The present article deals with a strand of ancient Jewish theological notions (in rabbinic literature, Fourth Ezra, and elsewhere) and Pauline ones. In these Jewish passages—sharing similar religious sensitivities and using similar terminology—human works stand vis-à-vis God’s mercy and his benevolence (
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
Alexander, Philip S. “Torah and Salvation in Tannaitic Literature.” In Justification and Variegated Nomism, ed. D.A. Carson et al. 2 vols. (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2001), 1:261–300.
Anderson, Gary A. Sin: A History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009).
Anderson, Gary A. “You Will Have Treasure in Heaven.” In New Approaches to the Study of Biblical Interpretation in Judaism of the Second Temple Period and in Early Christianity, ed. Gary A. Anderson et al. (Leiden: Brill, 2013), 107–132.
Aune, David E. “Recent Readings of Paul Relating to Justification by Faith.” In Rereading Paul Together: Protestant and Catholic Perspectives on Justification, ed. David E. Aune (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2006), 188–245.
Avemarie, Friedrich. Tora und Leben: Untersuchungen zur Heilsbedeutung der Tora in der frühen rabbinischen Literatur (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1996).
Barclay, John M.G. “‘I will have mercy on whom I have mercy’: The Golden Calf and Divine Mercy in Romans 9–11 and Second Temple Judaism.” Early Christianity 1 (2010), 82–106.
Barclay, John M.G. “Constructing a Dialogue: 4 Ezra and Paul on the Mercy of God.” In Anthropologie und Ethik im Frühjudentum und im Neuen Testament, ed. Matthias Konradt and Esther Schläpfer (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2014), 3–22.
Barclay, John M.G. Paul and the Gift (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2015).
Bauckham, Richard J. “Apocalypses.” In Justification and Variegated Nomism, ed. D.A. Carson et al. 2 vols. (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2001), 1:135–187.
Ben-Ḥayyim, Ze’ev, ed. Tibat Marqe: A Collection of Samaritan Midrashim (Jerusalem: Publications of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1988) [Hebrew].
Berger, Klaus. “‘Gnade’ im frühen Christentum.” Nederlands Theologisch Tijdschrift 27 (1973), 1–25.
Berger, Klaus. “χάρις.” In Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. Horst Balz and Gerhard Schneider. 3 vols. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990–1993), 3:457–460.
Bickerman, Elias J. “The Maxim of Antigonus of Sokho.” In Bickerman, Studies in Jewish and Christian History: A New Edition in English. 2 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 2007), 2:543–562.
Billerbeck, Paul, and Hermann L. Strack. Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch. 5 vols. (Munich: Beck, 1922–1928).
Bockmuehl, Markus. A Commentary on the Epistle to the Philippians (London: A. & C. Black, 1997).
Buber, Solomon, ed. Midrash Zuta (Berlin: Mekize Nirdamim, 1894) [Hebrew].
Buber, Solomon, ed. Midrash Tanḥuma (Vilnius: 1885) [Hebrew].
Buber, Solomon, ed. Midrash Psalms (Vilnius: 1891).
Collins, John J. “The Idea of Election in 4 Ezra.” Jewish Studies Quarterly 16 (2009), 83–96.
Collins, John J. The Apocalyptic Imagination, 3rd ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2016).
Colson, Francis H., and George H. Whitaker. Philo in Ten Volumes with an English Translation. 10 vols. (London: Heinemann, 1930)
Conzelmann, Hans. “χάρις.” In Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. Gerhard Kittel and Gerhard Friedrich, trans. Geoffrey W. Bromiley. 10 vols. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964–1976), 9:387–402.
Das, A. Andrew. Paul, the Law, and the Covenant (Peabody: Hendrickson, 2001).
DeSilva, David A. “Grace, Law and Justification in 4 Ezra and the Pauline Letters: A Dialogue.” Journal for the Study of the New Testament 37 (2014), 25–49.
Dunn, James D.G. Romans 1–8 (Dallas: Word, 1988).
Dunn, James D.G. The New Perspective on Paul (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2005).
Epstein, Jacob N., and Ezra Z. Melamed, eds. Mekhilta de-Rabbi Shimʻon bar Yohai (Jerusalem: Mekize Nirdamim, 1955) [Hebrew].
Evans, Craig A. “Paul and ‘Works of Law’ Language in Late Antiquity.” In Paul and His Opponents, ed. Stanley E. Porter (Leiden: Brill, 2005), 201–226.
Eubank, Nathan. “What Does Matthew Say about Divine Recompense? On the Misuse of the Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard.” Journal for the Study of the New Testament 35 (2013), 242–262.
Eubank, Nathan. “Storing Up Treasures with God in the Heavens: Celestial Investments in Matthew 6:1–21.” Catholic Biblical Quarterly 76 (2014), 77–92.
Falk, Daniel. “Prayers and Psalms.” In Justification and Variegated Nomism, ed. D.A. Carson et al. 2 vols. (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2001), 1:7–56.
Flusser, David. “The Dead Sea Scrolls and Pre-Pauline Christianity.” In Flusser, Judaism and the Origins of Christianity (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1988), 23–74. First published in Scripta Hierosolymitana 4 (1958), 215–266.
Flusser, David. “A New Sensitivity in Judaism and the Christian Message.” In Flusser, Judaism and the Origins of Christianity (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1988), 469–489.
Finkelstein, Louis, ed. Sifre on Deuteronomy: Published Originally in Berlin 1939 (New York: Jewish Theological Seminary, 1969) [Hebrew].
Fitzmyer, Joseph A. “4Q200. 4QTobite.” In Qumran Cave 4.XIV: Parabiblical Texts, Part 2, ed. Magen Broshi et al. (Oxford: Clarendon, 1995), 63-76.
Gathercole, Simon J. Where is Boasting? Early Jewish Soteriology and Paul’s Response in Romans 1–5 (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2002).
Gathercole, Simon J. “Torah, Life, and Salvation: Leviticus 18:5 in Early Judaism and the New Testament.” In From Prophecy to Testament: The Function of the Old Testament in the New, ed. Craig A. Evans (Peabody: Hendrickson, 2004), 126–145.
Goldschmidt, Daniel. Seder Seliḥot according to the Polish Custom (Jerusalem: Mosad ha-Rav Kook, 1965) [Hebrew].
Hammer, Reuven. “Three Midrashim Concerning Our Great Leaders, Moses and David: The Doctrine of Grace in Sifre Deuteronomy.” In Mishneh Todah: Studies in Deuteronomy and Its Cultural Environment in Honor of Jeffrey H. Tigay, ed. Nili S. Fox et al. (Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2009), 243–249.
Heinemann, H. “The Conception of Reward in Matt 20:1–16.” Journal of Jewish Studies 1 (1948), 85–89.
Hezser, Catherine. Lohnmetaphorik und Arbeitswelt in Mt 20, 1–16: Das Gleichnis von den Arbeiten im Weinberg im Rahmen rabbinischer Lohngleichnisse (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1990).
Holloway, Paul A. Philippians: A Commentary (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2017).
Horovitz, H.S., and I.A. Rabin, eds. Mechilta d’Rabbi Ismael (Frankfurt am Main: Kauffmann, 1931) [Hebrew].
Hultgren, Arland J. Paul’s Letter to the Romans: A Commentary (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2011).
Hurvitz, Avi. “The Biblical Roots of a Talmudic Term: The Early History of the Concept צדקה [=Charity, alms].” Language Studies 2–3 (1987), 155–160 [Hebrew].
Jacobson, Howard. A Commentary on Pseudo-Philo’s Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum, With Latin Text and English Translation. 2 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 1996).
Kahana, Menahem I. “New Fragments of the Mekhilta on Deuteronomy.” Tarbiz 54 (1985), 485–551 [Hebrew].
Kahana, Menahem I., ed. Sifre on Numbers. 4 vols. (Jerusalem: Magness, 2011–2015) [Hebrew].
Käsemann, Ernst. Perspectives on Paul (London: SCM, 1971).
Kasher, Rimon. “The Palestinian Targums to Genesis 4:8: A New Approach to an Old Controversy.” In Biblical Interpretation in Judaism and Christianity, ed. Isaac Kalimi and Peter J. Haas (New York: T&T Clark, 2006), 33–43.
Kister, Menahem. Studies in Avot de-Rabbi Nathan: Text, Redaction and Interpretation (Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi and the Hebrew University, 1998) [Hebrew].
Kister, Menahem. “Romans 5:12–21 against the Background of Torah-Theology and Hebrew Usage.” Harvard Theological Review 100 (2007), 391–424.
Kister, Menahem. “Body and Sin: Romans and Colossians in Light of Qumranic and Rabbinic Texts.” In The Dead Sea Scrolls and Pauline Literature, ed. Jean-Sébastien Rey (Leiden: Brill, 2014), 171–207.
Klein, Michael. Genizah Manuscripts of Palestinian Targum to the Pentateuch (Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1986).
Köberle, Justus. Sünde und Gnade im religiösen Leben des Volkes Israel bis auf Christum (München: Beck, 1905).
Kugel, James L. Traditions of the Bible (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998).
Lazarovsky, Ayelet. Shir ha-Shirim Zuta: Text, Content and History. Dissertation (the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2016) [Hebrew].
Lehrman, Simon M. Midrash Rabbah: Exodus (London: Soncino, 1951).
Licht, Jacob S. “Sakhar wa-‘onesh.” In Encyclopaedia Biblica. 9 vols. (Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 1982), 8:287–306 [Hebrew].
Lieberman, Saul. “Two Lexicographical Notes.” Journal of Biblical Literature 65 (1946), 67–72.
Lieberman, Saul, ed. Midrash Debarim Rabbah: Edited for the First Time from the Oxford ms. No. 147, 3rd ed. (Jerusalem: Wahrmann, 1974) [Hebrew].
Longenecker, Bruce W. Eschatology and the Covenant: A Comparison of 4 Ezra and Romans 1–11 (Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1991).
McGrath, Alister E. “Justification.” In Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, ed. Gerald F. Hawthorne and Ralph P. Martin (Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press, 1993), 517–523.
Michel, Otto. Der Brief an die Römer (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1978).
Moore, George F. Judaism in the First Three Centuries of the Christian Era: The Age of the Tannaim (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1997).
Naeh, Shlomo. “The Attribute of Justice and the Attribute of Mercy in Classical Rabbinic Thought.” Maḥanayim 68 (1993), 60–67 [Hebrew].
Newman, Judith H., and Pieter W. van der Horst. Early Jewish Prayers in Greek (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2008).
Oesterley, William O.E. 2 Esdras (the Ezra Apocalypse) (London: Methuen, 1933).
Paz, Yakir. Prior to Sinai: The Patriarchs and the Mosaic Law in Rabbinic Literature in View of Second Temple and Christian Literature, Thesis (the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2009) [Hebrew].
Rabinovitz, Zvi Meir. The Liturgical Poems of Rabbi Yannai according to the Triennial Cycle of the Pentateuch and the Holidays: Critical Edition with Introduction and Commentary. 2 vols. (Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 1985) [Hebrew].
Rosenthal, Franz. “Ṣedaqah, Charity.” Hebrew Union College Annual 23 (1950), 411–430.
Safrai, Shmuel. “And All Is according to the Majority of Deeds.” Tarbiz 53 (1983), 33–40 [Hebrew].
Saldarini, Anthony J. “Review of Paul and Palestinian Judaism: A Comparison of Patterns of Religion by E.P. Sanders.” Journal of Biblical Literature 98 (1979), 299–303.
Sanders, E.P. Paul, the Law, and the Jewish People (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1971).
Sanders, E.P. “Pattern of Religion in Paul and Rabbinic Judaism: A Holistic Method of Comparison.” Harvard Theological Review 66 (1973), 455–478.
Sanders, E.P. Paul and Palestinian Judaism (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1977).
Sanders, E.P. “Covenantal Nomism Revisited.” Jewish Studies Quarterly 16 (2009), 23–55.
Sanders, James A. The Psalms Scroll of Qumran Cave 11 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1965).
Schechter, Solomon, ed. Avot de-Rabbi Nathan (Vienna: S.Z. Schechter, 1887) [Hebrew].
Schechter, Solomon. Aggadath Shir ha-Shirim (Cambridge: Deighton, Bell, 1896).
Schliesser, Benjamin. Abraham’s Faith in Romans 4: Paul’s Concept of Faith in Light of the History of Reception of Genesis 15:6 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2007).
Schwartz, Daniel R. “Paul, the Jews, and Well-Meaning Translation: At What Price Einheit?” Theologische Zeitschrift 69 (2013), 372–384.
Schoeps, H.J. Paul: The Theology of the Apostle in Light of Jewish Religious History (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1961).
Septimus, Bernard. “Who Were the אנשי אמנה? A New Answer from an Ancient Poem.” In The Faces of Torah: Studies in the Texts and Contexts of Ancient Judaism in Honor of Steven Fraade, ed. Michel Bar-Asher Siegal, Christine Hayes, and Tzvi Novick (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2017), 619–633.
Sharvit, Shimon. “Exegetical Traditions and their Relationship to Textual Traditions in Mishnah [Avot].” In Studies in Rabbinic Literature, Bible, and Jewish History Dedicated to Prof. E.Z. Melamed, ed. Yitzhak D. Gilat et al. (Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University, 1982), 115–134 [Hebrew].
Sharvit, Shimon. Tractate Avot through the Ages: A Critical Edition, Prolegomena and Appendices (Jerusalem: Bialik Institute and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2004) [Hebrew].
Sokoloff, Michael. The Genizah Fragments of Bereshit Rabbah (Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1982) [Hebrew].
Sokoloff, Michael. A Dictionary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic of the Byzantine Period (Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University Press, 1990).
Sokoloff, Michael. A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann’s Lexicon Syriacum (Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2009).
Sokoloff, Michael. A Dictionary of Christian Palestinian Aramaic (Leuven: Peeters, 2014).
Stendahl, Krister. “The Apostle Paul and the Introspective Conscience of the West.” Harvard Theological Review 56 (1963), 199–215.
Steinmetz, Devora. Punishment and Freedom: The Rabbinic Construction of Criminal Law (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008).
Stone, Michael E. Fourth Ezra (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1990).
Stone, Michael E., and Matthias Henze. 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch: Translations, Introductions, and Notes (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2013).
Stowers, Stanley K. A Reading of Romans: Justice, Jews and Gentiles (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994).
Tal, Abraham. A Dictionary of Samaritan Aramaic. 2 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 2000).
Tal, Abraham, ed. Tibat Marqe: The Ark of Marqe: Edition, Translation, Commentary (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2019).
Taylor, Charles. Sayings of the Jewish Fathers (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1877).
Theodor, Julius, and Chanoch Albeck, eds. Bereschit Rabba. 3 vols. (Berlin: Poppelauer, 1903–1929).
Tomson, Peter J. “‘The Doers of the Law Will Be Justified’ (Rom 2:13): For an Adequate Perspective on Romans.” In Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019), 347–382.
Treitl, Eliezer. Pirke de-Rabbi Eli‘ezer: Text, Redaction and Sample Synopsis (Jerusalem: the Hebrew University and Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi, 2012) [Hebrew].
Wagner, J. Ross. Heralds of the Good News: Isaiah and Paul in Concert in the Letter to the Romans (Leiden: Brill, 2003).
Watson, Francis. Paul and the Hermeneutics of Faith, 2nd ed. (London: Bloomsbury, 2018).
Weinfeld, Moshe. “‘Justice and Righteousness’—משפט וצדקה—The Expression and its Meanings.” In Justice and Righteousness: Biblical Themes and their Influence, ed. Henning Graf Reventlow and Yair Hoffman (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1992), 228–246.
Weinfeld, Moshe. Social Justice in Ancient Israel and the Ancient Near East (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1995).
Westerholm, Stephen. “Paul’s Anthropological ‘Pessimism’ in its Jewish Context.” In Divine and Human Agency in Paul and his Cultural Context, ed. John M.G. Barclay et al. (London: T&T Clark, 2006), 71–98.
Westerholm, Stephen. “The Judaism That Paul Left Behind Him.” In Westerholm, Law and Ethics in Early Judaism and the New Testament (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2017), 369–384.
Wrede, William, Paul (London: Philip Green, 1907).
Wright, N.T. Pauline Perspectives: Essays on Paul, 1978–2013 (London: SPCK, 2013).
Yinger, Kent L. Paul, Judaism, and Judgment According to Deeds (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 595 | 140 | 62 |
Full Text Views | 114 | 8 | 1 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 310 | 26 | 3 |
The present article deals with a strand of ancient Jewish theological notions (in rabbinic literature, Fourth Ezra, and elsewhere) and Pauline ones. In these Jewish passages—sharing similar religious sensitivities and using similar terminology—human works stand vis-à-vis God’s mercy and his benevolence (
All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 595 | 140 | 62 |
Full Text Views | 114 | 8 | 1 |
PDF Views & Downloads | 310 | 26 | 3 |