Over the last two decades, Chinese armed forces have been increasingly exposed to the global norms of UN peacekeeping, not least through expanded participation in international peacekeeping operations. As the largest Security Council permanent member troop contributor, more than four fifths of Chinese troops in UN peacekeeping operations are deployed in Africa. As such, China is increasingly in a position to strengthen peacekeeping operations, contribute to stability, security, and security sector reform in Africa, and expand its regional multilateral military cooperation, all of which raises the prospects for China to become more integrated in the international community and a responsible, and responsive, major power. Given these important developments and their implications for the future of peacekeeping in Africa, this paper seeks to: identify the key determinants that undergird China’s evolving foreign policy approach toward peacekeeping principles and praxis in Africa; ascertain the degree and trace the process in which increasing interactions between China, the African Union, and the broader international community have led Chinese policy elites to consider greater flexibility in their views toward sovereignty and the changing nature of peacekeeping; assess how a rising China may exert its influence through its expanding role in peacekeeping; and analyze the strategic implications of these security developments for Africa.
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Alastair Iain Johnston, Social States: China in International Institutions 1980-2000 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008) and Shogo Suzuki, ‘Seeking Legitimate Great Power Status in Post-Cold War International Society: China’s and Japan’s Participation in UNPKO’, International Relations, vol. 22, no. 1, 2008, pp. 45–63.
See Stefan Staehle, ‘China’s Shifting Attitude Towards UN Peacekeeping Operations’, The China Quarterly, no. 195, 2008, pp. 631–55; Chin-Hao Huang, ‘Peacekeeping, Sovereignty, and Intervention: China’ in Emilian Kavalski (ed.), Chinese Foreign Policy (London: Ashgate, 2012), pp. 337-349; Bates Gill and Chin-Hao Huang, China’s Expanding Role in Peacekeeping, Stockholm: SIPRI, 2009; International Crisis Group, ‘China’s Growing Role in UN Peacekeeping’, Brussels, 2009.
See Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics (New York: Random House, 1979).
Stephen Krasner, ‘Compromising Westphalia’, International Security, vol. 20, no. 3, 1995, pp. 611-637.
Andrew Moravcsik, ‘Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics’, International Organization, vol. 51, no. 4, 1997, pp. 513-553.
Chin-Hao Huang, ‘Principles and Praxis in Chinese Peacekeeping’, International Peacekeeping, vol. 18, no. 3, 2011, pp. 259–272.
Taylor Seybolt, Humanitarian Military Intervention: The Conditions for Success and Failure (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007). See also, Gareth Evans, ‘Responding to Atrocities: The New Geopolitics of Intervention’, SIPRI Yearbook 2012 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).
Allen Carlson, Unifying China, Integrating with the World: Securing Chinese Sovereignty in the Reform Era (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2005). Also see Liu Jie, Renquan yu Guojia Zhuquan (Human Rights and State Sovereignty) (Shanghai: Shanghai Renmin Chubanshe, 2004); Cheng Shuaihua, ‘Guojia zhuquan yu guoji renquan de ruogan wenti’ (Issues Involving International Human Rights and State Sovereignty), Ouzhou (Europe), no. 1, 2000, pp. 32–35; Shi Yinhong, ‘Lun ershi shiji guoji guifan tixi’ (A Discussion of the System of International Norms in the Twentieth Century), Guoji luntan (International Forum), no. 6, 2000, pp. 8–10.
Carlson, ‘China’s Approach to Sovereignty and Intervention’, pp. 217-241. See also his book, Unifying China….
UN doc., S/PV.5261, 14 September 2005.
UN doc., S/PV.5225, 12 July 2005.
Jing-Dong Yuan, ‘Multilateral Intervention and State Sovereignty: Chinese Views on UN Peacekeeping Operations’, Political Science, vol. 49, no. 2, 1998, pp. 275–95.
John Hill, ‘China Bolsters Peacekeeping Commitment’, Jane’s Defence Weekly, 14 February 2007.
Zhongying Pang, ‘China’s Changing Attitude to UN Peacekeeping’, International Peacekeeping, vol. 12, no. 1, 2005, pp. 87–104.
Philip Rogers, ‘China and UN Peacekeeping Operations in Africa’, Naval War College Review, vol. 60, no. 2, 2007, p. 89.
Pang, ‘China’s Changing Attitude to UN Peacekeeping’, pp. 87-104.
Dan Large, ‘China’s Sudan engagement: changing Northern and Southern political trajectories in peace and war’, The China Quarterly, no. 199, September 2009, pp. 610-626; Chin-Hao Huang, ‘US–China Relations and Darfur’, Fordham International Law Journal, vol. 31, no. 4, 2008, pp. 827–42.
Edward Cody, ‘China Given Credit for Darfur Role’, Washington Post, 13 January 2007 (available at www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/12/AR2007011201924.html).
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Over the last two decades, Chinese armed forces have been increasingly exposed to the global norms of UN peacekeeping, not least through expanded participation in international peacekeeping operations. As the largest Security Council permanent member troop contributor, more than four fifths of Chinese troops in UN peacekeeping operations are deployed in Africa. As such, China is increasingly in a position to strengthen peacekeeping operations, contribute to stability, security, and security sector reform in Africa, and expand its regional multilateral military cooperation, all of which raises the prospects for China to become more integrated in the international community and a responsible, and responsive, major power. Given these important developments and their implications for the future of peacekeeping in Africa, this paper seeks to: identify the key determinants that undergird China’s evolving foreign policy approach toward peacekeeping principles and praxis in Africa; ascertain the degree and trace the process in which increasing interactions between China, the African Union, and the broader international community have led Chinese policy elites to consider greater flexibility in their views toward sovereignty and the changing nature of peacekeeping; assess how a rising China may exert its influence through its expanding role in peacekeeping; and analyze the strategic implications of these security developments for Africa.
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 425 | 87 | 8 |
Full Text Views | 211 | 11 | 0 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 173 | 10 | 0 |