Fiscal System and Private Interests in Portuguese Asia under the Habsburgs, 1580-1640
In: Journal of the Economic and Social History of the OrientSearch for other papers by Susana Münch Miranda in
Current site
Google Scholar
By examining the main features of the fiscal system of Portuguese Asia and the private interests that clustered around it, this article contributes to the recent historiography on the pluralistic and negotiated dimensions of the colonial government. It argues that, in the context of the European power struggle that opposed the Dutch and the English against the Spanish Habsburgs, the financial needs of the Portuguese crown deepened pre-existing political and social arrangements, with the result that royal officials and colonial elites increasingly gained a role in imperial governance and in preserving the Portuguese empire in Asia. The alignment of interests here can be observed by looking at the extraordinary taxation introduced between 1617 and 1623, which provided added opportunities to co-opt local elites.
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3
For a survey, see S. Subrahmanyam, The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500-1700. A Political and Economic History (London: Longman, 1993).
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4
J.C. Boyajian, Portuguese Trade in Asia under the Habsburgs, 1580-1640 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993): 92-94; A. Disney, A Decadência do Império da Pimenta. Comércio português na Índia no início do século XVII (Lisbon: Edições 70, 1981); For an up-to-date survey, see J. Pedreira, “Costs and Financial Trends in the Portuguese Empire, 1400-1800”. In Portuguese Oceanic Expansion, 1400 to 1800, ed. F. Bethencourt and D.R. Curto (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007): 49-87.
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9
A.M. Hespanha, As Vésperas do Leviathan. Instituições e poder político, Portugal, século XVII (Coimbra: Almedina, 1994). Hespanha’s book is inserted in a historiographical stream that has been re-evaluating early modern political and legal models of Southern Europe (Italy, Spain and Portugal) since the late 1970s.
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11
J. Pedreira, “Costs and Financial Trends”: 74-82. For Spanish America, see R. Grafe and A. Irigoin, “The Spanish Empire and its Legacy: Fiscal Redistribution and Political Conflict in Colonial and Postcolonial Spanish America.” Journal of Global History 1/2 (2006): 241-67; R. Grafe and A. Irigoin, “A Stakeholder Empire: The Political Economy of Spanish Imperial Rule in America.” Economic History Review 65/2 (2012): 609-65.
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49
I. Copland and M.R. Godley, ‘Revenue Farming in Comparative Perspective: Reflections on Taxation, Social Structure and Development in the Early Modern Period’ in The Rise and Fall of Revenue Farming: Business Elites and the Emergence of the Modern State in Southeast Asia, ed. J. Butcher and H. Dick (St. Martin’s Press, 1993): 45.
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50
See S. Ianeva, “Financing the State? Tax-farming as a Source of Individual Wealth in the Nineteenth Century.” Oriens 37 (2009), 209-224; Ş. Pamuk, “Changes in Factor Markets in the Ottoman Empire, 1500-1800.” Continuity and Change 24/1 (2009): 107-136.
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73
J.E. Gelabert, La Bolsa del Rey. Rey, reino y fisco en Castilla, 1598-1648, (Barcelona: Grijalbo Mondadori, 1997).
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75
J.B. Collins, Fiscal Limits of Absolutism. Direct Taxation in Early Seventeenth-Century France (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988): 1-17; J.D. Tracy, “Taxation and State Debt.” In Handbook of European History (1400-1600). Late Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Reformation, vol. 1, Structures and Assertions, ed. T. Brady, H. Oberman and J.D. Tracy (Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1996): 563-588; A.M. Hespanha, “A Fazenda: 206-7; Bonney, “Revenues”: 472.
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77
A.T. de Matos, O Estado da Índia nos Anos de 1581-1588. Estrutura administrativa e económica. Alguns elementos para o seu estudo (Universidade dos Açores: Ponta Delgada, 1993): 190. On the role of Cochin in this juncture, see G.B. Souza, “Imperial Defense”.
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79
On this topic see A.M. Hespanha, “O Governo dos Áustria e a Modernização da Constituição Política Portuguesa.” Penélope 2 (1989): 50-73.
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82
M. Newitt, A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400-1668. (London: Routledge, 2005): 129.
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Fiscal System and Private Interests in Portuguese Asia under the Habsburgs, 1580-1640
In: Journal of the Economic and Social History of the OrientSearch for other papers by Susana Münch Miranda in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
By examining the main features of the fiscal system of Portuguese Asia and the private interests that clustered around it, this article contributes to the recent historiography on the pluralistic and negotiated dimensions of the colonial government. It argues that, in the context of the European power struggle that opposed the Dutch and the English against the Spanish Habsburgs, the financial needs of the Portuguese crown deepened pre-existing political and social arrangements, with the result that royal officials and colonial elites increasingly gained a role in imperial governance and in preserving the Portuguese empire in Asia. The alignment of interests here can be observed by looking at the extraordinary taxation introduced between 1617 and 1623, which provided added opportunities to co-opt local elites.
| All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 368 | 41 | 7 |
| Full Text Views | 270 | 0 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 99 | 4 | 1 |