Effects of diet on the biological activities and content of functional components of silkworm Bombyx mori and its faeces
In: Journal of Insects as Food and FeedSearch for other papers by Y. Tagawa in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by T. Kawahara in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by S. Kotani in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by M. Wada in
Current site
Google Scholar
Abstract
Silkworm, Bombyx mori, and its faeces are notable healthy foods because of their biologically active components originating from mulberry (Morus spp.) leaves. However, in modern sericulture, silkworms are reared on artificial diet made primarily from defatted soybeans and dried mulberry leaf powder throughout the year. Neither the contents of functional components nor the biological activities of silkworms and their faeces raised on artificial diet have been investigated. Therefore, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) content, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), total phenolic, total flavonoid and chlorophyll content were evaluated in silkworms and their faeces reared on mulberry leaves, artificial diet and then artificial diet switched to mulberry leaf from the fifth instar for four days. The DNJ content of silkworms depended on that in their diet and was significantly lower in silkworms fed with artificial diet than in those fed with mulberry leaves similar to the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. On the contrary, TEAC, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were similar in all silkworms regardless of feeding conditions. In the faeces of the artificial diet-reared group, TEAC, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were significantly higher than those of the mulberry leaf-reared group. Chlorophyll content in faeces depended on the content of diet, whereas that in silkworms was low regardless of the diet type. The biological activities and contents of functional compounds in the artificial diet-reared group were at similar levels with those of the mulberry leaf-reared group when the diet switched to mulberry leaf from the first day of the fifth instar for four days, indicating that the biological activities and content of functional components in silkworms and its faeces are defined by diet and changeable over a short period.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
-
Anuduang, A., Loo, Y.Y., Jomduang, S., Lim, S.J. and Mustapha, W.A.W., 2020. Effect of thermal processing on physico-chemical and antioxidant properties in mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) powder. Foods 9(7): 871. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9070871.
-
Breitmeier, D., Günther, S. and Heymann, H., 1997. Acarbose and 1-deoxynojirimycin inhibit maltose and maltooligosaccharide hydrolysis of human small intestinal glucoamylase-maltase in two different substrate-induced modes. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 346(1): 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1997.0274.
-
Chen, D.B., Zhang, R.S., Bian, H.X., Li, Q., Xia, R.X., Li, Y.P., Liu, Y.Q. and Lu, C., 2019. Comparative mitochondrial genomes provide new insights into the true wild progenitor and origin of domestic silkworm Bombyx mori. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 131(15): 176-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.002.
-
Dirar, A.I., Alsaadi, D.H.M., Wada, M., Mohamed, M.A., Watanabe, T. and Devkota, H.P., 2019. Effects of extraction solvents on total phenolic and flavonoid contents and biological activities of extracts from Sudanese medicinal plants. South African Journal of Botany 120: 261-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.07.003.
-
Duan, H., Zhang, Q., Liu, J., Li, R., Peng, W. and Wu, C., 2021. An integrated approach based on network pharmacology combined with experimental verification reveals AMPK/PI3K/Akt signaling is an important way for the anti-type 2 diabetic activity of silkworm excrement. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy 14: 601-616. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S291638.
-
Feng, Y., Chen, X.M., Zhao, M., He, Z., Sun, L., Wang, C.Y. and Ding, W.F., 2018. Edible insects in China: utilization and prospects. Insect Science 25: 184-198. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12449.
-
Hamamoto, H., Horie, R. and Sekimizu, K., 2019. Pharmacokinetics of anti-infectious reagents in silkworms. Scientific Reports 9: 9451. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46013-1.
-
Han, J., Wang, Y., Ma, J., Wu, Y., Hu, Y., Ni, L. and Li, Y., 2013. Simultaneous aqueous two-phase extraction and saponification reaction of chlorophyll from silkworm excrement. Separation and Purification Technology 115(30): 51-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2013.04.047.
-
Hanozet, G., Pircher, H.P., Vanni, P., Oesch, B. and Semenza, G., 1981. An example of enzyme hysteresis. The slow and tight interaction of some fully competitive inhibitors with small intestinal sucrase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 256(8): 3703-3711. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)69512-8.
-
Heim, K.E., Tagliaferro, A.R. and Bobilya, D.J., 2002. Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13(10): 572-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(02)00208-5.
-
Heinonen, S.M., Hoikkala, A., Wähälä, K. and Adlercreutz, H., 2003. Metabolism of the soy isoflavones daidzein, genistein and glycitein in human subjects. Identification of new metabolites having an intact isoflavonoid skeleton. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 87: 285-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2003.09.003.
-
Hirayama, C., Konno, K., Wasano, N. and Nakamura, M., 2007. Differential effects of sugar-mimic alkaloids in mulberry latex on sugar metabolism and disaccharidases of Eri and domesticated silkworms: enzymatic adaptation of Bombyx mori to mulberry defense. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 37(12): 1348-1358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.09.001.
-
Hu, T.G., Wen, P., Shen, W.Z., Liu, F., Li, Q., Li, E.N., Liao, S.T., Wu, H. and Zou, Y.X., 2019. Effect of 1-deoxynojirimycin isolated from mulberry leaves on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. Journal of Natural Products 82(8): 2189-2200. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00205.
-
Jingade, A.H., Vijayan, K., Somasundaram, P., Srinivasababu, G.K. and Kamble, C.K., 2011. A review of the implications of heterozygosity and inbreeding on germplasm biodiversity and its conservation in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Journal of Insect Science 11(1): 8. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.011.0108.
-
Ju, W.T., Kim, K.Y., Sung, G.B. and Kim, Y.S., 2014. Effects of physiological active substance extracted from silkworm feces. International Journal of Industrial Entomology 29(2): 179-184. https://doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2014.29.2.179.
-
Kong, W.H., Oh, S.H., Ahn, Y.R., Kim, K.W., Kim, J.H. and Seo, S.W., 2008. Antiobesity effects and improvement of insulin sensitivity by 1-deoxynojirimycin in animal models. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56: 2613-2619.
-
Konno, K., 2011. Plant latex and other exudates as plant defense systems: roles of various defense chemicals and proteins contained therein. Phytochemistry 72(13): 1510-1530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.02.016.
-
Kudou, S., Fleury, Y., Welti, D., Magnolato, D., Uchida, T., Kitamura, K. and Okubo, K., 1991. Malonyl isoflavone glycosides in soybean seeds (Glycine max Merrill). Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 55(9): 2227-2233. https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870966.
-
Kulling, S.E., Honig, D.M. and Metzler, M., 2001. Oxidative metabolism of the soy isoflavones daidzein and genistein in humans in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Agricultural and food Chemistry 49(6): 3024-3033. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0012695.
-
Li, M., Chen, L., Dai, Y., Li, J., Li, F., Li, Q., Yu, Z. and Chai, K., 2021. Differential metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis of silkworm biotransformation between mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021: 8819538. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8819538.
-
Liu, Q., Li, X., Li, C., Zheng, Y. and Peng, G., 2015. 1-Deoxynojirimycin alleviates insulin resistance via activation of insulin signaling PI3K/AKT pathway in skeletal muscle of db/db mice. Molecules 20(12): 21700-21714. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201219794.
-
Mattia, C.D., Battista, N., Sacchetti, G. and Serafini, M., 2019. Antioxidant activities in vitro of water and liposoluble extracts obtained by different species of edible insects and invertebrates. Frontiers in Nutrition 6: 00106. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2019.00106.
-
Mauchamp, B., Royer, C., Garel, A., Jalabert, A., Rocha, M., Grenier, A.M., Labas, V., Vinh, J., Mita, K., Kadono, K. and Chavancy, G., 2006. Polycalin (chlorophyllid A binding protein): a novel, very large fluorescent lipocalin from the midgut of the domestic silkworm Bombyx mori L. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 36(8): 623-633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.05.006.
-
Mayo, B., Vázquez, L. and Flórez, A.B., 2019. Equol: a bacterial metabolite from the daidzein isoflavone and its presumed beneficial health effects. Nutrients 11(9): 2231. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092231.
-
Moruzzo, R., Mancini, S. and Guidi, A., 2021. Edible insects and sustainable development goals. Insects 12(6): 557. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12060557.
-
Nakagawa, K., Ogawa, K., Higuchi, O., Kimura, T., Miyazawa, T. and Hori, M., 2010. Determination of iminosugars in mulberry leaves and silkworms using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical Biochemistry 404(2): 217-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2010.05.007.
-
Okawa, M., Kinjo, J., Nohara, T. and Ono, M., 2001. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of flavonoids obtained from some medicinal plants. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 24(10): 1202-1205. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.24.1202.
-
Park, J.H., Lee, D.G., Yeon, S.W., Kwon, H.S., Ko, J.H., Shin, D.J., Park, H.S., Kim, Y.S., Bang, M.H. and Baek, N.I., 2011. Isolation of megastigmane sesquiterpenes from the silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) droppings and their promotion activity on HO-1 and SIRT1. Archives of Pharmacal Research 34(4): 533-542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-011-0403-x.
-
Park, J.H., Yeon, S.W., Cho, J.G., Lee, D.Y., Kim, Y.S. and Baek, N.I., 2010. Lignans from silkworm droppings and their promotional activities on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry 53: 734-739. https://doi.org/10.3839/jksabc.2010.111.
-
Patel, S., Suleria, H.A.R. and Rauf, A., 2019. Edible insects as innovative foods: nutritional and functional assessments. Trends in Food Science and Technology 86: 352-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.033.
-
Pérez-Jiménez, J., Neveu, V., Vos, F. and Scalbert, A., 2010. Identification of the 100 richest dietary sources of polyphenols: an application of the Phenol-Explorer database. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 64: 112-120. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.221.
-
Porra, R.J., Thompson, W.A. and Kriedemann, P.E., 1989. Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophylls a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta – Bioenergetics 975(3): 384-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728(89)80347-0.
-
Prior, R.L., Wu, X. and Schaich, K., 2005. Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(10): 4290-4302. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0502698.
-
Ryu, K.S., Lee, H.S. and Kim, I., 2002. Effects and mechanisms of silkworm powder as a blood glucose-lowerinly agent. International Journal of Industrial Entomology 4(2): 93-100.
-
Sánchez, C., Baranda, A.B. and Marañón, I.M.D., 2014. The effect of high pressure and high temperature processing on carotenoids and chlorophylls content in some vegetables. Food Chemistry 63(15): 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.041.
-
Shraim, A.M., Ahmed, T.A., Rahman, M.M. and Hijji, Y.M., 2021. Determination of total flavonoid content by aluminum chloride assay: a critical evaluation. LWT – Food Science and Technology 150: 111932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111932.
-
Singh, K.P. and Jayasomu, R.S., 2002. Bombyx mori – a review of its potential as a medicinal insect. Pharmaceutical Biology 40(1): 28-32. https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.40.1.28.5857.
-
Thomas, P. and Dong, J., 2006. Binding and activation of the seven-transmembrane estrogen receptor GPR30 by environmental estrogens: a potential novel mechanism of endocrine disruption. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 102: 175-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.09.017.
-
Van Huis, A., Itterbeeck, J.V., Klunder, H., Mertens, E., Halloran, A., Muir, G. and Vantomme, P., 2013. Edible insects: future prospects for food and feed security. FAO Forestry Paper. Available at: https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/fulltext/258042.
-
Yatsunami, K., Murata, K. and Kamei, T., 2011. 1-Deoxynojirimycin content and alfa-glucosidase inhibitory activity and heat stability of 1-deoxynojirimycin in silkworm powder. Food and Nutrition Sciences 2: 87-89. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2011.22011.
-
Yin, H., Shi, X.Q., Sun, B., Ye, J.J., Duan, Z.A., Zhou, X., Cui, W.Z. and Wu, X.F., 2010. Accumulation of 1-deoxynojirimycin in silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B 11(4): 286-291. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0900344.
-
Zhang, L., Bai, Y., Su, S., Ouyang, Z., Liu, L., Pan, G., Qian, D. and Duan, J., 2019. Metabolism, transformation and dynamic changes of alkaloids in silkworm during feeding mulberry leaves. Natural Product Research 33: 1182-1190. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1465422.
-
Zhang, Q., Zhang, J., Shen, J., Silva, A., Dennis, D.A. and Barrow, C.J., 2006. A simple 96-well microplate method for estimation of total polyphenol content in seaweeds. Journal of Applied Phycology 18: 445-450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-006-9048-4.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 302 | 180 | 22 |
| Full Text Views | 56 | 1 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 84 | 4 | 0 |
Effects of diet on the biological activities and content of functional components of silkworm Bombyx mori and its faeces
In: Journal of Insects as Food and FeedSearch for other papers by Y. Tagawa in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by T. Kawahara in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by S. Kotani in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by M. Wada in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
Silkworm, Bombyx mori, and its faeces are notable healthy foods because of their biologically active components originating from mulberry (Morus spp.) leaves. However, in modern sericulture, silkworms are reared on artificial diet made primarily from defatted soybeans and dried mulberry leaf powder throughout the year. Neither the contents of functional components nor the biological activities of silkworms and their faeces raised on artificial diet have been investigated. Therefore, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) content, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), total phenolic, total flavonoid and chlorophyll content were evaluated in silkworms and their faeces reared on mulberry leaves, artificial diet and then artificial diet switched to mulberry leaf from the fifth instar for four days. The DNJ content of silkworms depended on that in their diet and was significantly lower in silkworms fed with artificial diet than in those fed with mulberry leaves similar to the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. On the contrary, TEAC, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were similar in all silkworms regardless of feeding conditions. In the faeces of the artificial diet-reared group, TEAC, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were significantly higher than those of the mulberry leaf-reared group. Chlorophyll content in faeces depended on the content of diet, whereas that in silkworms was low regardless of the diet type. The biological activities and contents of functional compounds in the artificial diet-reared group were at similar levels with those of the mulberry leaf-reared group when the diet switched to mulberry leaf from the first day of the fifth instar for four days, indicating that the biological activities and content of functional components in silkworms and its faeces are defined by diet and changeable over a short period.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 302 | 180 | 22 |
| Full Text Views | 56 | 1 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 84 | 4 | 0 |