Suetonius, Aug. 48. See classically G. W. Bowersock, Augustus and the Greek World (Oxford: Clarendon, 1965), 42, who emphasises the fact that Augustus inherited important arrangements made by both Pompey and Marc Antony.

Suetonius, Aug. 48. See classically G. W. Bowersock, Augustus and the Greek World (Oxford: Clarendon, 1965), 42, who emphasises the fact that Augustus inherited important arrangements made by both Pompey and Marc Antony.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

For the Herods, see now Julia Wilker, Für Rom und Jerusalem: die herodianische Dynastie im 1. Jahrhundert n. Chr. (Frankfurt am Main: Verlag Antike, 2007); N. Kokkinos, The Herodian Dynasty: Origins, Role in Society and Eclipse (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1998). For Commagene, see R. D. Sullivan, “The Dynasty of Commagene,” anrw 2.8:763-75.

For the Herods, see now Julia Wilker, Für Rom und Jerusalem: die herodianische Dynastie im 1. Jahrhundert n. Chr. (Frankfurt am Main: Verlag Antike, 2007); N. Kokkinos, The Herodian Dynasty: Origins, Role in Society and Eclipse (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1998). For Commagene, see R. D. Sullivan, “The Dynasty of Commagene,” anrw 2.8:763-75.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

D. C. Braund, “Royal Wills and Rome,” Papers of the British School at Rome 51 (1983): 16-57, at 38.

D. C. Braund, “Royal Wills and Rome,” Papers of the British School at Rome 51 (1983): 16-57, at 38.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mireille Hadas-Lebel, “L’éducation des princes hérodiens à Rome et l’évolution du cliéntelisme romain,” in Jews and Gentiles in the Holy Land in the Days of the Second Temple, the Mishnah and the Talmud (ed. M. Mor et al.; Jerusalem: Ben-Zvi, 2003): 44-62 at 54. She draws attention to Tacitus, Ann. 3.34 where the travels of Livia east and west with Augustus are recalled. The empress is likely to have met Herodians on these journeys.

Mireille Hadas-Lebel, “L’éducation des princes hérodiens à Rome et l’évolution du cliéntelisme romain,” in Jews and Gentiles in the Holy Land in the Days of the Second Temple, the Mishnah and the Talmud (ed. M. Mor et al.; Jerusalem: Ben-Zvi, 2003): 44-62 at 54. She draws attention to Tacitus, Ann. 3.34 where the travels of Livia east and west with Augustus are recalled. The empress is likely to have met Herodians on these journeys.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Well summarized in Richardson, Herod, 33-36. For legacies to the emperor generally, see Fergus Millar, The Emperor in the Roman World (London: Duckworth, 1977), 153-58, 297 and Braund, “Royal Wills.”

Well summarized in Richardson, Herod, 33-36. For legacies to the emperor generally, see Fergus Millar, The Emperor in the Roman World (London: Duckworth, 1977), 153-58, 297 and Braund, “Royal Wills.”)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

See, e.g., Shaw, “Tyrants, Bandits and Kings,” 186.

See, e.g., Shaw, “Tyrants, Bandits and Kings,” 186.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

See Wilker, Für Rom und Jerusalem, 131-43; Goodman, Rome and Jerusalem, 87-88 on Agrippa’s “firm and unselfish resolve”; Schürer, History of the Jewish People, 1:394-98 on Gaius’ “childish demand”; Schwartz, Agrippa i, 77-88; Smallwood, Jews under Roman Rule, 174-80.

See Wilker, Für Rom und Jerusalem, 131-43; Goodman, Rome and Jerusalem, 87-88 on Agrippa’s “firm and unselfish resolve”; Schürer, History of the Jewish People, 1:394-98 on Gaius’ “childish demand”; Schwartz, Agrippa i, 77-88; Smallwood, Jews under Roman Rule, 174-80.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Stewart Perowne, The Later Herods: the Political Background of the New Testament (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1958), 72 one of the few who attempted formally to reconcile them: Agrippa’s letter (Philo) preceded the lavish meal (Josephus).

Stewart Perowne, The Later Herods: the Political Background of the New Testament (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1958), 72 one of the few who attempted formally to reconcile them: Agrippa’s letter (Philo) preceded the lavish meal (Josephus).)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Y. Meshorer, A Treasury of Jewish Coins from the Persian Period to Bar Kokhba (Jerusalem: Ben-Zvi, 2001), 94-95 no. 117. The portrait of Caesonia has no parallel in the city of Rome.

Y. Meshorer, A Treasury of Jewish Coins from the Persian Period to Bar Kokhba (Jerusalem: Ben-Zvi, 2001), 94-95 no. 117. The portrait of Caesonia has no parallel in the city of Rome.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Julia Wilker, “Das persönliche Nahverhältnis zwischen Princeps und Klientelherrschern und seine Auswirkungen im frühen Prinzipat,” in Freundschaft und Gefolgschaft in der auswärtigen Beziehungen der Römer 2. Jahrhundert v. Chr.-1. Jahrhundert n. Chr. (ed. A. Coşkun; Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2008), 165-85 at 170-71 is unusual in acknowledging the plausibility of the role of Agrippa despite the conflicting testimony of Josephus; ignored by Smallwood, Jews under Roman Rule and Wilker, Für Rom und Jerusalem. See Schwartz, Agrippa i, 90-91, with the suggestion that a pro-Agrippan biography has contaminated Josephus’ account. Agrippa’s role however was some way short of leading a “squad of Praetorians” to the imperial palace as in Goodman, Rome and Jerusalem, 89. Osgood, Claudius Caesar, 76 states only that “in keeping with his perspective, Josephus probably inflates the episode.”

Julia Wilker, “Das persönliche Nahverhältnis zwischen Princeps und Klientelherrschern und seine Auswirkungen im frühen Prinzipat,” in Freundschaft und Gefolgschaft in der auswärtigen Beziehungen der Römer 2. Jahrhundert v. Chr.-1. Jahrhundert n. Chr. (ed. A. Coşkun; Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2008), 165-85 at 170-71 is unusual in acknowledging the plausibility of the role of Agrippa despite the conflicting testimony of Josephus; ignored by Smallwood, Jews under Roman Rule and Wilker, Für Rom und Jerusalem. See Schwartz, Agrippa i, 90-91, with the suggestion that a pro-Agrippan biography has contaminated Josephus’ account. Agrippa’s role however was some way short of leading a “squad of Praetorians” to the imperial palace as in Goodman, Rome and Jerusalem, 89. Osgood, Claudius Caesar, 76 states only that “in keeping with his perspective, Josephus probably inflates the episode.”)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Braund, Friendly King, 25. Agrippa commemorated the ceremony on his coinage: Burnett, “The Coinage of King Agrippa,” 32-35 no. 8; Meshorer, Ancient Jewish Coinage, 2:123 nos. 10-10a; C. M. Kraay. “Jewish Friends and Allies of Rome,” The American Numismatic Society Museum Notes 25 (1980): 53-56.

Braund, Friendly King, 25. Agrippa commemorated the ceremony on his coinage: Burnett, “The Coinage of King Agrippa,” 32-35 no. 8; Meshorer, Ancient Jewish Coinage, 2:123 nos. 10-10a; C. M. Kraay. “Jewish Friends and Allies of Rome,” The American Numismatic Society Museum Notes 25 (1980): 53-56.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

A. Momigliano, Claudius: The Emperor and His Achievement (Cambridge: Heffer, 1961), 62-63; 112-13 with n. 44. Schwartz, Agrippa i, 66 for Judaea in “cold storage” until Agrippa could succeed.

A. Momigliano, Claudius: The Emperor and His Achievement (Cambridge: Heffer, 1961), 62-63; 112-13 with n. 44. Schwartz, Agrippa i, 66 for Judaea in “cold storage” until Agrippa could succeed.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Andrew Harker, Loyalty and Dissidence in Roman Egypt: The Case of the Acta Alexandrinorum (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 45.

Andrew Harker, Loyalty and Dissidence in Roman Egypt: The Case of the Acta Alexandrinorum (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 45.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Braund, Friendly King, 55-56.

Braund, Friendly King, 55-56.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Y. Meshorer, Jewish Coins of the Second Temple Period (Tel Aviv: Am Hasefer, 1967), nos. 87, 89-93b. See Wilker, Für Rom und Jerusalem, 164.

Y. Meshorer, Jewish Coins of the Second Temple Period (Tel Aviv: Am Hasefer, 1967), nos. 87, 89-93b. See Wilker, Für Rom und Jerusalem, 164.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Maurice Sartre, The Middle East under Rome (trans. Catherine Porter and Elizabeth Rawlings; Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005), 98.

Maurice Sartre, The Middle East under Rome (trans. Catherine Porter and Elizabeth Rawlings; Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005), 98.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

See especially Goodman, Rome and Jerusalem, 82-83; Wilker, Für Rom und Jerusalem, 152.

See especially Goodman, Rome and Jerusalem, 82-83; Wilker, Für Rom und Jerusalem, 152.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Jacob Neusner, “Paradigmatic versus Historical Thinking: The Case of Rabbinic Judaism,” History and Theory 36 (1997): 353-57. On the challenges of rabbinic literature for historical enquiry, see also the measured discussion of Schwartz, Agrippa i, 158-59; Wilker, Für Rom und Jerusalem, 153 n. 358, 464-68.

Jacob Neusner, “Paradigmatic versus Historical Thinking: The Case of Rabbinic Judaism,” History and Theory 36 (1997): 353-57. On the challenges of rabbinic literature for historical enquiry, see also the measured discussion of Schwartz, Agrippa i, 158-59; Wilker, Für Rom und Jerusalem, 153 n. 358, 464-68.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

See Wilker, Für Rom und Jerusalem, 156-57.

See Wilker, Für Rom und Jerusalem, 156-57.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Contra Goodman, Rome and Jerusalem, 82.

Contra Goodman, Rome and Jerusalem, 82.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

See Wilker, Für Rom und Jerusalem, 227, 312-16.

See Wilker, Für Rom und Jerusalem, 227, 312-16.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Tacitus, Hist. 2.81 (Moore, lcl).

Tacitus, Hist. 2.81 (Moore, lcl).)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Suetonius, Tit. 2. See Beryl Rawson, Children and Childhood in Roman Italy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), 246.

Suetonius, Tit. 2. See Beryl Rawson, Children and Childhood in Roman Italy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), 246.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

See Goodman, Rome and Jerusalem, 91. Tessa Rajak, “The Herodian Narratives of Josephus,” in The World of the Herods (ed. N. Kokkinos; Oriens et Occidens 14; Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2007), 23-34, at 30 on Herod: “Paradoxically, Herod, a king who purported to be Jewish, and was seen as such by the Roman elite, brought the empire to Judaea, and Judaea to the Emperor’s attention, with far greater assiduity than ever direct rule under prefects or procurators did.”

See Goodman, Rome and Jerusalem, 91. Tessa Rajak, “The Herodian Narratives of Josephus,” in The World of the Herods (ed. N. Kokkinos; Oriens et Occidens 14; Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2007), 23-34, at 30 on Herod: “Paradoxically, Herod, a king who purported to be Jewish, and was seen as such by the Roman elite, brought the empire to Judaea, and Judaea to the Emperor’s attention, with far greater assiduity than ever direct rule under prefects or procurators did.”)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation