastery of riverine warfare created a substantial defensive advantage against the north. Thus, when the Mongols later mastered riverine warfare, they penetrated throughout the south.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
-
Chen Gui 陳規. Shou cheng lu 守城錄. www.guoxuehttpcn.com/book/65b5ef3734d745969a4ef26492f39e63/.
-
Du You 杜佑. Tong dian 通典. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1988.
-
Gong Zhen 鞏珍. Xiyang fanguo zhi 西洋番國志. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2017.
-
Jin shi 金史, edited by Zhang Boquan 張博泉. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, 2020.
-
Li Quan 李荃. Taibai yinjing 太白阴经. Shijiazhuang: Hebei renmin chubanshe, 1991.
-
Liu Xu 劉昫. Jiu Tangshu 旧唐书. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1975.
-
Song shi 宋史. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1977.
-
Xu Song 徐松 et al. Song huiyao jigao 宋会要辑稿. Shanghai: Guji chubanshe, 2014.
-
Yuan shi 元史. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1976.
-
Zeng Gongliang 曾公亮 and Ding Du 丁度. Wujing zongyao武經總要. In Siku quanshu 四庫全書. Shanghai: Guji chubanshe, 2015.
-
Zhao Rukuo 趙汝适. Zhu fan zhi諸蕃志. In Feng Chengjun 馮承鈞, ed. Zhu fan zhi jiaozhu 諸蕃志校注. Taiwan: Taiwan shangwu yinshuguan, 1962.
-
Zhao Wannian 赵万年. Xiangyang shoucheng lu 襄阳守城录. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1991.
-
“Bei Song ruhe ping qi caizheng nengli zuodao ‘bai nian wu neiluan’?” 北宋如何凭其财政能力做到“百年无内乱”. Beijing ribao, November 25, 2021. Baijiahao.baidu.com /s?id=1717385085087002267&wfr.
-
Chen Gaohua 陳高華. 1991. Yuan shi yanjiu lungao 元史研究論稿. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.
-
Chen Xifeng 陈希丰. 2020. “Nan Song Jinghu zhanqu xingcheng shi: jian lun Yue jia jun de fangqu yu yinhuan” 南宋京湖战区形成史: 兼论岳家军的防区与隐患. Zhongshan daxue xuebao (Shehui kexue ban) 中山大學學報 (社会科学版), 60.2 (2020), 85–97.
-
Elleman, Bruce A. 2019. The Making of the Modern Chinese Navy: Special Historical Characteristics. London: Anthem Press, 2019.
-
Graff, David A. 2002. Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300–900. London: Routledge.
-
Graff, David A., and Robin Higham, eds. 2012. A Military History of China. Updated edition. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
-
Ho Ping-ti 何炳棣. 1988. Zhongguo gujin tudi shuzi de kaoshi yu pingjia 中國古今土 地數字的考釋與評價. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe.
-
Hong Li-wan 洪麗完. 2015. “Shiliu, shiqi shiji de haiquan shidai” 十六、十七世紀的海權时代. In Gao Mingshi 高明士, ed. Taiwan shi 台湾史. Second edition. Taipei: Wunan Publishing, 38–71.
-
Li, Xiaobing. 2019. The History of Taiwan. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
-
Liu Guanglin 刘光临 [William Guanglin Liu]. 2008. “Shichang, zhanzheng he caizheng guojia: dui Nan Song fushui wenti de zai sikao” 市场、战争和财政国家: 对南宋赋税问题的再思考 [“Warfare, Markets and the Fiscal State: A Reconsideration of Southern Song Taxation and Finance”]. Taida lishi xuebao 臺大歷史學報, 42 (December 2008), 221–286.
-
Liu, William Guanglin. 2015. “The Making of a Fiscal State in Song China, 960–1279.” The Economic History Review 68.1 (2015), 48–78.
-
Lo, Jung-pang. 1955. “The Emergence of China as a Sea Power in the Late Sung and Early Yuan Periods.” The Far Eastern Quarterly 14.4 (August 1955), 478–495.
-
Lo, Jung-pang. 2012. China as a Sea Power, 1127–1368. Singapore: National University of Singapore Press.
-
Lorge, Peter. 2003. The Asian Military Revolution: From Gunpowder to the Bomb. New York: Cambridge University Press.
-
Lorge, Peter. 2005. War, Politics, and Society in Early Modern China, 900–1795. New York: Routledge.
-
Lorge, Peter. 2012. “Water Forces and Naval Operations.” In David A. Graff and Robin Higham, eds. A Military History of China. Updated edition. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 81–96.
-
Neiberg, Michael S. 2001. Warfare in World History. London: Routledge.
-
Sawyer, Ralph D. 2004. Fire and Water: The Art of Incendiary and Aquatic Warfare in China. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
-
Von Glahn, Richard. 2016. The Economic History of China: From Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century. Reprint edition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
-
Wu Jiezhang 吴杰章 et al. 1989. Zhongguo jindai haijun shi 中国近代海军史. Beijing: Jiefangjun chubanshe.
-
Xinjiang History Textbook Editorial Group 新疆历史教材编写组. 1994. Xinjiang difang shi 新疆地方史. Urumqi: Xinjiang daxue chubanshe.
-
Zhongguo renmin geming junshi bowuguan 中国人民革命军事博物馆 [China National Military Museum]. 2002. Zhongguo zhanzheng fazhan shi 中国战争发展史. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe.
-
Zhongguo shehui kexueyuan lishi yanjiusuo 中国社会科学院历史研究所 [History Research Institute, China Academy of Social Sciences (CASS)]. 2012. Jianming Zhongguo lishi duben 简明中国历史读本. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexueyuan chubanshe.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 34 | 34 | 1 |
| Full Text Views | 40 | 40 | 21 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 81 | 81 | 48 |
River Defense and Fleet Building: The Song Navy in the Wars against the Jin and Mongol Forces
In: Journal of Chinese Military HistoryAbstract
The Song dynasty established a standing naval force, which was ignored by some historians since Song lost its defensive wars to the Jin and Mongol forces. This article examines improvements and innovations of Chinese naval operations during Song and pays particular attention to how the state economic reforms and state-centered financial system supported naval development. Song’s population growth and demographic changes also provided manpower for the government to maintain a huge army while establishing a large navy. As the new age of naval and siege warfare emerged, gunpowder weapons and new naval technology became more widespread. The Chinese military adapted to naval warfare during the Southern Song because it was economically and technologically possible. The south’s mastery of riverine warfare created a substantial defensive advantage against the north. Thus, when the Mongols later mastered riverine warfare, they penetrated throughout the south.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 34 | 34 | 1 |
| Full Text Views | 40 | 40 | 21 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 81 | 81 | 48 |