Do you want to stay informed about this journal? Click the buttons to subscribe to our alerts.
This article examines how the Persian prison poem (habsiyāt) incorporated Islamic legal norms for governing non-Muslim peoples into its poetics. By tracing how Khāqāni of Shirvān (d. 1199) brought the aesthetics of incarceration to bear on Islamic legal regulations pertaining to non-Muslim communities (ahl al-zemma), I offer a new perspective on the politics of poetry in Persian culture. As I delineate the intertextual references to legal stipulations (shorut) pertaining to non-Muslims that suffuse Khāqāni’s Christian qasida, I demonstrate how the Persian poetics of incarceration coalesced into a powerful internal critique of Islamic law.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
Ābād M. Ḥabsiya-sarāyi dar adab-e ʿarabi 2001 Mashhad
Adorno T. Eagleton T. & Milne D. “Commitment,” Marxist Literary Theory: A Reader 1996 Cambridge, Mass.
Ahsan M. M. Social Life under the Abbasids 1979 London
Akimushkina E. Zhanr Habsiyyat i persoiazychnyi poezi XI-XIV vv 2006 Moscow
Alikberov Ėpokha klassicheskogo islama na Kavkaze 2003 Moscow
Anusha H. Dānishnāma-ye adab-i fārsi 2003/1382 vol. 5 Tehran
Ashurbeli S. Gosudarstvo shirvanshakhov VI-XVI vv. 1983 Baku
Bākikhānuf ʿAbbāsqoli Āqā Karimi M. Golestān-e eram 2003 Tehran Bākikhānuf’s source is Tazkerat al-Shoʿarāʾ, ed. E. G. Brown, Leiden, 1901, pp. 77-83
Barziin Mehr ʿAbd al-Ghani Habsiya-sarāyi dar adab-e dari: zendāniyān-e sokhanvar 2007 Peshawar
Bausani A. Boyle J. A. “Religion in the Saljuq Period,” The Cambridge History of Iran 1968 vol. 5 Cambridge 283 302
Beylaqāni Mojir al-Din Abadi M. Divān-e Mojir al-Din Beylaqāni 1979/1358 Tabriz
Beelaert A. L. F. A. A Cure for the Grieving: Studies on the Poetry of the 12th Century Persian Court Poet Khāqāni Širwāni 1996 Leiden
Cohen M. “What Was the Pact of Umar? A Literary-Historical Study,” Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 1999 23 100 157
Constable O. R. Margariti R. E. , Sabra A. & Sijpesteijn P. “Ringing Bells in Ḥafṣid Tunis: Religious Concessions to Christian Fundacos in the Later Thirteen Century,” Histories of the Middle East: Studies in Middle Eastern Society, Economy and Law in Honor of A. L. Udovitch 2010 Leiden 53 72
Davidson O. Gruendler B. & Marlow L. “Genre and Occasion in the Rubāʿīyyāt of ʿUmar Khayyām: The Rubāʿī, Literary History, and Courtly Literature,” Writers and Rulers: Perspectives on Their Relationships from Abbasid to Safavid Times 2004 Wiesbaden 133 147
Dowlatshāh Samarqandi Browne E. G. Tazkerat al-Shoʿarā 1901 London
Dozy R. P. A. Dictionnairre détaillé des noms des vêtements chez les Arabes 1845 Amsterdam
Ebn ʿAsāker al-ʿAmrawi M.-D. ʿO. b. Gh. Taʾrikh madinat Demashq 1995 Beirut
Ebn al-Athir Tadmuri ʿOmar ʿA.-S. al-Kāmel fiʾl-taʾrikh 1997 Beirut
Ebn Khordādbeh Barbier de Meynard C. al-Masālek vaʾl-mamālek 1865 Paris
Ebn al-Morajjā Livne-Kafri O. Fazāʾel Beyt al-maqdes vaʾl-khalil va fazāʾel al-Shām 1995 Shfarʿam
Ebn Qayyem al-Jawziya Ahkām ahl al-zemma 1961 Damascus
Fattal Antoine Le statut légal des non-musulmans en pays d’Islam 1955 Beirut
al-Ghazāli Khismatulin A. A. Kimiyā-ye saʿādat 2001 St. Petersburg as Klassicheskoe sufiiskoe sochinenie “Kimiia-ii saʿādat” (“Ėliksir schastʹia”) Abū Khāmida Mukhammada al-Ghazālī at-Tūsī (1058-1111)
Gould R. “Prisons before Modernity: Incarceration in the Medieval Indo-Mediterranean,” al-Masaq: Islam and the Medieval Mediterranean 2012 24 2 179 97
Gould R. “The Political Aesthetic of the Medieval Persian Prison Poem, 1100-1200” 2013 Columbia University unpub. Ph.D. diss.
Gould R. “The Political Cosmology of Prison Poetics: Khāqānī of Shirvān on Muslim-Christian Difference,” Literature Compass 2014 8 12 469 515
Gould R. “The Geographies of ʿAjam: The Circulation of Persian Poetry from South Asia to the Caucasus,” The Medieval History Journal 2015a 18 1 87 119
Gould R. “The Much-Maligned Panegyric: Towards a Political Poetics of Pre-modern Literary Form,” Comparative Literature Studies 2015b 52 2 254 288
Gould R. “The Persian Translation of Arabic Aesthetics: Rādūyānī’s Rhetorical Renaissance,” Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric forthcoming
Hardy P. Kitagawa J. M. “Islam in South Asia,” The Religious Traditions of Asia 1989 London
Minorsky V. Hodud al-ʿālam men al-mashreq elaʾl-maghreb 1937 London as The Regions of the World: A Persian Geography, 372 ah-982 ad
Jameson F. The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act 1982 Ithaca
Kalim Hamdāni (Kāshāni) Qahramān M. Divān-e Abu Tāleb Kalim Hamdāni 1990 Mashhad
Kändli Gh. “Vā bastagi-ye Khāqāni ba Ganja,” Nashriya-ye Dāneshkada-ye Adabiyāt-e Tabriz 1969 21 319 344 and 22 (1970), pp. 42-64
Kazzāzi M. J.-D. Suzan-e ʿIsā: Gozāresh-e chāma-i tarsāyi az Afzal al-Din Badil Khāqāni Shirvāni 1997 Tehran
Kendli-Harischi Gh. [= Kändli] Hesāri M. H. Khāqāni-ye Shirvāni, hayyāt, zamān o mohit-e u 1995 Tehran 239 318
Kemper M. Herrschaft, Recht und Islam in Daghestan: von den Khanaten und Gemeindebünden zum gihad-Staat 2005 Wiesbaden
Khan P. M. “Marvellous Histories: Reading the Shāhnāmah in India,” Indian Economic and Social History Review 2012 49 4 527 556
Khāqāni Shirvāni Sajjādi Z.-D. Divān-e Afzal al-Din Badil 1960 Tehran ed. M. J.-D. Kazzāzi, 2 vols., Tehran, 1997
Khāqāni Shirvāni Qarib Y. Tohfat al-ʿErāqayn 1978 Tehran
Khismatulin A. A. “How to Forge a Book in the Middle Ages,” Journal of Persianate Studies 2008 1 30 66
Khismatulin A. A. “The Art of Medieval Counterfeiting,” Manuscripta Orientalia 2008 14 1 3 29
Lane E. W. An Arabic-English Lexicon, derived from the best and the most copious Eastern sources 1872 London 8 vols.
Linder A. The Jews in Roman Imperial Legislation 1987 Detroit
Linder A. Bonfil R. “The Legal Status of Jews in the Byzantine Empire,” Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures 2012 Leiden 149 218
Lange C. Justice, Punishment and the Medieval Muslim Imagination 2008 Cambridge
Levy-Rubin M. “Shurūṭ ʿUmar and its Alternatives: The Legal Debate on the Status of the Dhimmīs,” Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 2005 30 170 206
Levy-Rubin M. Non-Muslims in the Early Islamic Empire: From Surrender to Coexistence 2011 Cambridge
Madelung W. “The Two Factions of Sunnism,” Religious Trends in Early Islamic Iran 1988 Albany 26 38
Miller F. Falkoff M. “Forms of Suffering in Muslim Prison Poetry,” Poems from Guantánamo: The Detainees Speak 2007 Iowa City 7 16
Minorsky V. “Khāqānī and Andronicus Comnenus,” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 1945 11 3 557 558
Minorsky V. A History of Sharvān and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries 1958 Cambridge
Minorsky V. see Hodud al-ʿālam
Moʿin M. “Khāqāni va āʾin-e masih: masihiyat va nofuz-e ān dar Irān,” Dāneshnāmeh 1947 2 25 41 repr. in idem, Majmuʿa-ye maqālāt, ed. M. Moʿin, 2 vols., Tehran, 1985-1987, vol. 1, pp. 201-216
Bahār M.-T. M.-Sh. Mojmal al-tavārikh 1939/1318 Tehran
Nicetas Choniates Magoulias H. O City of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniates 1984 Detroit
Nezāmi ʿAruzi Qazwini M. Chahār maqāla (= Majmaʿ al-navāder) 1927 Berlin
Pello S. Busch A. & de Bruijn T. “Persian as a Passe-partout: The Case of Mīrzā ʿAbd al-Qādir Bīdil and his Hindu disciplines,” Culture and Circulation: Literatures in Motion in Early Modern India 2014 Leiden
Papoutsakis G.-N. Desert Travel as a Form of Boasting: A Study of Dū r-Rūmma’s Poetry 2009 Wiesbaden
Qazvini Mirzā Mohammad ʿAlizāda J. “Qasida-ye habsiya-ye Khāqāni,” Sāghari dar miyān-e sangestān: Zendagi, andisha va sheʿr-e Khāqāni 1999 Tehran 185 226
Rubin U. “The Kaʿba: Aspects of its Ritual Functions and Position in Pre-Islamic and Early Islamic Times,” Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 1986 8 97 131
Shāfeʿi Mohammad b. Edris Mattraji M. Ketāb al-omm 1993 Beirut 4 vols.
Sharif Abou Shariefeh A.-Q. “The Prison in the Contemporary Arabic Novel,” 1983 University of Michigan unpub. Ph.D. diss.
Sharma S. Persian Poetry at the Indian Frontier: Masʿūd Saʿd Salmān of Lahore 2000 Delhi
Sophocles E. A. Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine Periods (from bc 146 to ad 1100) 1914 New York
Sperl S. & Shackle C. Qasida Poetry in Islamic Asia and Africa 1996 Leiden
Storey C. A. & de Blois F. Persian Literature: A Bio-bibliographical Survey: Poetry of the Pre-Mongol Period 1992 vol. 5 London
Talattof K. Bürgel C. & van Ruymbeke C. “Nizami Ganjavi, the Wordsmith: The Concept of sakhun in Classical Persian Poetry,” A Key to the Treasure of the Hakīm: Artistic and Humanistic Aspects of Nizāmī Ganjavī’s Khamsa 2011 Amsterdam 211 244
al-Tortushi Mohammad b. al-Walid Ketāb serāj al-moluk 1872 Alexandria
Tritton S. The Caliphs and Their Non-Muslim Subjects: A Critical Study of the Covenant of ʿUmar 1930 London/Mumbai
Vazinpur N. Madh, dāgh-e nang bar simā-ye adab-e fārsi 1995 Tehran
Vatvāt Rashid al-Din Eqbāl ʿA. Hadāʾeq al-sehr fi daqāʾeq al-sheʿr 1929 Tehran repr. ed. N. Chalisova, Moscow, 1985
Williams R. “Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural Theory,” New Left Review 1973 82 3 16
Williams R. Marxism and Literature 1977 London
Yusofi M. R. Zendān-nāmahhā-ye Fārsi az qarn-e panjom tā pānzdahom 2012 Qom
Zafari V.-A. Habsiya dar adab-e Fārsi 1985/1364 Tehran
Zarrinkub ʿA.-H. Didār ba kaʿba-ye jān 1999 Tehran
Ziad H. Meri J. “Ghaznavids,” Medieval Islamic Civilization 2006 vol. 1 New York 293 294
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 300 | 51 | 7 |
Full Text Views | 217 | 8 | 1 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 82 | 22 | 3 |
This article examines how the Persian prison poem (habsiyāt) incorporated Islamic legal norms for governing non-Muslim peoples into its poetics. By tracing how Khāqāni of Shirvān (d. 1199) brought the aesthetics of incarceration to bear on Islamic legal regulations pertaining to non-Muslim communities (ahl al-zemma), I offer a new perspective on the politics of poetry in Persian culture. As I delineate the intertextual references to legal stipulations (shorut) pertaining to non-Muslims that suffuse Khāqāni’s Christian qasida, I demonstrate how the Persian poetics of incarceration coalesced into a powerful internal critique of Islamic law.
All Time | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 300 | 51 | 7 |
Full Text Views | 217 | 8 | 1 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 82 | 22 | 3 |