Edward F. Campbell, “Jewish Shrines of the Hellenistic and Persian Periods,” in Symposia Celebrating the Seventy-Fifth Anniversary of the Founding of the American Schools of Oriental Research (1900-1975), ed. Frank Moore Cross, Zion Research Foundation Occasional Publications 1-2 (Cambridge, ma: American Schools of Oriental Research, 1979), 159-67, esp. 162.

Edward F. Campbell, “Jewish Shrines of the Hellenistic and Persian Periods,” in Symposia Celebrating the Seventy-Fifth Anniversary of the Founding of the American Schools of Oriental Research (1900-1975), ed. Frank Moore Cross, Zion Research Foundation Occasional Publications 1-2 (Cambridge, ma: American Schools of Oriental Research, 1979), 159-67, esp. 162.)| false
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Frank Moore Cross, “The Priestly Tabernacle in the Light of Recent Research,” in Temples and High Places in Biblical Times : Proceedings of the Colloquium in Honor of the Centennial of Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, Jerusalem, 14-16 March 1977, ed. Abraham Biran (Jerusalem: Nelson Glueck School of Biblical Archaeology of Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion, 1981), 169-80, esp. 178.

Frank Moore Cross, “The Priestly Tabernacle in the Light of Recent Research,” in Temples and High Places in Biblical Times: Proceedings of the Colloquium in Honor of the Centennial of Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, Jerusalem, 14-16 March 1977, ed. Abraham Biran (Jerusalem: Nelson Glueck School of Biblical Archaeology of Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion, 1981), 169-80, esp. 178.)| false
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See also Ferdinand Dexinger, “Limits of Tolerance in Judaism: The Samaritan Example,” in Jewish and Christian Self-Definition. Vol. 2: Aspects of Judaism in the Graeco-Roman Period, ed. E. P. Sanders, A. I. Baumgarten, and Alan Mendelson (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1981), 88-114, esp. 92.

See also Ferdinand Dexinger, “Limits of Tolerance in Judaism: The Samaritan Example,” in Jewish and Christian Self-Definition. Vol. 2: Aspects of Judaism in the Graeco-Roman Period, ed. E. P. Sanders, A. I. Baumgarten, and Alan Mendelson (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1981), 88-114, esp. 92.)| false
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Étienne Nodet, “Israelites, Samaritans, Temples, Jews,” in Samaria, Samarians, Samaritans: Studies on Bible, History and Linguistics, ed. József Zsengellér, sj 66, Studia Samaritana 6 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2011), 121-71, esp. 122. See also Étienne Nodet, Samaritains, Juifs, Temples, CahRB 74 (Paris: Gabalda, 2010), 9: “Il y avait certainement un ou plusieurs autels, mais pas de cella.”

Étienne Nodet, “Israelites, Samaritans, Temples, Jews,” in Samaria, Samarians, Samaritans: Studies on Bible, History and Linguistics, ed. József Zsengellér, sj 66, Studia Samaritana 6 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2011), 121-71, esp. 122. See also Étienne Nodet, Samaritains, Juifs, Temples, CahRB 74 (Paris: Gabalda, 2010), 9: “Il y avait certainement un ou plusieurs autels, mais pas de cella.”)| false
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Nodet, “Israelites, Samaritans, Temples, Jews,” 123; Nodet, Samaritains, Juifs, Temples, 10.

Nodet, “Israelites, Samaritans, Temples, Jews,” 123; Nodet, Samaritains, Juifs, Temples, 10.)| false
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Jürgen Zangenberg, “The Sanctuary on Mount Gerizim: Observations on the Results of 20 Years of Excavation,” in Temple Building and Temple Cult: Architecture and Cultic Paraphernalia of Temples in the Levant (2.-1. Mill. b.c.e.): Proceedings of a Conference on the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the Institute of Biblical Archaeology at the University of Tübingen (28-30 May 2010), ed. Jens Kamlah and Henrike Michelau, adpv 41 (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2012), 399-418, at 409.

Jürgen Zangenberg, “The Sanctuary on Mount Gerizim: Observations on the Results of 20 Years of Excavation,” in Temple Building and Temple Cult: Architecture and Cultic Paraphernalia of Temples in the Levant (2.-1. Mill. b.c.e.): Proceedings of a Conference on the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the Institute of Biblical Archaeology at the University of Tübingen (28-30 May 2010), ed. Jens Kamlah and Henrike Michelau, adpv 41 (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2012), 399-418, at 409.)| false
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Zangenberg, “Sanctuary on Mount Gerizim,” 411.

Zangenberg, “Sanctuary on Mount Gerizim,” 411.)| false
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Ibid., 407.

Zangenberg, “Garizim – ‘Berg des Segens’,” 31.

Zangenberg, “Garizim – ‘Berg des Segens’,” 31.)| false
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Zangenberg, “Sanctuary on Mount Gerizim,” 409. In Samaritan tradition, the twelve stones are the large stones that Moses commanded the Israelites to set up on Mt. Gerizim (Deut 27:4 sp, although the numbers twelve is derived from Josh. 4:3). On Magen’s interpretation see Magen, Mount Gerizim Excavations, Volume ii, passim.

Zangenberg, “Sanctuary on Mount Gerizim,” 409. In Samaritan tradition, the twelve stones are the large stones that Moses commanded the Israelites to set up on Mt. Gerizim (Deut 27:4 sp, although the numbers twelve is derived from Josh. 4:3). On Magen’s interpretation see Magen, Mount Gerizim Excavations, Volume ii, passim.)| false
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Jürgen Zangenberg, “Between Jerusalem and the Galilee: Samaria in the Time of Jesus,” in Jesus and Archaeology, ed. James H. Charlesworth (Grand Rapids, mi: Eerdmans, 2006), 393-432, at 425; see also Zangenberg, “Garizim – ‘Berg des Segens,” 33, and Zangenberg, Frühes Christentum in Samarien: Topographische und traditionsgeschichtliche Studien zu den Samarientexten im Johannesevangelium, Texte und Arbeiten zum neutestamentlichen Zeitalter 27 (Tübingen: Francke, 1998), 40. Joe D. Seger, “Shechem,” oeane 5:23 also believes that the temple on Tel er-Ras was constructed by the refugees from Alexander’s expulsion of the citizens of the city of Samaria in 331 bce who resettled in Shechem, but he thinks this was the Samaritan temple, stating: the refugees “built their temple on top of the mountain, at Tell er-Ras, thus entering into a rivalry with the Jewish orthodoxy in Jerusalem.”

Jürgen Zangenberg, “Between Jerusalem and the Galilee: Samaria in the Time of Jesus,” in Jesus and Archaeology, ed. James H. Charlesworth (Grand Rapids, mi: Eerdmans, 2006), 393-432, at 425; see also Zangenberg, “Garizim – ‘Berg des Segens,” 33, and Zangenberg, Frühes Christentum in Samarien: Topographische und traditionsgeschichtliche Studien zu den Samarientexten im Johannesevangelium, Texte und Arbeiten zum neutestamentlichen Zeitalter 27 (Tübingen: Francke, 1998), 40. Joe D. Seger, “Shechem,” oeane 5:23 also believes that the temple on Tel er-Ras was constructed by the refugees from Alexander’s expulsion of the citizens of the city of Samaria in 331 bce who resettled in Shechem, but he thinks this was the Samaritan temple, stating: the refugees “built their temple on top of the mountain, at Tell er-Ras, thus entering into a rivalry with the Jewish orthodoxy in Jerusalem.”)| false
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Bezalel Porten and Ada Yardeni, Textbook of Aramaic Documents from Ancient Egypt, Vol. 1: Letters (Jerusalem: The Hebrew University, 1986), text A4.9. On the Elephantine texts see also below.

Bezalel Porten and Ada Yardeni, Textbook of Aramaic Documents from Ancient Egypt, Vol. 1: Letters (Jerusalem: The Hebrew University, 1986), text A4.9. On the Elephantine texts see also below.)| false
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See Becking, “Do the Earliest Samaritan Inscriptions?” 218.

See Becking, “Do the Earliest Samaritan Inscriptions?” 218.)| false
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This was pointed out by Zangenberg, “Sanctuary on Mount Gerizim,” 412. See also Nodet, “Israelites, Samaritans, Temples, Jews,” 123-24.

This was pointed out by Zangenberg, “Sanctuary on Mount Gerizim,” 412. See also Nodet, “Israelites, Samaritans, Temples, Jews,” 123-24.)| false
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So Knoppers, Jews and Samaritans, 128.

So Knoppers, Jews and Samaritans, 128.)| false
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For the following see Reinhard Pummer, “The Mosaic Tabernacle as the Only Legitimate Sanctuary: The Biblical Tabernacle in Samaritansim,” in The Temple of Jerusalem: From Moses to the Messiah: Studies in Honor of Professor Louis H. Feldman, ed. Steven Fine, brla 29 (Leiden: Brill, 2011), 126-30.

For the following see Reinhard Pummer, “The Mosaic Tabernacle as the Only Legitimate Sanctuary: The Biblical Tabernacle in Samaritansim,” in The Temple of Jerusalem: From Moses to the Messiah: Studies in Honor of Professor Louis H. Feldman, ed. Steven Fine, brla 29 (Leiden: Brill, 2011), 126-30.)| false
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Ibid., 65.

Moshe Florentin, The Tulida: A Samaritan Chronicle: Text, Translation, Commentary (Jerusalem: Yad Yitzchak Ben Zvi; The Rabbi David Moshe and Amalia Rosen Foundation, 1999) 79 (7a, line 50) [Hebrew].

Moshe Florentin, The Tulida: A Samaritan Chronicle: Text, Translation, Commentary (Jerusalem: Yad Yitzchak Ben Zvi; The Rabbi David Moshe and Amalia Rosen Foundation, 1999) 79 (7a, line 50) [Hebrew].)| false
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Stenhouse, Kitāb al-Tarīkh, 40.

Stenhouse, Kitāb al-Tarīkh, 40.)| false
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Ibid., 46.

Stenhouse, Kitāb al-Tarīkh, 76.

Stenhouse, Kitāb al-Tarīkh, 76.)| false
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Ibid., 183.

Ibid., 56.

Ibid., 94-95. The measurements are half of those of the bronze altar in Solomon’s temple according to 2 Chr 4:1.

Stenhouse, Kitāb al-Tarīkh, 106.

Stenhouse, Kitāb al-Tarīkh, 106.)| false
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Ibid., 107.

For the references see Pummer, “Mosaic Tabernacle,” 128-29.

For the references see Pummer, “Mosaic Tabernacle,” 128-29.)| false
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Baillet, “Samaritains,” 847-948.

Baillet, “Samaritains,” 847-948.)| false
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See already Martin Noth, Geschichte Israels (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1966), 319 n. 1: “Den Kolonisten in Elephantine scheint dieser Gegensatz [between Samaria and Jerusalem] verborgen geblieben zu sein.” If one follows Dušek’s theory that the temple was built in the reign of Darius ii (424-405 bce) in the years between 424 and 407 bce, the Jews of Elephantine, writing between 410 and 407 bce, would not have known of its existence; see Jan Dušek, Les manuscrits araméens du Wadi Daliyeh et la Samarie vers 450-332 av. J.-C., chane 30 (Leiden: Brill, 2007), 547.

See already Martin Noth, Geschichte Israels (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1966), 319 n. 1: “Den Kolonisten in Elephantine scheint dieser Gegensatz [between Samaria and Jerusalem] verborgen geblieben zu sein.” If one follows Dušek’s theory that the temple was built in the reign of Darius ii (424-405 bce) in the years between 424 and 407 bce, the Jews of Elephantine, writing between 410 and 407 bce, would not have known of its existence; see Jan Dušek, Les manuscrits araméens du Wadi Daliyeh et la Samarie vers 450-332 av. J.-C., chane 30 (Leiden: Brill, 2007), 547.)| false
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As Howard Jacobson, “Theodotus ‘On the Jews’,” in Outside the Bible: Ancient Jewish Writings Related to Scripture, (ed. Louis H. Feldman, James L. Kugel, and Lawrence H. Schiffman; Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society, 2013), 721, notes with regard to Theodotus calling Shechem a “holy city,” “there is no reason to think that a Jew could not have called Shechem a ‘holy city’ if that is what Samaritans called it. How often we hear a Christian saying ‘the holy city of Mecca’ in spite of the fact that, for the speaker, the city is not necessarily holy.”

As Howard Jacobson, “Theodotus ‘On the Jews’,” in Outside the Bible: Ancient Jewish Writings Related to Scripture, (ed. Louis H. Feldman, James L. Kugel, and Lawrence H. Schiffman; Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society, 2013), 721, notes with regard to Theodotus calling Shechem a “holy city,” “there is no reason to think that a Jew could not have called Shechem a ‘holy city’ if that is what Samaritans called it. How often we hear a Christian saying ‘the holy city of Mecca’ in spite of the fact that, for the speaker, the city is not necessarily holy.”)| false
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Reinhard Pummer, “Samaritan Material Remains and Archaeology,” in The Samaritans, ed. Alan D. Crown (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1989), 173 n. 211.

Reinhard Pummer, “Samaritan Material Remains and Archaeology,” in The Samaritans, ed. Alan D. Crown (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1989), 173 n. 211.)| false
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For a discussion see Pummer, The Samaritans in Flavius Josephus, 19-20.

For a discussion see Pummer, The Samaritans in Flavius Josephus, 19-20.)| false
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So already Kippenberg, Garizim, 106.

So already Kippenberg, Garizim, 106.)| false
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See Yitzhak Magen, “The Cave of Machpelah in the Second Temple Period,” in Judea and Samaria Researches and Discoveries, ed. Yitzhak Magen, Judea and Samaria Publications 6 (Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority, 2008), 59-94.

See Yitzhak Magen, “The Cave of Machpelah in the Second Temple Period,” in Judea and Samaria Researches and Discoveries, ed. Yitzhak Magen, Judea and Samaria Publications 6 (Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority, 2008), 59-94.)| false
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Ibid., 67. Achim Lichtenberger, Die Baupolitik Herodes des Großen, adpv 26 (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1999), 143 doubts that the two buildings served as stylistic models for the Jerusalem temple.

Magen, “Cave of Machpelah,” 74. There may have been a gate that is presently covered by construction (p. 71). Lichtenberger, on the other hand, thinks it is conceivable that Herod “sowohl Hebron wie auch Mamre als jüdische Wallfahrtsorte ausbaute”; see Lichtenberger, Baupolitik Herodes, 148-49.

Magen, “Cave of Machpelah,” 74. There may have been a gate that is presently covered by construction (p. 71). Lichtenberger, on the other hand, thinks it is conceivable that Herod “sowohl Hebron wie auch Mamre als jüdische Wallfahrtsorte ausbaute”; see Lichtenberger, Baupolitik Herodes, 148-49.)| false
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Magen, “Cave of Machpelah,” 89.

Magen, “Cave of Machpelah,” 89.)| false
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See Yitzhak Magen, “Elonei Mamre: A Cultic Site from the Reign of Herod,” in Judea and Samaria Researches and Discoveries, ed. Magen, Judea and Samaria Publications 6 (Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority, 2008), 95-114.

See Yitzhak Magen, “Elonei Mamre: A Cultic Site from the Reign of Herod,” in Judea and Samaria Researches and Discoveries, ed. Magen, Judea and Samaria Publications 6 (Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority, 2008), 95-114.)| false
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Ibid., 113.