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Helmer Rosting, ‘Protection of Minorities by the League of Nations’, American Journal of International Law 17 (1923), 641–660, 643. Rosting cites a number of documents before the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, including the 1555 Peace of Augsburg, the 1573 Pact of Warsaw, and the 1598 Edict of Nantes. For a view of the ‘classical’ Ottoman recognition, see Halil İnalcık, ‘The Status of the Greek Orthodox Patriarch under the Ottomans’, Turcica 21–23 (1991), 407–436. Umut Özsu dates the emergence of a robust international law of minority protection to 1815. See Umut Özsu, Formalizing Displacement: International Law and Population Transfers (Oxford: oup 2015), 22.
Eric D. Weitz, ‘From the Vienna to the Paris System: International Politics and the Entangled Histories of Human Rights, Forced Deportations, and Civilizing Missions’, American Historical Review 113 (2008), 1313–1343, 1317. Weitz points out that ‘the recognition of an independent Greece thus stood on the cusp of two worlds, the one of population diversity, the other of population homogeneity’.
Colban to Drummond, 19 March 1920, lon r 1617.
Najwa Al-Qattan, ‘Dhimmis in the Muslim Court: Legal Autonomy and Religious Discrimination’, International Journal of Middle East Studies 31 (1999), 429–444.
Mark Levene, ‘Creating a Modern “Zone of Genocide”: The Impact of Nation- and State-Formation on Eastern Anatolia, 1878–1923’, Holocaust and Genocide Studies 12 (1998), 393–433, 398.
Minute dated 19 September 1923, lon r 1685.
Carole Fink, ‘The League of Nations and the Minorities Question’, World Affairs 157 (1995), 197–205.
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