This paper considers the role of foodstuffs and their (non-)consumption in 4 Ezra. While foodstuffs figure prominently in 4 Ezra, no prior research has been conducted on food and 4 Ezra. The paper argues that both the narrative progression of the work and significant parts of 4 Ezra are expressed through foodstuffs.
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See, e.g., Hogan, Theologies, 35-40; also Kerner, Ethik, 175-76, as well as Esler, “Function,” 99-123.
See, in general, Silvia Schroer, “Lebensbaum,” Neues Bibel-Lexicon 2:602-3.
See, e.g., Aune, Revelation 1-5, 153-54. See also 4 Macc. 18:16, quoting Prov 3:18, where the one who does God’s will is compared to a tree of life.
Stone, Ezra, 437. For tradition- and motif-historical considerations, see p. 440; cf. also Hogan, Theologies, 214-17.
Stone, Ezra, 178; for a comparison with the Genesis account see K. William Whitney, Two Strange Beasts: Leviathan and Behemoth in Second Temple and Early Rabbinic Judaism (hsm 63; Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2006), 35-38.
Stone, Ezra, 73. Schreiner, Esra, 374, notes the reference to fruits of the Law in 2 Bar. 32:1
See the discussion by Stone, Ezra, 73, 123, 198-99, 259, 266, 286. This connection seems to be primary for 4 Ezra, but see also the broader overview provided by Veronika Bachmann, “Rooted in Paradise? The Meaning of the ‘Tree of Life’ in 1 Enoch 24-25 Reconsidered,” jsp 19 (2009): 83-107, which may be applicable to 4 Ezra as well.
Stone, Ezra, 163. Schreiner, Esra, 337, notes that the “truth” that is referred to here is probably synonymous with the Law.
See Stone, Ezra, 266. See also Shannon Burkes, “ ‘Life’ Redefined: Wisdom and Law in Fourth Ezra and Second Baruch,” cbq 63 (2001): 55-71 (esp. 59-61), who argues that the new understanding that Ezra receives is an indication for a renewed giving of the Law, so that Israel may keep it and live.
Whitney, Beasts, 33. In fact, the remark about Leviathan and Behemoth is, as Whitney rightly notes, an expansion of the note in Gen 1:21 about the creation of the “sea monsters.” See ibid., 34.
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This paper considers the role of foodstuffs and their (non-)consumption in 4 Ezra. While foodstuffs figure prominently in 4 Ezra, no prior research has been conducted on food and 4 Ezra. The paper argues that both the narrative progression of the work and significant parts of 4 Ezra are expressed through foodstuffs.
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 243 | 34 | 5 |
Full Text Views | 181 | 2 | 0 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 62 | 6 | 0 |