As of this writing in October 2013, neither Bahrain nor Kuwait has significantly reformed their sponsorship system.

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 Kapiszewski, Nationals and Expatriates. Population and Labour Dilemmas of the GCC States, 2001, 133–144.

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 David McMurray, “Trafficking and Transiting: New Perspectives on Labor Migration,” Middle East Report 211 (1999), 16–19; Longva, “Keeping Migrant Workers in Check: The Kafala System in the Gulf.”

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 No. 87, 1948.

 No. 98, 1949.

 No. 100, 1951.

 No. 29, 1930.

 No. 105, 1957.

 No. 111, 1958.

 No. 138, 1973.

 No. 182, 1999.

 No. 81, 1947.

 No. 122, 1964.

 No. 129, 1969.

 No. 144, 1976.