For a detailed description, see Kraeling, The Synagogue, 169-78. See further Erwin R. Goodenough, Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period, 13 vols. (New York: Pantheon, 1956-1968), 9:197-226 (the figures for this paper are taken from Goodenough’s volume 11, figs. 336 and 338); Kurt Weitzmann and Herbert L. Kessler, The Frescoes of the Dura Synagogue and Christian Art (Washington: Dumbarton Oaks, 1990), 26-34.

For a detailed description, see Kraeling, The Synagogue, 169-78. See further Erwin R. Goodenough, Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period, 13 vols. (New York: Pantheon, 1956-1968), 9:197-226 (the figures for this paper are taken from Goodenough’s volume 11, figs. 336 and 338); Kurt Weitzmann and Herbert L. Kessler, The Frescoes of the Dura Synagogue and Christian Art (Washington: Dumbarton Oaks, 1990), 26-34.)| false
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Goodenough, Jewish Symbols, 9:200-203.

Goodenough, Jewish Symbols, 9:200-203.)| false
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See, e.g., Mary Boyce, “Anāhīd,” Encyclopaedia Iranica 1 (1983): 1003-9; William W. Malandra,An Introduction to Ancient Iranian Religion (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983), 117-20; Albert de Jong,Traditions of the Magi: Zoroastrianism in Greek and Latin Literature (Leiden: Brill, 1997), 268-84.

See, e.g., Mary Boyce, “Anāhīd,” Encyclopaedia Iranica 1 (1983): 1003-9; William W. Malandra,An Introduction to Ancient Iranian Religion (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983), 117-20; Albert de Jong,Traditions of the Magi: Zoroastrianism in Greek and Latin Literature (Leiden: Brill, 1997), 268-84.)| false
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Goodenough, Jewish Symbols, 9:203-26.

Goodenough, Jewish Symbols, 9:203-26.)| false
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See, e.g., Susan B. Downey, Terracotta Figurines and Plaques from Dura-Europos (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003); Jennifer A. Baird,The Inner Lives of Ancient Houses: An Archaeology of Dura-Europos (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), 179-80. The Aphrodite from the “House of the Roman Scribe” is published by P. V. C. Baur, “The Fragment of a Painting of Aphrodite,” in The Excavations at Dura-Europos Conducted by Yale University and the French Academy of Inscriptions and Letters. Preliminary Reports: Sixth Season of Work, ed. Michael I. Rostovtzeff et al. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1936), 279-82; pl. xliii.

See, e.g., Susan B. Downey, Terracotta Figurines and Plaques from Dura-Europos (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003); Jennifer A. Baird,The Inner Lives of Ancient Houses: An Archaeology of Dura-Europos (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), 179-80. The Aphrodite from the “House of the Roman Scribe” is published by P. V. C. Baur, “The Fragment of a Painting of Aphrodite,” in The Excavations at Dura-Europos Conducted by Yale University and the French Academy of Inscriptions and Letters. Preliminary Reports: Sixth Season of Work, ed. Michael I. Rostovtzeff et al. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1936), 279-82; pl. xliii.)| false
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Weitzmann and Kessler, The Frescoes, 30; similarly Moon, “Nudity and Narrative,” 596.

Weitzmann and Kessler, The Frescoes, 30; similarly Moon, “Nudity and Narrative,” 596.)| false
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See Kraeling, The Synagogue, 151-64.

See Kraeling, The Synagogue, 151-64.)| false
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Kraeling, The Synagogue, 160; similarly du Mesnil du Buisson, Les peintures, 118.

Kraeling, The Synagogue, 160; similarly du Mesnil du Buisson, Les peintures, 118.)| false
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Cf., e.g., Lucinda Dirven, The Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos: A Study of Religious Interaction in Roman Syria (Leiden: Brill, 1999), esp. 99-127; or H. J. W. Drijvers,Cults and Beliefs at Edessa (Leiden: Brill, 1980).

Cf., e.g., Lucinda Dirven, The Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos: A Study of Religious Interaction in Roman Syria (Leiden: Brill, 1999), esp. 99-127; or H. J. W. Drijvers,Cults and Beliefs at Edessa (Leiden: Brill, 1980).)| false
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Goodenough, Jewish Symbols, 9:179. On the figure of Tyche, see, e.g., the collected papers in Susan B. Matheson, ed., An Obsession with Fortune: Tyche in Greek and Roman Art (New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery, 1994).

Goodenough, Jewish Symbols, 9:179. On the figure of Tyche, see, e.g., the collected papers in Susan B. Matheson, ed., An Obsession with Fortune: Tyche in Greek and Roman Art (New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery, 1994).)| false
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Goodenough, Jewish Symbols, 9:186.

Goodenough, Jewish Symbols, 9:186.)| false
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Cf., e.g., Rostovtzeff, Dura-Europos, 62-69; Nigel Pollard, Soldiers, Cities, and Civilians in Roman Syria (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000), 142-47; Ted Kaizer, “Religion in the Roman East,” in A Companion to Roman Religion, ed. Jörg Rüpke (Malden: Blackwell, 2007), 446-56, esp. 454-55; Kaizer, “Religion and Language in Dura-Europos,” in From Hellenism to Islam: Cultural and Linguistic Change in the Roman Near East, ed. Hannah M. Cotton et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 235-53.

Cf., e.g., Rostovtzeff, Dura-Europos, 62-69; Nigel Pollard, Soldiers, Cities, and Civilians in Roman Syria (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000), 142-47; Ted Kaizer, “Religion in the Roman East,” in A Companion to Roman Religion, ed. Jörg Rüpke (Malden: Blackwell, 2007), 446-56, esp. 454-55; Kaizer, “Religion and Language in Dura-Europos,” in From Hellenism to Islam: Cultural and Linguistic Change in the Roman Near East, ed. Hannah M. Cotton et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 235-53.)| false
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See, e.g., Peter Calmeyer, “Mauerkrone,” Reallexikon der Assyriologie vii/7-8 (1990): 595a-96b.

See, e.g., Peter Calmeyer, “Mauerkrone,” Reallexikon der Assyriologie vii/7-8 (1990): 595a-96b.)| false
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See, e.g., Catalogue of the Cabinet of Coins Belonging to Yale College, Deposited in the College Library (New Haven: Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, 1863), 59-61; Aurelie Daems, “The Iconography of Pre-Islamic Women in Iran,” Iranica Antiqua36 (2001): 1-150.

See, e.g., Catalogue of the Cabinet of Coins Belonging to Yale College, Deposited in the College Library (New Haven: Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, 1863), 59-61; Aurelie Daems, “The Iconography of Pre-Islamic Women in Iran,” Iranica Antiqua36 (2001): 1-150.)| false
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