Intensive black soldier fly (BSF)Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) rearing has a great importance for the feed industry. The objective of the present work was to perform a systematic study about the effect of the feeding media on the concentration and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn in BSF fractions. Therefore, the evolution of the concentration of these elements has been studied along the stages of the BSF life cycle (larva, pupa and adult) as well as during its growth (exuviae) and metamorphosis (empty puparia). Two diets consisting of beer bagasse and commercial hen feed moistened with water have been chosen. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer has been used to perform the elemental analyses. The obtained results demonstrated that the behaviour was generally, similar for all the elements studied, i.e. an accumulation in exuviae and puparia followed by their further elimination. Moreover, no significant differences in the results as a function of the feeding media have been found. This may be attributed to the fact that the chosen diets were equally favourable for this insect’s growth. The obtained concentrations have been expressed on a dry as well as a wet sample basis. BAF results also suggested that exuviae and puparia could be used as supplements or as bioactive compounds.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
Barragan-Fonseca, K.B., Dicke, M. and Van Loon, J.J.A., 2017. Nutritional values of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) and its suitability as animal feed – a review. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 3: 105-120.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2016.0055
Bava, L., Jucker, C., Gislon, G., Lupi, D., Savoldelli, S., Zucali, M. and Colombini, S., 2019. Reareing ofHermetia Illucens on different organic by-products: influence on growth, waste reduction, and environmental impact. Animals 9: 289.https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9060289
Bulak, P., Polakowski, C., Nowak, K., Wasko, A., Wiacek, D. and Bieganowski, A., 2018.Hermetia illucens as a new and promising species for use in entomoremediation. Science of the Total Enviroment 633: 912-919.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.252
Calderón, C. and Valdés, J., 2012. Contenido de metales en sedimentos y organismos bentónicos de la bahía San Jorge, Antofagasta, Chile. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 47: 121-133.https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-19572012000100011
Danieli, P.P., Lussiana, C., Gasco, L., Amici, A. and Ronchi, B., 2019. The effects of diet formulation on the yield, proximate composition, and fatty acid profile of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) prepupae intended for animal feed. Animals 9: 178.https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9040178
Davinson, G., Lambie, C.L., James, W.M., Skene, M. and Skene, K.R., 1999. Metal content in insects associated with ultramafic and non-ultramafic sites in the Scottish Highlands. Ecological Entomology 24: 369-401.https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2311.1999.00213.x
De Marco, M., Martínez, S., Hernandez, F., Madrid, J., Gai, F., Rotolo, L., Belforti, M., Bergero, D., Katz, H., Dabbou, S., Kovitvadhi, A., Zoccarato, I., Gasco, L. and Schiavone, A., 2015. Nutritional value of two insect larval meals (Tenebrio molitor andHermetia illucens) for broiler chickens: apparent nutrient digestibility, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy. Animal Feed Science and Technology 209: 211-218.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.08.006
Diener, S., Zurbrügg, C. and Tockner, K., 2015. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens and effects on its life cycle. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 1: 261-270.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2015.0030
Finke, M.D., 2013. Complete nutrient content of four species of feeder insects. Zoo Biology 32: 27-36.https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21012
Gao, Q., Wang, X., Wang, W., Lei, C. and Zhu, F., 2017. Influences of chromium and cadmium on the development of black soldier fly larvae. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24: 8637-8644.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8550-3
Gobbi, P., Martínez-Sánchez, A. and Rojo, S., 2013. The effects of larval diet on adult life-history traits of the black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomydae). European Journal of Entomology 110: 461-468.https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2013.061
Gyliene, O. and Salkauskas, M., 2002. Heavy metal ion accumulation on fly larva shells. Ekologija 2: 26-31. Available at:http://www.elibrary.lt/resursai/LMA/Ekologija/E-26.pdf
Jucker, C., Leonardi, M.G., Rigamonti, I., Lupi, D. and Savoldelli, S., 2019. Brewery’s waste streams as a valuable substrate for black soldier flyHermetia Illucens (Diptera: Stratiomydae). Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 51: 8876.https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2019.8876
Liland, N.S., Biancarosa, I., Araujo, P., Biemans, D., Bruckner, C.G., Waagbø, R., Torstensen, B.E. and Lock, E., 2017. Modulation of nutrient composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae by feeding seaweed-enriched media. PLoS ONE 12(8): e0183188.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183188
Lopez-Santamarina, A., Mondagron, A., Lamas, A., Miranda, J.M., Franco, C.M. and Cepeda, A., 2020. Animal-origin prebiotics based on chitin: an alternative for the future? A critical review. Foods 9: 782.https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9060782
Maryanski, M., Kramarz, P., Laskowski, R. and Niklinska, M., 2002. Decreased energetic reserves, morphological changes and accumulation of metals in carabid beetles (Poecilus cupreus L.) exposed to zinc-or cadmium-contaminated food. Ecotoxicology 11: 127-139.https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014425113481
Meneguz, M., Schiavone, A., Gai, F., Dama, A., Lussiana, C., Renna, M. and Gasco, L., 2018. Effect of rearing substrate on growth performance, waste reduction efficiency and chemical composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 98: 5776-5784.https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9127
Mlček, J., Adamek, M., Adámková, A., Borkovcová, M., Bednářová, M. and Skácel, J., 2018. Detection of selected heavy metals and micronutrients in edible insect and their dependency on the feed using XRF spectrometry. Protavinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 11: 725-730.https://doi.org/10.5219/850
Mountouris, A., Voutsas, E. and Tassios, D., 2002. Bioconcentration of heavy metals in aquatic environments: the importance of bioavailability. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44: 1136-1141.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00168-6
National Research Council (NRC), 1994. Nutrient requirements of poultry, 9th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA, 176 pp.https://doi.org/10.17226/2114
Nguyen, T., Tomberlin, J. and Vanlaerhoven, S., 2013. Influence of resources onHermetia illucens (Dipetra: Stratiomydae) larval development. Journal of Medical Entomology 50: 4.https://doi.org/10.1603/ME12260
Oonincx, D. and Finke, M.D., 2020. Mutritional value of insects and ways to manipulate their composition. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7(5): 639-659.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0050
Oonincx, D., Van Broekhoven, S., Van Huis, A. and Van Loon, J., 2015. Feed conversion, survival and development, and composition of four insect species on diets composed of food by-products. PLoS ONE 10(12): e0144601.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144601. Correction: PLoS ONE 14(10): e0222043.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222043
Proc, K., Bulak, P., Wiacek, D. and Bieganowski, A., 2020.Hermetia illucens exhibits bioaccumulative potential for 15 different elements – implications for feed and food production. Science of the Total Environment 723: 138125.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138125
Rumpold, B.A. and Schlüter, O.K., 2013. Potencial and challenges of insects as an innovative source for food and feed production. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies 17: 1-11.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2012.11.005
Saadoun, J.H., Montevecchi, G., Zanasi, L., Bortolini, S., Macavei, L.I., Masino, F., Maistrello, L. and Antonelli, S., 2020. Lipid profile and growth of black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens, Stratiomyidae) reared on by-products from different food chains. Science of Food and Agriculture 100: 3648-3657.https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10397
Shumo, M., Osuga, I.M., Khamis, F.M., Tanga, C.M., Fiaboe, K., Subramanian, S., Ekesi, S., Van Huis, A. and Borgemeister, C., 2019. The nutritive value of black soldier fly larvae reared on common organic waste streams in Kenya. Scientific Reports 9: 10110.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46603-z
Smetana, S., Schimitt, E. and Mathys, A., 2019. Sustainable use ofHermetia illucens insect biomass for feed and food: attributional and consequential life cycle assessment. Resources, Conservationy Recycling 144: 285-296.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.01.042
Spranghers, T., Ottoboni, M., Klootwijk, C., Ovyn, A., Deboosere, S., De Meulenaer, B., Michiels, J., Eeckhout, E., De Clercq, P. and De Smet, S., 2017. Nutritional composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae reared on different organic waste substrates. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 97: 2594-2600.https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8081
Tacon, A., 1986. Nutrición y Alimentación de Peces y Camarones cultivados. Manual de Capacitación. FAO, Rome, Italy. Available at:http://www.fao.org/tempref/FI/CDrom/aquaculture/a0845t/volume2/docrep/field/003/ab492s/AB492S00.htm#TOC
Todolí, J.L. and Mermet, J.M., 1999. Acid interferences in atomic spectrometry: analyte signal effects and subsequent reduction. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 54: 895-929.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00041-5
Tomberlin, J.K. and Van Huis, A., 2020. Black soldier fly from pest to ‘crown jewel’ of the insects as feed industry: an historical perspective. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 6: 1-4.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0003
Tschirner, M. and Simon, A., 2015. Influence of different growing substrates and processing on the nutrient composition of black soldier fly larvae destined for animal feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 1: 249-259.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2014.0008
Wang, S.Y., Wu, L., Li, B. and Zhang, D., 2019. Reproductive potential and nutritional composition ofHermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) prepupae reared on different organic wastes. Economic Entomology 113: 1.https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz296
Wang, W., Zhang, W., Wang, X., Lei, C., Tang, R., Zhang, F., Yang, Q. and Zhu, F., 2017. Tracing heavy metals in ‘swine manure-maggot-chicken’ production chain. Scientific Reports 7: 8417.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07317-2
Wang, X., Gao, Q., Liu, X., Wang, X., Lei, C., Sayed, W.A.A. and Zhu, F., 2018. Metallothionein inHermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), a potential biomarker for organic waste system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25: 5379-5385.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0856-7
Wu, N., Wang, X., Xu, X., Gai, R. and Xie, S., 2020. Effects of heavy metals on the bioaccumulation, excretion and gut microbiome of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 192: 110323.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110323
Zhuang, P., Huiling, Z. and Wensheng, S., 2008. Biotransfer of heavy metals along a soil-plan-insect-chicken food chain: field study. Journal of Environmental Sciences 21: 849-853.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62351-7
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 187 | 185 | 29 |
Full Text Views | 26 | 17 | 0 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 48 | 42 | 0 |
Intensive black soldier fly (BSF)Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) rearing has a great importance for the feed industry. The objective of the present work was to perform a systematic study about the effect of the feeding media on the concentration and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn in BSF fractions. Therefore, the evolution of the concentration of these elements has been studied along the stages of the BSF life cycle (larva, pupa and adult) as well as during its growth (exuviae) and metamorphosis (empty puparia). Two diets consisting of beer bagasse and commercial hen feed moistened with water have been chosen. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer has been used to perform the elemental analyses. The obtained results demonstrated that the behaviour was generally, similar for all the elements studied, i.e. an accumulation in exuviae and puparia followed by their further elimination. Moreover, no significant differences in the results as a function of the feeding media have been found. This may be attributed to the fact that the chosen diets were equally favourable for this insect’s growth. The obtained concentrations have been expressed on a dry as well as a wet sample basis. BAF results also suggested that exuviae and puparia could be used as supplements or as bioactive compounds.
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 187 | 185 | 29 |
Full Text Views | 26 | 17 | 0 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 48 | 42 | 0 |